{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:09:13Z","timestamp":1777496953038,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Children's Orthopaedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The nonspecific terms \u201cwrist sprain\u201d and \u201csuspected occult bony injury\u201d are frequently documented as diagnoses in occult paediatric wrist injuries. To date, however, no one has accurately defined their true underlying pathology. The primary objective of this study was to identify the true pathoanatomy of occult acute paediatric wrist injuries. Our secondary objective was to compare our findings with existing adult data in order to determine any population differences that might be clinically relevant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a single-centre retrospective case series evaluating MRI findings in acute paediatric wrist injuries presenting to the hand injury unit between 2011 and 2014. All patients underwent standardised radiographs of the wrist and, where clinically indicated, of the scaphoid. Where no bony anomaly was identified, MRI scanning was offered. Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to calculate the agreement between clinical and MRI diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>57 patients met the final inclusion criteria. Occult fractures and bony contusions comprised the majority of the pathologies, at 36.5 and 35.0 %, respectively. There were no cases of isolated soft-tissue injury. MRI effected management change in 35.1 % of cases. Paediatric wrists demonstrated differences in injury pattern and distribution when compared to an adult population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study defines for the first time the true pathology of occult paediatric wrist injuries. The current definition of a wrist sprain was not applicable to a single case and therefore appears to be inappropriate for use in the paediatric population. A precise knowledge of the likely pathology facilitates accurate information delivery whilst reducing parental uncertainty and treatment variation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-016-0735-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T12:17:09Z","timestamp":1461845829000},"page":"227-233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Defining occult injuries of the distal forearm and wrist in children"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Elvey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, University College London Hospital, 250 Euston Road, NW1 2PG, London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, University College London Hospital, 250 Euston Road, NW1 2PG, London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erez","family":"Avisar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hand Surgery Unit, Asaf Haroffeh Medical Centre, POB 70300, Zerifin Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. J.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Wellhouse Lane, EN5 3DJ, Barnet, Hertfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Sorene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, University College London Hospital, 250 Euston Road, NW1 2PG, London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-s11832-016-0735-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilula LA, Mann FA, Dobyns JH, Yin Y (2002) Wrist terminology as defined by the international wrist Investigators\u2019 workshop (IWIW). J Bone Joint Surg 84 (suppl 1):S1\u2013S66","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200200001-00002"},{"key":"bibr2-s11832-016-0735-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"bibr3-s11832-016-0735-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.10.1085"},{"key":"bibr4-s11832-016-0735-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(05)70271-4"},{"key":"bibr5-s11832-016-0735-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.01.104"},{"key":"bibr6-s11832-016-0735-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-003-0321-4"},{"key":"bibr7-s11832-016-0735-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2401050412"},{"key":"bibr8-s11832-016-0735-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.05.011"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr9-s11832-016-0735-7","first-page":"437","volume":"81","author":"Furlow B","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiol Technol"},{"key":"bibr10-s11832-016-0735-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196345030-00019"},{"key":"bibr11-s11832-016-0735-7","unstructured":"Herring JA, Tachdjian MO (2008) Tachdjian's pediatric orthopaedics, 4th edn. In: John Anthony Herring (eds) Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia[Edinburgh]"},{"key":"bibr12-s11832-016-0735-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-009-0827-5"},{"key":"bibr13-s11832-016-0735-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2012.06.028"},{"key":"bibr14-s11832-016-0735-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogden JA (2000) Skeletal injury in the child, 3rd edn. Springer, New York","DOI":"10.1007\/b97655"},{"key":"bibr15-s11832-016-0735-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.04.015"}],"container-title":["Journal of Children's Orthopaedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11832-016-0735-7","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11832-016-0735-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1007\/s11832-016-0735-7","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11832-016-0735-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:05:14Z","timestamp":1777388714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s11832-016-0735-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s11832-016-0735-7"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11832-016-0735-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-2521","1863-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-2521","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}}}