{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T11:25:23Z","timestamp":1784805923861,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012921","name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ir J Med Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cosmetic tourism is an increasingly common phenomenon, both in Ireland and internationally. Complications associated with procedures performed abroad may manifest after the patient has traveled back to their home country with patients often presenting to local health services. Such complications can be infectious in nature requiring either antimicrobial therapy and\/or source control in the form of wound debridement or radiologically guided interventional procedures.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients who had presented to a regional plastic surgery unit between September 2021 and December 2022 with complications related to aesthetic procedures performed outside Ireland were identified in this retrospective-prospective design. Medical records were reviewed to ascertain what procedures were performed, where the procedure had taken place, the nature of complications, and microbial culture and sensitivity results.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Thirty patients were identified during the study timeframe, predominantly female (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928) with a mean age of 40.27\u00a0years (SD 10.6). Abdominoplasty was the most common procedure (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200917), and Turkey was the most frequently cited destination (70%). Wound dehiscence accounted for the majority of complications (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918). Wound cultures were obtained in 80% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924) of patients and a causative organism was isolated in 85% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200934) of cultures. Eighteen species of bacteria were identified and antimicrobial sensitivities were obtained for 16 of these. Antimicrobial resistance to commonly prescribed empiric antibiotics was noted in several isolates.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Post-operative infections related to cosmetic tourism are a growing concern in plastic surgery. The bacterial etiology is varied, and antimicrobial resistance poses significant challenges, highlighting the need for early intervention and wound cultures to guide effective management.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-024-03800-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T06:02:32Z","timestamp":1725948152000},"page":"2949-2954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The microbial etiology and resistance patterns of cosmetic tourism-related infections in Ireland"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"193","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4175-3386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Keane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aoife A.","family":"Feeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu Ying","family":"Chee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiachra","family":"Sheil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"O\u2019Gorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eoghan","family":"O\u2019Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin C.","family":"Cahill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"3800_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2011.07.027","volume":"65","author":"K Miyagi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miyagi K, Auberson D, Patel AJ, Malata CM (2012) The unwritten price of cosmetic tourism: an observational study and cost analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 65:22\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2011.07.027","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"3800_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.10.002","volume":"61","author":"R Jeevan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jeevan R, Armstrong A (2008) Cosmetic tourism and the burden on the NHS. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 61:1423\u20131424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.10.002","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"3800_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2021.12.007","volume":"20","author":"S Rafeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rafeh S, Tara MC, Michael F et al (2022) An analysis of the cost and impact of cosmetic tourism and its associated complications: a multi institutional study. Surgeon 20:339\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surge.2021.12.007","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"key":"3800_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2022.01.040","volume":"75","author":"D Murphy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Murphy D, Lane-O\u2019Neill B, Dempsey MP (2022) COVID-19 and cosmetic tourism: a Google trends analysis of public interests and the experience from a tertiary plastic surgery centre. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 75:1497\u20131520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2022.01.040","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"3800_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaa092","volume":"41","author":"C Venditto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Venditto C, Gallagher M, Hettinger P et al (2021) Complications of cosmetic surgery tourism: case series and cost analysis. Aesthet Surg J 41:627\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjaa092","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"3800_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1097\/prs.0000000000005014","volume":"142","author":"P Padilla","year":"2018","unstructured":"Padilla P, Ly P, Dillard R et al (2018) Medical tourism and postoperative infections: a systematic literature review of causative organisms and empiric treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg 142:1644\u20131651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/prs.0000000000005014","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"3800_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-021-02251-1","volume":"45","author":"S McCrossan","year":"2021","unstructured":"McCrossan S, Martin S, Hill C (2021) Medical tourism in aesthetic breast surgery: a systematic review. Aesthetic Plast Surg 45:1895\u20131909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-021-02251-1","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"3800_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-019-01571-7","volume":"44","author":"CM Asher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Asher CM, Fleet M, Jivraj B, Bystrzonowski N (2020) Cosmetic tourism: a costly filler within the national health service budget or a missed financial opportunity? A local cost analysis and examination of the literature. Aesthetic Plast Surg 44:586\u2013594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-019-01571-7","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"3800_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1097\/sap.0000000000000745","volume":"77","author":"SS Cai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cai SS, Chopra K, Lifchez SD (2016) Management of Mycobacterium abscessus infection after medical tourism in cosmetic surgery and a review of literature. Ann Plast Surg 77:678\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/sap.0000000000000745","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"3800_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.013","volume":"75","author":"P Varma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Varma P, Kiely J, Giblin AV (2022) Cosmetic tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic: dealing with the aftermath. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 75:506\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.013","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"3800_CR11","unstructured":"British Association of Plastic RaAS Cosmetic Surgery Abroad. Accessed 03\/04\/2024 2024"},{"key":"3800_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjw198","volume":"37","author":"HJ Klein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Klein HJ, Simic D, Fuchs N et al (2017) Complications after cosmetic surgery tourism. Aesthet Surg J 37:474\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjw198","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"3800_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit540","volume":"57","author":"LH Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen LH, Wilson ME (2013) The globalization of healthcare: implications of medical tourism for the infectious disease clinician. Clin Infect Dis 57:1752\u20131759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cit540","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3800_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir273","volume":"53","author":"BA Rogers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rogers BA, Aminzadeh Z, Hayashi Y, Paterson DL (2011) Country-to-country transfer of patients and the risk of multi-resistant bacterial infection. Clin Infect Dis 53:49\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cir273","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3800_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2017.10.023","volume":"71","author":"ZN Ovadja","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ovadja ZN, Sluijmer H, Moerman E et al (2018) Rapidly growing mycobacteria infections among \u201ccosmetic tourists\u201d returning to the Netherlands. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 71:265\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2017.10.023","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"3800_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3138\/jammi-2021-0015","volume":"7","author":"PD Robinson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Robinson PD, Vaughan S, Missaghi B et al (2022) A case series of infectious complications in medical tourists requiring hospital admission or outpatient home parenteral therapy. J Assoc Med Microbiol Infect Dis Can 7:64\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3138\/jammi-2021-0015","journal-title":"J Assoc Med Microbiol Infect Dis Can"},{"key":"3800_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/dss.0000000000001929","volume":"46","author":"SF Jabbour","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jabbour SF, Malek AE, Kechichian EG et al (2020) Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections after cosmetic procedures: a systematic review and management algorithm. Dermatol Surg 46:116\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/dss.0000000000001929","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"3800_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0904","volume":"152","author":"SI Berr\u00edos-Torres","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berr\u00edos-Torres SI, Umscheid CA, Bratzler DW et al (2017) Centers for disease control and prevention guideline for the prevention of surgical site infection, 2017. JAMA Surg 152:784\u2013791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0904","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"3800_CR19","first-page":"809","volume":"116","author":"A Dhannoon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dhannoon A, Atukoralalage U, Dhannoon A et al (2023) Challenges associated with global bariatric medical tourism. Ir Med J 116:809","journal-title":"Ir Med J"}],"container-title":["Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11845-024-03800-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11845-024-03800-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11845-024-03800-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T23:05:06Z","timestamp":1734995106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11845-024-03800-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3800"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11845-024-03800-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-1265","1863-4362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-1265","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-4362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}