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Therefore, we hypothesized that p110\u03b4 deficiency might be protective against atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice were crossed with p110\u03b4 KO mice to generate homozygous double knockout mice (ApoE\/p110\u03b4 DKO). The present study showed that ApoE\/p110\u03b4 DKO mice fed with a high cholesterol diet (HCD) demonstrated less peritoneal infiltration of leukocytes and monocytes compared with ApoE KO mice after intraperitoneal injection of thioglycollate, an inducer of acute peritoneal inflammation. Unexpectedly, atherosclerosis in the aortic root and in the entire aorta was similar between the ApoE\/p110\u03b4 DKO and ApoE KO groups. No difference in Mac\u20103 expression, indicative of macrophage infiltration, was found between the two groups. Further analysis showed that ApoE KO mice chronically fed with HCD had increased levels of total cholesterol, low\u2010density lipoprotein in the blood and counts and percentages of circulating monocytes compared with ApoE KO mice fed with a normal diet. Consistently, the deficiency of p110\u03b4 affected neither the counts nor the percentages of monocytes nor the lipid profiles in the blood. The results suggested that p110\u03b4 plays an important role in acute but not in chronic inflammation, the latter being included in the early characteristics of atherosclerosis, which might explain the finding that p110\u03b4 deficiency fails to inhibit early atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-015-4026-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,11]],"date-time":"2015-05-11T10:39:16Z","timestamp":1431340756000},"page":"839-846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["p110Delta Inhibits Monocyte Infiltration by Thioglycollate\u2010Induced Periotoneal Inflammation but Not HCD\u2010Induced Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in APOE KO Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Futian","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cardio\u2010 and Cerebro\u2010vascular Drug, Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute Liaoning Medical University Jinzhou 121001 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Vascular Biology Research Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Gui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Vascular Biology Research Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuiling","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Vascular Biology Research Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meili","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cardio\u2010 and Cerebro\u2010vascular Drug, Research of Liaoning Province, Drug 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