{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T11:06:36Z","timestamp":1774436796231,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ir J Med Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-020-02452-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T23:03:06Z","timestamp":1609974186000},"page":"1271-1274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Active vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 infections: review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"190","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8657-1530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nakhoul","family":"Farid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nakhoul","family":"Rola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elias A. T.","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nakhoul","family":"Nakhoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2452_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-020-03263-6","volume":"87","author":"T Singhal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singhal T (2020) A review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr 87(4):281\u2013286","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2452_CR2","first-page":"47","volume":"77","author":"E Sifuentes-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sifuentes-Rodr\u00edguez E, Palacios-Reyes D (2020) COVID-19: the outbreak caused by a new coronavirus. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 77(2):47\u201353","journal-title":"Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex"},{"key":"2452_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102433","volume":"109","author":"HA Rothan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN (2020) The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun 109:102433","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2452_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berlin DA, Roy M, Gulick RM, Martinez FJ (2020) Severe Covid-19. NEJM","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2009575"},{"key":"2452_CR5","unstructured":"Beigel OH, Tomashek KM, Dodd LE, et al. (2020) for the ACTT-1 study group members. Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19 \u2014 preliminary report. NEJM, May."},{"issue":"9","key":"2452_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2012.688897","volume":"55","author":"P Borel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Borel P, Caillaud D, Cano NJ (2015) Vitamin D bioavailability: state of the art. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 55(9):1193\u20131205","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"2452_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30183-2","volume":"8","author":"F Mitchell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mitchell F (2020) Vitamin-D and COVID-19: do deficient risk a poorer outcome? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 8(7):570","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"2452_CR8","unstructured":"Nurshad A (2020) Role of vitamin D in preventing of COVID-19 infection, progression and severity. J Infect Public Health. 20;S1876-0341(20)30531-1"},{"issue":"4","key":"2452_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3011","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7043011","volume":"7","author":"MT Cantorna","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cantorna MT, Snyder L, Lin YD et al (2015) Vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2D regulation of T cells. Nutrients 7(4):3011\u20133021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2452_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00151","volume":"5","author":"RF Chun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chun RF, Liu PT, Modlin RL et al (2014) Impact of vitamin D on immune function: lessons learned from genome-wide analysis. Front. Physiol. 5:151","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"2452_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baeke F, Takiishi T, Korf H, Gysemans C, Mathieu C (2010) Vitamin D: modulator of the immune system. Curr Opin Pharmacol. (4):482\u2013496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2010.04.001"},{"key":"2452_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gim\u00e9nez VMM, Sanz RL, Mar\u00f3n FJM, Ferder L, Manucha W (2020) Vitamin D-RAAS connection: an integrative standpoint into cardiovascular and neuroinflammatory disorders. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 21(Jun 6)","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203721666200606220719"},{"issue":"3","key":"2452_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12159","volume":"169","author":"AC Sim\u00f5es e Silva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sim\u00f5es e Silva AC, Silveira KD, Ferreira AJ et al (2013) ACE2, angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas receptor axis in inflammation and fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol. 169(3):477\u2013492","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."},{"key":"2452_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2008975","volume":"382","author":"HR Reynolds","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reynolds HR, Adhikari S, Pulgarin C (2020) Renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system inhibitors and risk of Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 382:2441\u20132448","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2452_CR15","first-page":"2006","volume":"24","author":"S Kannan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kannan S, Shaik Syed AP, Sheeza A et al (2020) COVID-19 (Novel Coronavirus 2019) - recent trend, review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 24(4):2006\u20132011","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci."},{"key":"2452_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2015432","volume":"383","author":"M Ackermann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ackermann M, Verleden SE, Kuehnel M, Haverich A, Welte T, Laenger F, Vanstapel A, Werlein C, Stark H, Tzankov A, Li WW, Li VW, Mentzer SJ, Jonigk D (2020) Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 383:120\u2013128","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2452_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bourgonje AR, Abdulle AE, Timens W et al. (2020) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 and the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Pathol.","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5471"},{"key":"2452_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zemb P, Bergman P , Camargo CA Jr et al (2020) Cavalier E , Cormier C, Courbebaisse M , et al. Vitamin D deficiency and the COVID-19 pandemic. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 22:133-134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.05.006"},{"key":"2452_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nfs.2020.06.001","volume":"20","author":"HK Biesalski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Biesalski HK (2020) Vitamin D deficiency and co-morbidities in COVID-19 patients \u2013 a fatal relationship? Nfs Journal 20:10\u201321","journal-title":"Nfs Journal"},{"key":"2452_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"GE Carpagnano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carpagnano GE, Di Lecce V, Quaranta VN et al (2020) Vitamin D deficiency as a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19. J Endocrinol Invest 9:1\u20137","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"2452_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12040988","volume":"12","author":"WB Grant","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL et al (2020) Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients 12(4):988","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"2452_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/1753944715578056","volume":"9","author":"A Mendoza","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mendoza A, Lazartigues E (2015) The compensatory renin-angiotensin system in the central regulation of arterial pressure: new avenues and new challenges. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 9(4):201\u2013208","journal-title":"Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2452_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6583","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i6583","volume":"356","author":"AR Martineau","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martineau AR (2017) Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. BMJ. 356:6583\u20136594","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"4","key":"2452_CR24","first-page":"e107","volume":"20","author":"EK Weir","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weir EK, Thenappan T, Bhargava M et al (2020) Does vitamin D deficiency increase the severity of COVID-19? Clin Med (Lond) Jul 20(4):e107\u2013e108","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond) Jul"},{"issue":"3","key":"2452_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.2003.03011","volume":"30","author":"DG Ahn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahn DG, Shin HJ, Kim MH et al (2020) Current status of epidemiology, diagnosis, therapeutics, and vaccines for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Microbiol Biotechnol 30(3):313\u2013324","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2452_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2019722","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.19722","volume":"3","author":"DO Meltzer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meltzer DO, Best TJ, Zhang H et al (2020) Original investigation. Infectious diseases association of vitamin D status and other clinical characteristics with COVID-19 test results. JAMA Network Open 3(9):e2019722","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"2452_CR27","first-page":"10","volume":"38","author":"B Shanmugaraj","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shanmugaraj B, Siriwattananon K, Wangkanont K (2020) Perspectives on monoclonal antibody therapy as potential therapeutic intervention for Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 38(1):10\u201318","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2452_CR28","unstructured":"Jackson LA, Anderson EJ, Rouphael NG et al (2020) An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 \u2014 preliminary report, for the mRNA-1273 Study Group. NEJM:14"}],"container-title":["Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11845-020-02452-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11845-020-02452-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11845-020-02452-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T03:19:38Z","timestamp":1697512778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11845-020-02452-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11845-020-02452-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-1265","1863-4362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-1265","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-4362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}