{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T03:24:32Z","timestamp":1786937072628,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development center","award":["P2CHD042849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2CHD042849"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cancer Surviv"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-026-02103-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T02:48:05Z","timestamp":1786934885000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond income: financial hardship as a pathway from socioeconomic disadvantage to depression among middle and older cancer survivors"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Meiyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lailea","family":"Noel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2103_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e051317","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-051317","volume":"12","author":"M Ayalew","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ayalew M, Deribe B, Duko B, Geleta D, Bogale N, Gemechu L, et al. Prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms and their determinant factors among patients with cancer in southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2022;12:e051317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-051317.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2103_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.11.017","volume":"72","author":"TJ Hartung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hartung TJ, Br\u00e4hler E, Faller H, H\u00e4rter M, Hinz A, Johansen C, et al. The risk of being depressed is significantly higher in cancer patients than in the general population: prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms across major cancer types. Eur J Cancer. 2017;72:46\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.11.017.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2103_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0595-x","volume":"25","author":"Y-H Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Y-H, Li J-Q, Shi J-F, Que J-Y, Liu J-J, Lappin JM, et al. Depression and anxiety in relation to cancer incidence and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Mol Psychiatry. 2020;25:1487\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-019-0595-x.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2103_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-025-01676-9","volume":"48","author":"Z Ungvari","year":"2026","unstructured":"Ungvari Z, Fekete M, Buda A, Lehoczki A, Fekete JT, Varga P, et al. Depression increases cancer mortality by 23\u201383%: a meta-analysis of 65 studies across five major cancer types. GeroScience. 2026;48:293\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11357-025-01676-9.","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"2103_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgo.2023.101700","volume":"15","author":"CE Low","year":"2024","unstructured":"Low CE, Yau CE, Tan RY, Ong VCS, Ho RCM, Ho CSH, et al. Association of depression with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in older adults with cancer: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. J Geriatr Oncol. 2024;15:101700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgo.2023.101700.","journal-title":"J Geriatr Oncol"},{"key":"2103_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3426","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.00293","volume":"41","author":"BL Andersen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Andersen BL, Lacchetti C, Ashing K, Berek JS, Berman BS, Bolte S, et al. Management of anxiety and depression in adult survivors of cancer: ASCO guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41:3426\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.23.00293.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2103_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13010107","volume":"13","author":"KI Toivonen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Toivonen KI, Williamson TM, Carlson LE, Walker LM, Campbell TS. Potentially modifiable factors associated with adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy among breast cancer survivors: a systematic review. Cancers. 2021;13:107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers13010107.","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"2103_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e660","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.22.00555","volume":"19","author":"K Birch","year":"2023","unstructured":"Birch K, Chung S, Zion SR, MacEwan JP, Malecki MJ. Incremental health care costs of anxiety and depression among medicare beneficiaries with cancer. JCO Oncol Pract. 2023;19:e660\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/OP.22.00555.","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pract"},{"key":"2103_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.08.091","volume":"340","author":"G Yan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yan G, Zhang Q, Yan Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu M, et al. Trends in the prevalence and treatment of comorbid depression among US adults with and without cancer, 2005\u20132020. J Affect Disord. 2005;340:743\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2023.08.091.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2103_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-6181-4","volume":"19","author":"CL Niedzwiedz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Niedzwiedz CL, Knifton L, Robb KA, Katikireddi SV, Smith DJ. Depression and anxiety among people living with and beyond cancer: a growing clinical and research priority. BMC Cancer. 2019;19:943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-019-6181-4.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2103_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2544812","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.44812","volume":"8","author":"M Taylor","year":"2025","unstructured":"Taylor M, Westvold SJ, Long JB, Hyslop T, Silber A, Forman R, et al. Risk of late-onset depression in long-term survivors of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8:e2544812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.44812.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2103_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29040211","volume":"29","author":"I Chidobem","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chidobem I, Tian F, Mgbodile C, Mgbodile F, Jokar TO, Ogbuokiri E, et al. Assessing the relationship between socioeconomic status, race, and psychological distress in cancer survivors: a population based study. Curr Oncol. 2022;29:2575\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/curroncol29040211.","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"2103_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2626958","author":"BG Link","year":"1995","unstructured":"Link BG, Phelan J. Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease. J Health Soc Behav. 1995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2626958.","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"2103_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650404500303","volume":"45","author":"JC Phelan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Phelan JC, Link BG, Diez-Roux A, Kawachi I, Levin B. \u201cFundamental causes\u201d of social inequalities in mortality: a test of the theory\u2217. J Health Soc Behav. 2004;45:265\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002214650404500303.","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"2103_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.10.026","volume":"100","author":"MS Rubin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rubin MS, Clouston S, Link BG. A fundamental cause approach to the study of disparities in lung cancer and pancreatic cancer mortality in the United States. Soc Sci Med. 2014;100:54\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.10.026.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2103_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.06.013","volume":"187","author":"SAP Clouston","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clouston SAP, Rubin MS, Chae DH, Freese J, Nemesure B, Link BG. Fundamental causes of accelerated declines in colorectal cancer mortality: modeling multiple ways that disadvantage influences mortality risk. Soc Sci Med. 2017;187:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.06.013.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2103_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13875","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.13875","volume":"47","author":"S Nousak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nousak S. Extending fundamental cause theory to holistic health. Sociol Health Illn. 2025;47:e13875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-9566.13875.","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn"},{"key":"2103_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-090320-094912","volume":"47","author":"SAP Clouston","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clouston SAP, Link BG. A retrospective on fundamental cause theory: state of the literature and goals for the future. Annu Rev Sociol. 2021;47:131\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-soc-090320-094912.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Sociol"},{"key":"2103_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-017-0532-z","volume":"16","author":"M Khan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khan M, Ilcisin M, Saxton K. Multifactorial discrimination as a fundamental cause of mental health inequities. Int J Equity Health. 2017;16:43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12939-017-0532-z.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"2103_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"djw205","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djw205","volume":"109","author":"CK Altice","year":"2017","unstructured":"Altice CK, Banegas MP, Tucker-Seeley RD, Yabroff KR. Financial hardships experienced by cancer survivors: a systematic review. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2017;109:djw205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djw205.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2103_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djac064","volume":"114","author":"Y-CT Shih","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shih Y-CT, Owsley KM, Nicholas LH, Yabroff KR, Bradley CJ. Cancer\u2019s lasting financial burden: evidence from a longitudinal assessment. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2022;114:1020\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djac064.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2103_CR22","first-page":"80","volume":"27","author":"SY Zafar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zafar SY, Abernethy AP. Financial toxicity, part I: a new name for a growing problem. Oncology (Williston Park). 2013;27:80\u2013149.","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park)"},{"key":"2103_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socec.2006.12.003","volume":"36","author":"J Iceland","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iceland J, Bauman KJ. Income poverty and material hardship: how strong is the association? J Socio-Econ. 2007;36:376\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socec.2006.12.003.","journal-title":"J Socio-Econ"},{"key":"2103_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S88","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnz033","volume":"59","author":"RD Tucker-Seeley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tucker-Seeley RD, Thorpe RJ Jr. Material\u2013psychosocial\u2013behavioral aspects of financial hardship: a conceptual model for cancer prevention. Gerontologist. 2019;59:S88-93. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/gnz033.","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"2103_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117531","volume":"364","author":"LJ Samuel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Samuel LJ, Abshire Saylor M, Choe MY, Smith Wright R, Kim B, Nkimbeng M, et al. Financial strain measures and associations with adult health: a systematic literature review. Soc Sci Med. 2025;364:117531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117531.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2103_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1525\/sp.2009.56.4.746","volume":"56","author":"C Heflin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Heflin C, Sandberg J, Rafail P. The structure of material hardship in U.S. Households: an examination of the coherence behind common measures of well-being. Soc Probl. 2009;56:746\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1525\/sp.2009.56.4.746.","journal-title":"Soc Probl"},{"key":"2103_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2009.08.003","volume":"19","author":"RD Tucker-Seeley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tucker-Seeley RD, Li Y, Subramanian SV, Sorensen G. Financial hardship and mortality among older adults using the 1996\u20132004 health and retirement study. Ann Epidemiol. 2009;19:850\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2009.08.003.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"2103_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2018.03.013","volume":"28","author":"GL Marshall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marshall GL, Tucker-Seeley R. The association between hardship and self-rated health: does the choice of indicator matter? Ann Epidemiol. 2018;28:462\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2018.03.013.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"2103_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31913","volume":"125","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng Z, Jemal A, Han X, Guy GP Jr, Li C, Davidoff AJ, et al. Medical financial hardship among cancer survivors in the United States. Cancer. 2019;125:1737\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.31913.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2103_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pkae033","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkae033","volume":"8","author":"AJ Fauer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fauer AJ, Qiu W, Huang I-C, Ganz PA, Casillas JN, Yabroff KR, et al. Financial hardship and neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage in long-term childhood cancer survivors. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2024;8:pkae033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jncics\/pkae033.","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spectr"},{"key":"2103_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.02.016","volume":"59","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng Z, Han X, Zhao J, Banegas MP, Tucker-Seeley R, Rai A, et al. Financial hardship, healthcare utilization, and health among U.S. cancer survivors. Am J Prev Med. 2020;59:68\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.02.016.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2103_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"djv410","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djv410","volume":"108","author":"RD Tucker-Seeley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tucker-Seeley RD, Yabroff KR. Minimizing the \u201cFinancial Toxicity\u201d Associated With Cancer Care: Advancing the Research Agenda. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2016;108:djv410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djv410.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2103_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/agm2.12050","volume":"2","author":"S Assari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Assari S. Ethnicity, educational attainment, and physical health of older adults in the United States. Aging Med. 2019;2:104\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/agm2.12050.","journal-title":"Aging Med"},{"key":"2103_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3233\/JEM-210477","volume":"45","author":"G Kezdi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kezdi G, Lay M, Weir D. Recent trends in wealth inequality among older Americans in two surveys. J Econ Soc Meas. 2020;45:215\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JEM-210477.","journal-title":"J Econ Soc Meas"},{"key":"2103_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnw056","volume":"57","author":"S Crystal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Crystal S, Shea DG, Reyes AM. Cumulative advantage, cumulative disadvantage, and evolving patterns of late-life inequality. Gerontologist. 2017;57:910\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/gnw056.","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"2103_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levy H. Income, poverty, and material hardship among older Americans. RSF: Russell Sage Foundation J Soc Sci 2015;1:55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7758\/rsf.2015.1.1.04.","DOI":"10.7758\/rsf.2015.1.1.04"},{"key":"2103_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650604700102","volume":"47","author":"JR Kahn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kahn JR, Pearlin LI. Financial strain over the life course and health among older adults\u2217. J Health Soc Behav. 2006;47:17\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002214650604700102.","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"2103_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0319270","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0319270","volume":"20","author":"O Shin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shin O, Kwon E, Ahn S, Park S. The association between material hardship and physical and mental health among older adults: multi-channel sequence approach. PLoS ONE. 2025;20:e0319270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0319270.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2103_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2139593","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.39593","volume":"4","author":"E Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng E, Soulos PR, Irwin ML, Cespedes Feliciano EM, Presley CJ, Fuchs CS, et al. Neighborhood and individual socioeconomic disadvantage and survival among patients with nonmetastatic common cancers. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4:e2139593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.39593.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2103_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12355","volume":"96","author":"JH Silber","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silber JH, Rosenbaum PR, Ross RN, Reiter JG, Niknam BA, Hill AS, et al. Disparities in breast cancer survival by socioeconomic status despite Medicare and Medicaid insurance. Milbank Q. 2018;96:706\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1468-0009.12355.","journal-title":"Milbank Q"},{"key":"2103_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3487","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.35437","volume":"130","author":"ES Davis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Davis ES, Poulson MR, Yarbro AA, Franks JA, Bhatia S, Kenzik KM. Understanding racial differences in financial hardship among older adults surviving cancer. Cancer. 2024;130:3487\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.35437.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2103_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.98.5.2242","volume":"98","author":"D Card","year":"2008","unstructured":"Card D, Dobkin C, Maestas N. The impact of nearly universal insurance coverage on health care utilization: evidence from Medicare. Am Econ Rev. 2008;98:2242\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1257\/aer.98.5.2242.","journal-title":"Am Econ Rev"},{"key":"2103_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/60.Special_Issue_2.S27","volume":"60","author":"JC Phelan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Phelan JC, Link BG. Controlling disease and creating disparities: a fundamental cause perspective. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2005;60:S27-33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/60.Special_Issue_2.S27.","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"2103_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S186","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.166082","volume":"100","author":"PA Braveman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Braveman PA, Cubbin C, Egerter S, Williams DR, Pamuk E. Socioeconomic disparities in health in the United States: what the patterns tell us. Am J Public Health. 2010;100:S186\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2009.166082.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2103_CR45","first-page":"1013","volume":"99","author":"VL Shavers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shavers VL. Measurement of socioeconomic status in health disparities research. J Natl Med Assoc. 2007;99:1013\u201323.","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"2103_CR46","unstructured":"University of Michigan. Health and Retirement Study, 1992\u20132018 HRS core public use dataset. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan; 2018."},{"key":"2103_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu067","volume":"43","author":"A Sonnega","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sonnega A, Faul JD, Ofstedal MB, Langa KM, Phillips JW, Weir DR. Cohort profile: the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43:576\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyu067.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2103_CR48","unstructured":"RAND Center for the Study of Aging. RAND HRS longitudinal file 2018 (V2). Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation; 2018."},{"key":"2103_CR49","unstructured":"Smith J, Ryan L, Larkina M, Sonnega A, Weir D. Psychosocial and lifestyle questionnaire 2006\u20132022: documentation report. Ann Arbor, MI: Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan; 2023."},{"key":"2103_CR50","volume-title":"Introductory econometrics: a modern approach","author":"JM Wooldridge","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wooldridge JM. Introductory econometrics: a modern approach. Sixth edition, student edition. Cengage Learning; 2016.","edition":"Sixth edition,"},{"key":"2103_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pence KM. The role of wealth transformations: an application to estimating the effect of tax incentives on saving. B E J Econ Anal Policy. 2006;5(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2202\/1538-0645.1430.","DOI":"10.2202\/1538-0645.1430"},{"key":"2103_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/s12552-016-9180-y","volume":"8","author":"RD Tucker-Seeley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tucker-Seeley RD, Marshall G, Yang F. Hardship among older adults in the HRS: exploring measurement differences across socio-demographic characteristics. Race Soc Probl. 2016;8:222\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12552-016-9180-y.","journal-title":"Race Soc Probl"},{"key":"2103_CR53","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing 2025. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2025."},{"key":"2103_CR54","volume-title":"Mplus user\u2019s guide","author":"LK Muth\u00e9n","year":"1998","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n LK, Muth\u00e9n BO. Mplus user\u2019s guide. Eglish Edition. Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n; 1998.","edition":"Eglish Edition"},{"key":"2103_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.9.4.466","volume":"9","author":"DB Flora","year":"2004","unstructured":"Flora DB, Curran PJ. An empirical evaluation of alternative methods of estimation for confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data. Psychol Methods. 2004;9:466\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1082-989X.9.4.466.","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"2103_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","volume":"6","author":"L Hu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model. 1999;6:1\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705519909540118.","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model"},{"key":"2103_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701301834","volume":"14","author":"FF Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen FF. Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Struct Equ Model. 2007;14:464\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705510701301834.","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model"},{"key":"2103_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0902_5","volume":"9","author":"GW Cheung","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cheung GW, Rensvold RB. Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Struct Equ Model. 2002;9:233\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15328007SEM0902_5.","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model"},{"key":"2103_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.1.83","volume":"7","author":"DP MacKinnon","year":"2002","unstructured":"MacKinnon DP, Lockwood CM, Hoffman JM, West SG, Sheets V. A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychol Methods. 2002;7:83\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1082-989X.7.1.83.","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"2103_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164415593777","volume":"76","author":"C Leth-Steensen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leth-Steensen C, Gallitto E. Testing mediation in structural equation modeling. Educ Psychol Meas. 2016;76:339\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0013164415593777.","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Meas"},{"key":"2103_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e764","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.20.00601","volume":"17","author":"S Giri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giri S, Clark D, Al-Obaidi M, Varnado W, Kumar S, Paluri R, et al. Financial distress among older adults with cancer. JCO Oncol Pract. 2021;17:e764\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/OP.20.00601.","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pract"},{"key":"2103_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.23.00833","volume":"21","author":"M-H Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen M-H, Zhao J, Ogongo MK, Han X, Zheng Z, Yabroff KR. Associations of financial hardship and health status, social functioning, and mental health among cancer survivors in the United States: findings from a nationally representative study. JCO Oncol Pract. 2025;21:78\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/OP.23.00833.","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pract"},{"key":"2103_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30496","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.30496","volume":"70","author":"EM Evans","year":"2023","unstructured":"Evans EM, Lin J, Sanchez-Alvarez J, Agrawal AK, Winestone LE. Disparities in household material hardship, financial toxicity, and income loss in pediatric cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2023;70:e30496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pbc.30496.","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"2103_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e364","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00320-0","volume":"24","author":"J Ritter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ritter J, Allen S, Cohen PD, Fajardo AF, Marx K, Loggetto P, et al. Financial hardship in families of children or adolescents with cancer: a systematic literature review. Lancet Oncol. 2023;24:e364\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00320-0.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2103_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-23-0290","volume":"32","author":"JM Hodge","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hodge JM, Patel AV, Islami F, Jemal A, Hiatt RA. Educational attainment and cancer incidence in a large nationwide prospective cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2023;32:1747\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-23-0290.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2103_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.2307\/2676303","volume":"41","author":"RA Miech","year":"2000","unstructured":"Miech RA, Shanahan MJ. Socioeconomic status and depression over the life course. J Health Soc Behav. 2000;41:162\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2676303.","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"2103_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2019.100392","volume":"7","author":"H Niemeyer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Niemeyer H, Bieda A, Michalak J, Schneider S, Margraf J. Education and mental health: do psychosocial resources matter? SSM Popul Health. 2019;7:100392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2019.100392.","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"key":"2103_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1894","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1894","volume":"30","author":"S Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou S, Gao L, Liu F, Tian W, Jin Y, Zheng Z. Socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms in older people with the mediation role of social support: a population-based longitudinal study. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2021;30:e1894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mpr.1894.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2103_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34220","volume":"128","author":"KL Corrigan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Corrigan KL, Fu S, Chen Y-S, Kaiser K, Roth M, Peterson SK, et al. Financial toxicity impact on younger vs. older adults with cancer in the setting of care delivery. Cancer. 2022;128:2455\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.34220.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2103_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1089\/jayao.2019.0051","volume":"9","author":"HK Kaddas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaddas HK, Pannier ST, Mann K, Waters AR, Salmon S, Tsukamoto T, et al. Age-related differences in financial toxicity and unmet resource needs among adolescent and young adult cancer patients. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol. 2020;9:105\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jayao.2019.0051.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol"},{"key":"2103_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2019.7305","volume":"17","author":"GL Smith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smith GL, Lopez-Olivo MA, Advani PG, Ning MS, Geng Y, Giordano SH, et al. Financial burdens of cancer treatment: a systematic review of risk factors and outcomes. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2019;17:1184\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6004\/jnccn.2019.7305.","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"2103_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4261","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1671","volume":"7","author":"TA Hastert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hastert TA, Young GS, Pennell ML, Padamsee T, Zafar SY, DeGraffinreid C, et al. Financial burden among older, long\u2010term cancer survivors: results from the LILAC study. Cancer Med. 2018;7:4261\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.1671.","journal-title":"Cancer Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cancer Survivorship"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11764-026-02103-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11764-026-02103-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11764-026-02103-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T02:48:09Z","timestamp":1786934889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11764-026-02103-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["2103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11764-026-02103-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-2259","1932-2267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-2259","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-2267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The University of Texas at Austin\u2019s Research Ethics Committee has confirmed that no ethical approval is required.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}