{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T06:23:10Z","timestamp":1780726990743,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648252800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010547","name":"Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-01-04-006-R2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-01-04-006-R2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009169","name":"Assiut University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009169","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ir J Med Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Meningitis is one of the most dangerous infection affecting children. The need for rapid and accurate diagnosis is mandatory for improving the outcome.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Aim of the work<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To evaluate the role of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in diagnosis of meningitis either bacterial or viral and to detect its accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was carried out in University Children Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, between November 2019 and September 2020. The study was approved by the Ethics Review Board of Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, and informed written consent was obtained. The committee\u2019s reference number is 17200161. Clinicaltrails.gov ID: NCT03387969. Forty-eight children aged 2 to 18\u00a0years with meningitis were included. Detailed history and examination, blood glucose level at time of admission prior to lumbar puncture, and multiplex PCR in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The mean age of children was 3.27\u2009\u00b1\u20091.27\u00a0years. Thirty-five (72.9%) cases were bacterial meningitis while 13 (27.1%) cases were viral meningitis. Multiplex PCR had 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Multiplex PCR may help in diagnosis and differentiation of bacterial and viral meningitis with accurate and rapid results.<\/jats:p>\n              <jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Rapid and accurate diagnosis is mandatory for successful treatment of meningitis.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Differentiation between bacterial and viral meningitis is important to avoid unnecessary treatment.<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Multiplex PCR is an important marker for rapid detection of meningitis.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Multiplex PCR may be used to differentiate between bacterial and non-bacterial cause of meningitis.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-022-02983-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T00:03:25Z","timestamp":1648253005000},"page":"403-407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of the accuracy of multiplex polymerase chain reaction in differentiation between bacterial and viral meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Mahmoud Abdelfattah","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamal A.","family":"Askar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hekma S.","family":"Farghaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa O.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia T.","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shorook S.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8252-9220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismail L.","family":"Mohamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2983_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao Jing-Li, Chun-Zhen Hua, Yong-Ping Xie et al (2021) Diagnostic yield of multiplex PCR method in cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of purulent meningitis in children. J Pediat Infecti Dis.\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1719163","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1719163"},{"key":"2983_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dashti AS, Alizadeh S, Karimi A et al (2017) Diagnostic value of lactate, procalcitonin, ferritin, serum-C-reactive protein, and other biomarkers in bacterial and viral meningitis: a cross-sectional study. Medicine 96(35):e7637","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000007637"},{"key":"2983_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sacchi CT, Fukasawa LO, Gon\u00e7alves MG et al (2011) Incorporation of real-time PCR into routine public health surveillance of culture negative bacterial meningitis in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. PloS One 6:e20675","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020675"},{"key":"2983_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albuquerque RC, Moreno ACR, Dos Santos SR et al (2019) Multiplex-PCR for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Brazil J Microbiol Public Brazil Soc Microbiol 50:435\u2013443","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-019-00055-9"},{"key":"2983_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00730-16","volume":"54","author":"AL Leber","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leber AL, Everhart K, Balada-Llasat JM et al (2016) Holt Multicenter evaluation of BioFire FilmArray Meningitis\/Encephalitis Panel for detection of bacteria, viruses, and yeast in cerebrospinal fluid specimens. J Clin Microbiol 54:2251\u20132261","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2983_CR6","first-page":"52","volume":"5","author":"S Chaudhary","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chaudhary S, Chaudhary A (2017) Role of CSF-CRP in diagnosis of meningitis. 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The committee\u2019s reference number is 17200161. Clinicaltrails.gov ID: NCT03387969.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants, or their caregivers, included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent for publication was taken from all participants.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors do not have potential conflict of interest. All authors have read and agreed with the content of this study and no portion of this work has been published previously or is under consideration for publication elsewhere and is an original article.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}