{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:31:11Z","timestamp":1761006671340,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,1]],"date-time":"1997-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":854755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent studies provide extensive evidence for the importance of carotenoids in protecting against oxidative stress associated with a number of diseases. In particular, reactions of carotenoids with phenoxyl radicals generated by peroxidasecatalyzed one\u2010electron metabolism of phenolic compounds may represent an important antioxidant function of carotenoids. To further our understanding of the antioxidant mechanisms of carotenoids, we used in the present work two different phenolic compounds, phenol and a polar homologue of vitamin E (2,2,5,7,8\u2010pentamethyl\u20106\u2010hydroxychromane, PMC), as representatives of two different types of phenols to study reactions of their respective phenoxyl radicals with carotenoids in cells and in model systems. We found that phenoxyl radicals of PMC did not oxidize \u03b2\u2010carotene in either HL\u201060 cells or in model systems with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)\/H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. In contrast, the phenoxyl radicals generated from phenol (by native myeloperoxidase in HL\u201060 cells or HRP\/H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in model systems) effectively oxidized \u03b2\u2010carotene and other carotenoids (canthaxanthin, lutein, lycopene). One\u2010electron reduction of the phenoxyl radical by ascorbate (assayed by electron spin resonance\u2010detectable formation of semidehydroascorbyl radicals) prevented HRP\/H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced oxidation of \u03b2\u2010carotene. PMC, but not phenol, protected \u03b2\u2010carotene against oxidation induced by a lipid\u2010soluble azo\u2010initiator of peroxyl radicals. No adducts of peroxidase\/phenol\/H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced \u03b2\u2010carotene oxidation intermediates with phenol were detected by high\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry analysis of the reaction mixture. Since carotenoids are essential constituents of the antioxidant defenses in cells and biological fluids, their depletion through the reaction with phenoxyl radicals formed from endogenous, nutritional and environmental phenolics, as well as phenolic drugs, may be an important factor in the development of oxidative stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-997-0017-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,13]],"date-time":"2006-11-13T13:01:55Z","timestamp":1163422915000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Peroxidase\u2010catalyzed oxidation of \u03b2\u2010carotene in HL\u201060 cells and in model systems: Involvement of phenoxyl radicals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Vladimir A.","family":"Tyurin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental &amp; Occupational Health University of Pittsburgh 260 Kappa Dr. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15238"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianfranca","family":"Carta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental &amp; Occupational Health University of Pittsburgh 260 Kappa Dr. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15238"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Biologia Sperimentale, Sezione di Patologia Sperimentale Universita di Cagliari Cagliari Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulia Y.","family":"Tyurina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental &amp; Occupational Health University of Pittsburgh 260 Kappa Dr. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15238"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Banni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental &amp; Occupational Health University of Pittsburgh 260 Kappa Dr. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15238"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Biologia Sperimentale, Sezione di Patologia Sperimentale Universita di Cagliari Cagliari Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry Russian Academy of Science St. Petersburg 194223 Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Billy W.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental &amp; Occupational Health University of Pittsburgh 260 Kappa Dr. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15238"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Pittsburgh 260 Kappa Dr. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15238"},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute University of Pittsburgh 260 Kappa Dr. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15238"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco P.","family":"Corongiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biologia Sperimentale, Sezione di Patologia Sperimentale Universita di Cagliari Cagliari Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry Russian Academy of Science St. Petersburg 194223 Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerian E.","family":"Kagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental &amp; Occupational Health University of Pittsburgh 260 Kappa Dr. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15238"},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute University of Pittsburgh 260 Kappa Dr. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15238"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00320a066"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1246\/bcsj.57.1260"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00264a010"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00065a013"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)10412-4","article-title":"Metabolic Activation of Phenol by Human Myeloperoxidase and Horseradish Peroxidase","volume":"30","author":"Eastmond D.A.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)83132-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(92)90569-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1995.1169"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00155a029"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.12.6570"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00100a005"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00014a034"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1995.1070"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000139250"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)39861-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1996.0073"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117961"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(92)90658-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(92)90675-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Antioxidants Effects of Carotenoids in vivo and in vitro: An Overview","volume":"213","author":"Palozza P.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Meth. Enzymol."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(94)00223-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1995.0019"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","first-page":"259","volume-title":"Handbook of Antioxidants","author":"Handelman G.J.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(95)00094-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6710156"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/119.1.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1996.0018"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(92)90375-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(86)90203-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(92)90242-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx950151t"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1994.1159"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrc.1260320905"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/278737a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(90)90108-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Lipid Peroxidation in Biomembranes","author":"Kagan V.E.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769109105222"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00198a034"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Vitamin E: Biochemistry and Clinical Applications","author":"Packer L.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1992.tb17085.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199404143301501"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.15.8529834"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111897"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(92)90183-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853899109150520"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(93)90092-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2880341"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3080559"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00116a047"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)42228-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00199a041"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)53581-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1996.0219"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(91)90063-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.93100293"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(90)86095-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00127a022"}],"container-title":["Lipids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11745-997-0017-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:42:52Z","timestamp":1760953372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s11745-997-0017-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s11745-997-0017-0"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11745-997-0017-0","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0024-4201","1558-9307"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0024-4201"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1558-9307"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"article-number":"131"}}