{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T17:18:12Z","timestamp":1784999892287,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Children's Orthopaedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>T-condylar fractures of the distal humerus are infrequent injuries in children. There are little data regarding outcomes in this age group. The adult literature demonstrates a high rate of postinjury stiffness. We describe a large series of T-condylar fractures in children and set out to identify factors that influence the postoperative range of motion (ROM) in children. Our hypothesis was that starting motion early (&lt;3 weeks) would favorably influence the postoperative ROM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients were identified based on the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code for ORIF of supracondylar distal humerus fractures with intracondylar extension (24546). Patient records and radiographs were reviewed to determine the demographics, fracture characteristics, surgical approach and fixation, and postoperative immobilization time. Our outcome measure was ROM in flexion\/extension at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and final follow-up. Patients were analyzed by Morrey's criteria of \u221230\u00b0 extension and 130\u00b0 flexion to assess for postoperative elbow stiffness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-eight potential patients from 1992 to 2010 were identified with specific T-condylar patterns. Twelve patients were excluded due to insufficient follow-up or lack of final ROM data. Our cohort included 26 patients (average age 13.4 years). The average postoperative immobilization time was 3.4 weeks (range 0.9\u221212 weeks). At the final follow-up, patients had \u221212\u00b0 average extension and 130\u00b0 average flexion. Nine patients (35 %) were stiff and 17 patients (65 %) had functional motion postoperatively. At 3 and 6 months, starting motion early yielded better flexion and extension ROM. Late-motion patients obtained similar results at the 1-year follow-up. Open fractures, gender, and age were all not significantly associated with elbow stiffness in our series, given the limited numbers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early ROM was associated with an earlier gain of functional motion without clear adverse consequences. Despite similar findings at the final follow-up, practitioners should consider instituting early ROM protocols to decrease the duration of stiffness and potential disability for the child and the family.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-014-0576-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,18]],"date-time":"2014-03-18T07:30:56Z","timestamp":1395127856000},"page":"161-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["T-condylar fractures of the distal humerus in children: Does early motion affect final range of motion?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Beck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue South, Suite R200, 55454, Minneapolis, MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore J.","family":"Ganley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd., 19104, Philadelphia, PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, 6701 Fannin St. CCC650.01, 77030, TX, Houston USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd., 19104, Philadelphia, PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaimo","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 2 Silverstein, 19104, Philadelphia, PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd., 19104, Philadelphia, PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd., 19104, Philadelphia, PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-s11832-014-0576-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1958.02990030018005"},{"key":"bibr2-s11832-014-0576-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1764-5"},{"key":"bibr3-s11832-014-0576-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2002.119390"},{"key":"bibr4-s11832-014-0576-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199211000-00016"},{"key":"bibr5-s11832-014-0576-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198264070-00021"},{"key":"bibr6-s11832-014-0576-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218810405002632"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr7-s11832-014-0576-1","first-page":"E33","volume":"39","author":"Moulton DL","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead 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