{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T08:09:16Z","timestamp":1768032556257,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,2]],"date-time":"2016-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,2]],"date-time":"2016-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467417600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Grant-in-Aid (22590120)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant-in-Aid (22590120)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Goto\u2010Kakizaki (GK) rat is widely used as an animal model for spontaneous\u2010onset type 2 diabetes without obesity; nevertheless, little information is available on the metabolism of fatty acids and triacylglycerols (TAG) in their livers. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the alterations in the metabolism of fatty acids and TAG in their livers, in comparison with Zucker (<jats:italic>fa<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>fa<\/jats:italic>) rats, which are obese and insulin resistant. Lipid profiles, the expression of genes for enzymes and proteins related to the metabolism of fatty acid and TAG, <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> synthesis of fatty acids and TAG <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, fatty acid synthase activity <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, fatty acid oxidation in liver slices, and very\u2010low\u2010density\u2010lipoprotein (VLDL)\u2010TAG secretion <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> were estimated. Our results revealed that (1) the TAG accumulation was moderate, (2) the <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> fatty acid synthesis was increased by upregulation of fatty acid synthase in a post\u2010transcriptional manner, (3) fatty acid oxidation was also augmented through the induction of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, and (4) the secretion rate of VLDL\u2010TAG remained unchanged in the livers of GK rats. These results suggest that, despite the fact that GK rats exhibit non\u2010obese type 2 diabetes, the upregulation of <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> lipogenesis is largely compensated by the upregulation of fatty acid oxidation, resulting in only moderate increase in TAG accumulation in the liver.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-016-4171-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,2]],"date-time":"2016-07-02T05:02:58Z","timestamp":1467435778000},"page":"955-971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Abnormalities in the Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols in the Liver of the Goto\u2010Kakizaki Rat: A Model for Non\u2010Obese Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Minako","family":"Karahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Josai University 1\u20101 Keyakidai Sakado Saitama 350\u20100295 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Hirata\u2010Hanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Josai University 1\u20101 Keyakidai Sakado Saitama 350\u20100295 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Kawabata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Josai University 1\u20101 Keyakidai Sakado Saitama 350\u20100295 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Tsutsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Josai University 1\u20101 Keyakidai Sakado Saitama 350\u20100295 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Misaki","family":"Kametani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Josai University 1\u20101 Keyakidai Sakado Saitama 350\u20100295 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nanako","family":"Takamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Josai University 1\u20101 Keyakidai Sakado Saitama 350\u20100295 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Josai University 1\u20101 Keyakidai Sakado Saitama 350\u20100295 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tohru","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Josai University 1\u20101 Keyakidai Sakado Saitama 350\u20100295 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Asano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences International University of Health and Welfare 2600\u20101 Kitakanemaru Ohtawara Tochigi 324\u20108501 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Mitsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Josai International University 1 Gumyo Togane Chiba 283\u20108555 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoichi","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Josai University 1\u20101 Keyakidai Sakado Saitama 350\u20100295 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Kudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Josai University 1\u20101 Keyakidai Sakado Saitama 350\u20100295 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2012.01031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399810666140508121012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-013-3839-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12151-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2004.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab1945.51.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-068-7_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-003-1300-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1993.265.5.E807"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13478"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2010.518623"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-013-3786-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y59-099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/10.5.451"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02668129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(99)00159-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.13149FP"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.4.935"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a131906"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","volume-title":"Methods of enzymatic analysis","author":"Decker K","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"Methods in enzymology","author":"Nepokroeff CM","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1999.276.4.R1046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)32437-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1113359108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-112-4-1346"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(05)00010-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-013-0758-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3500389"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)31498-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr100404w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M009407"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M600172-JLR200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05733.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0630588100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M807616200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.485219"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.23.2.0461"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00653.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1997.00001.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-1981(00)00044-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2390103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(82)90057-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)45344-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RakhshandehrooM SandersonLM MatilainenM StienstraR CarlbergC deGrootPJ MullerM KerstenS(2007)Comprehensive analysis of PPARalpha\u2010dependent regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism by expression profiling.PPAR Res.doi:10.1155\/2007\/26839","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/26839"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RakhshandehrooM KnochB MullerM KerstenS(2010)Peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor alpha target genes.PPAR Res.doi:10.1155\/2010\/612089","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/612089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2011.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20081932"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2002.33339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2005.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BurriL ThoresenGH BergeRK(2010)The role of PPARalpha activation in liver and muscle.PPAR Res.doi:10.1155\/2010\/54235910.1155\/2010\/54235","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/542359"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1996.271.4.E755"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00497.2007"}],"container-title":["Lipids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1007%2Fs11745-016-4171-8","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11745-016-4171-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11745-016-4171-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11745-016-4171-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:12:07Z","timestamp":1760962327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s11745-016-4171-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,2]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s11745-016-4171-8"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11745-016-4171-8","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0024-4201","1558-9307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0024-4201","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9307","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,2]]}}}