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However, a specific combination of palmitic, myristic and palmitoleic acid (CoFA) has been reported to promote beneficial cardiac growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of CoFA for cardiac growth and to delineate the underlying signaling pathways of CoFA and palmitic acid treatment. CoFA treatment of C57Bl\/6 mice increased FA serum concentrations. However, morphologic and echocardiographic analysis did not show myocardial hypertrophy. Cell culture studies using rat ventricular cardiomyocytes revealed an increased phosphorylation of AMP activated protein kinase \u03b1 (AMPK\u03b1) to 155 \u00b1 19% and its target acetyl\u2010CoA\u2010carboxylase to 177 \u00b1 23% by CoFA. Treatment with myristic acid also increased AMPK\u03b1 phosphorylation to 189 \u00b1 32%. Palmitic acid did not activate AMPK\u03b1 but increased expression of the FA translocase CD36 (FAT\/CD36) to 163 \u00b1 23% and adipose\u2010differentiation\u2010related\u2010protein (ADRP), a sensitive marker of lipid accumulation, to 168 \u00b1 42%. This was associated with an increased phosphorylation of the stress\u2010activated\u2010protein\u2010kinase\/Jun\u2010amino\u2010terminal\u2010kinase (SAPK\/JNK) to 173 \u00b1 27%. In CoFA\u2010treated cells, phosphorylation of SAPK\/JNK was unaltered. FACS analysis revealed increased apoptosis to 159 \u00b1 5% by palmitic acid but not by CoFA. AMPK activator AICAR (5\u2010aminoimidazole\u20104\u2010carboxamide ribonucleotide) prevented up\u2010regulation of ADRP and increased apoptosis by palmitic acid. Confirming these findings, inhibition of AMPK by compound C in CoFA\u2010treated cardiomyocytes resulted in an increased expression of ADRP to 154 \u00b1 27%, FAT\/CD36 to 167 \u00b1 28% and apoptosis to 183 \u00b1 12%. These data reveal that AMPK activation plays an important role in prevention of palmitic acid\u2010induced apoptosis and lipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-017-4285-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,20]],"date-time":"2017-08-20T04:08:41Z","timestamp":1503202121000},"page":"737-750","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["AMPK Prevents Palmitic Acid\u2010Induced Apoptosis and Lipid Accumulation in Cardiomyocytes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Lucas","family":"Adrian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin Universit\u00e4tsklinikum des Saarlandes Homburg 66421 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Lenski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik 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