{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T20:24:16Z","timestamp":1793823856801,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Dublin, Trinity College"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ir J Med Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Equestrian-related activities inherently involve the risk of serious injury. There are few reports of maxillofacial injury patterns and management arising from equestrian activities in the literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate maxillofacial fracture presentations at a tertiary trauma centre to identify injury profiles of patients who have sustained equine-based injuries over 5\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work involved a retrospective review of all trauma presentations to our unit over 5\u00a0years. The data collected included patient demographics, injury mechanisms and patterns, and management of fractures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study identified 73 patients with facial fractures resulting from activity with horses between 2020 and 2025. A total of facial fractures were recorded. The mean age was 39.5 (11\u201386) years. There were 40 (55%) males and 33 (45%) females. Mounted riders accounted for 41% of cases, with 59% being unmounted. The incidence of head injury was 5%. A further 5% had an associated spinal injury. The most common specific mechanism of maxillofacial injury was a direct kick, in 55% of cases. The most commonly affected facial region was the middle third (81%), with zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures most commonly recorded (39%). There was a statistically significant increase in the risk of head injury associated with frontal bone fracture in this group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Activities involving horses pose a high risk of maxillofacial injury. Education should be promoted to increase the usage of helmets with a particular design to protect the facial skeleton, whether mounted or unmounted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-025-03995-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T03:53:50Z","timestamp":1752292430000},"page":"1339-1346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Equestrian-related maxillofacial injuries\u2014a five-year retrospective review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"194","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2735-9277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Maloney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Seo","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Kearns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4457-7584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Conor","family":"Bowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"3995_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Corbally A, Quinn K, Fahey A (2012) Economic contribution of the sport horse industry to the Irish economy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.1.1662.4800","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.1.1662.4800"},{"issue":"10","key":"3995_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1984.tb113173.x","volume":"141","author":"DJ Pounder","year":"1984","unstructured":"Pounder DJ (1984) \u201cThe grave yawns for the horseman\u201d: equestrian deaths in South Australia 1973\u20131983. 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