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The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lutein on the alleviation of atherosclerosis and its molecular mechanisms involved in oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. Male apolipoprotein E knockout mice (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 55) were fed either a normal chow diet or a high fat diet (HFD) supplemented with or without lutein for 24 weeks. The results showed that a HFD induced atherosclerosis formation, lipid metabolism disorders and oxidative stress, but noticeable improvements were observed in the lutein treated group. Additionally, lutein supplementation reversed the decreased protein expression of aortic heme oxygenase\u20101 and increased the mRNA and protein expressions of aortic nicotinamide\u2010adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase stimulated by a HFD. Furthermore, the decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of hepatic peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor\u2010\u03b1, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, acyl CoA oxidase 1, low density lipoprotein receptors and scavenger receptor class B type I observed in mice with atherosclerosis were markedly enhanced after treatment with lutein. Taken together, these data add new evidence supporting the anti\u2010atherogenic properties of lutein and describing its mechanisms of action in atherosclerosis prevention, including oxidative stress and lipid metabolism improvements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-015-3992-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,6]],"date-time":"2015-02-06T09:43:57Z","timestamp":1423215837000},"page":"261-273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Lutein Prevents High Fat Diet\u2010Induced Atherosclerosis in ApoE\u2010Deficient Mice by Inhibiting NADPH Oxidase and Increasing PPAR Expression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan 430030 People's Republic 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