{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:29:41Z","timestamp":1788877781820,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,4,1]],"date-time":"1997-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":859852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Arachidonic acid (AA) is a precursor of eicosanoids, which influence human health and the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> activity of immune cells. We therefore examined the effects of dietary AA on the immune response (IR) of 10 healthy men living at our metabolic suite for 130 d. All subjects were fed a basal diet containing 27 energy percentage (en%) fat, 57 en% carbohydrate, and 16 en% protein (AA, 200 mg\/d) for the first and last 15 d of the study. Additional AA (1.5 g\/d) was incorporated into the diet of six men from day 16 to 65 while the remaining four subjects continued to eat the basal diet. The diets of the two groups were crossed\u2010over from day 66 to 115. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> indexes of IR were examined using the blood samples drawn on days 15, 58, 65, 108, 115, and 127. The subjects were immunized with the measles\/mumps\/rubella vaccine on day 35 and with the influenza vaccine on day 92. Dietary AA did not influence many indexes of IR (peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin, Concanavalin A, pokeweed, measles\/mumps\/rubella, and influenza vaccines prior to immunization, and natural killer cell activity). The postimmunization proliferation in response to influenza vaccine was about fourfold higher in the group receiving high\u2010AA diet compared to the group receiving low\u2010AA diet (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.02). Analysis of variance of the data pooled from both groups showed that the number of circulating granulocytes was significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.03) more when the subjects were fed the high\u2010AA diet than when they were fed the low\u2010AA diet. The small increases in granulocyte count and the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> proliferation in response to influenza vaccine caused by dietary AA may not be of clinical significance. However, the lack of any adverse effects on IR indicates that supplementation with AA may be done safely when needed for other health reasons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-997-0059-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,13]],"date-time":"2006-11-13T13:29:46Z","timestamp":1163424586000},"page":"449-456","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Effects of dietary arachidonic acid on human immune response"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Darshan S.","family":"Kelley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Human Nutrition ARS, USDA P.O. Box 29997, Presidio of San Francisco CAResearch Center 94129"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Human Nutrition ARS, USDA P.O. Box 29997, Presidio of San Francisco CAResearch Center 94129"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary J.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Human Nutrition ARS, USDA P.O. Box 29997, Presidio of San Francisco CAResearch Center 94129"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perla C.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Human Nutrition ARS, USDA P.O. Box 29997, Presidio of San Francisco CAResearch Center 94129"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce E.","family":"Mackey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Regional Research Center USDA, ARS Albany California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA, ARS Martek Corporation Columbia Maryland 21045"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(89)80057-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(92)90078-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/50.4.861"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/53.1.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198902023200501"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.54.6.599"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/54.5.896"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/59.3.572"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1975185part1521"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/36.5.868"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.12.2174","article-title":"Dietary Arachidonic Acid Enhances Tissue Arachidonate Levels and Eicosanoid Production in Syrian Hamsters","volume":"123","author":"Whelan J.","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18421.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.54.2.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-3278(93)90176-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.134.2.1125","article-title":"Effect of Lipoxygenase Metabolites of Arachidonic Acid on Proliferation of Human T Cell Subsets","volume":"134","author":"Gualde N.","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1986.tb04543.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","first-page":"541","article-title":"15\u2010Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Inhibits Neutrophil Migration Across Cytokine Activated Endothelium","volume":"145","author":"Takata S.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/51.3.385"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198809293191304"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120476.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-200-43413"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-6980(89)90092-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/125.10.2528","article-title":"The Arachidonic Acid Content of the Australian Diet Is Lower Than Previously Estimated","volume":"125","author":"Mann N.M.","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-997-0054-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/62.2.412"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","volume-title":"Guide for Personal Computers, Version 6 edn.","author":"SAS Institute Inc., SAS\/STATTM","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/270530a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12531738"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","first-page":"497","article-title":"Responses of Human Skin to Intradermal Injection of Leukotrienes","volume":"80","author":"Camp R.D.R.","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.1.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/249841a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.57.3.711"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V71.3.771.771"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(78)90321-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.19.2.430-433.1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","first-page":"1560","article-title":"Effect of Arachidonic Acid and Other Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Human Lymphocyte Transformation, in vitro","volume":"122","author":"Kelly J.P.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-3278(94)90242-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1995.1190"}],"container-title":["Lipids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11745-997-0059-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:32:06Z","timestamp":1760952726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s11745-997-0059-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,4]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s11745-997-0059-3"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11745-997-0059-3","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0024-4201","1558-9307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0024-4201","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9307","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,4]]}}}