{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:20:03Z","timestamp":1791102003790,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Children's Orthopaedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to establish ranges of angular variation in lordotic and kyphotic curves in normal male and female children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We developed a pantograph to measure dorsal curves. It consisted of a tripod-supported vertical strut to which an articulated bar was fixed and which had an arm that was able to follow the dorsal surface while moving up and down. This arm was positioned over the C7 spinous process and followed spinous processes to L5 at constant speed. A laser beam was used to ensure the proper positioning of the pantograph and the subject. The motion was recorded using software so that the dorsal outline was represented on a computer screen, and lordotic and kyphotic curves were automatically measured. Before performing the population study, the pantograph was validated in 20 normal subjects by comparing the pantograph measurements with lateral spine radiographs. There were no statistically significant differences in the measurements. There were 718 subjects with no race selection, of whom 350 were males and 368 females ranging in age from 5 to 20 years and presenting normal weight and height. Individuals with generalized ligament laxity, trunk asymmetry, muscle retraction, or any orthopedic anomaly were excluded from the study. Data were analyzed according to age and gender. Student's\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests and regression analysis were performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kyphotic curves increased linearly from 25\u00b0 at 7 years of age to 38\u00b0 at 19 years of age (kyphotic angle = 25\u00b0 + 0.58 \u00d7 age). Lordotic curves increased linearly from 22\u00b0 at 5 years of age to 32\u00b0 at 20 years of age (lordotic angle = 24\u00b0 + 0.51 \u00d7 age). There were no differences between males and females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pantograph that was developed for this study was successfully used to establish the normal ranges and progression of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in the studied population. Both curves increased linearly with age, with no differences between males and females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-007-0033-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,27]],"date-time":"2007-07-27T08:00:55Z","timestamp":1185523255000},"page":"187-193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Development and evaluation of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis during growth"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Carlos Alberto","family":"Giglio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Batista","family":"Volpon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Bioengineering, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"565","article-title":"The human vertebral column at the end of the embryonic period proper. I. The column as a whole","volume":"131","author":"O'Rahilly R","year":"1980","unstructured":"O'Rahilly R, , Muller F, , Meyer DB. The human vertebral column at the end of the embryonic period proper. I. The column as a whole. J Anat (1980); 131: 565\u2013575","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"777","article-title":"A radiographic study of the fetal spine. I. The development of the secondary cervical curvature","volume":"123","author":"Badnall KM","year":"1977","unstructured":"Badnall KM, , Harris PF, , Jones PRN. A radiographic study of the fetal spine. I. The development of the secondary cervical curvature. J Anat (1977); 123: 777\u2013782","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","first-page":"250","article-title":"Postural aspects of the human fetal spine: morphometric and functional study","volume":"7","author":"Panattoni GL","year":"1988","unstructured":"Panattoni GL, , Todros T. Postural aspects of the human fetal spine: morphometric and functional study. Panminerva Med (1988); 7: 250\u2013253","journal-title":"Panminerva Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198609000-00034"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000149074.21550.32"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09833.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Segmental analysis of the sagittal plane alignment of the normal thoracic and lumbar spines and thoracolumbar junction","volume":"7","author":"Bernhardt M","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bernhardt M, , Bridwell KH. Segmental analysis of the sagittal plane alignment of the normal thoracic and lumbar spines and thoracolumbar junction. Spine (1989); 7: 17\u2013721","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198207000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198511000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-78522006000400003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199702150-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200210010-00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678108992142"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198305000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198906000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control Prevention-CDC. National Center for Health Statistics-NCHS. Clinical growth charts (2000) Available in: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/nhanes\/growthcharts\/set1clinical\/cj41l021.pdf. Accessed on 4 March 2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.52B4.704"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200009010-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(96)80342-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02841859009177473"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199206000-00039"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.134.5.979"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","first-page":"213","article-title":"Sagittal plane alignment of the spine and gravity: a radiological and clinical evaluation","volume":"71","author":"Legaye J","year":"2005","unstructured":"Legaye J, , Duval-Beaupere G. Sagittal plane alignment of the spine and gravity: a radiological and clinical evaluation. Acta Orthop Belg (2005); 71: 213\u2013220","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Children's Orthopaedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11832-007-0033-5","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1007\/s11832-007-0033-5","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11832-007-0033-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:07:44Z","timestamp":1777388864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s11832-007-0033-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s11832-007-0033-5"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11832-007-0033-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-2521","1863-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-2521","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}}}