{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:12:55Z","timestamp":1790107975732,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ir J Med Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-025-04014-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T09:46:25Z","timestamp":1753782385000},"page":"1787-1795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The effect of cold needle on the development of pain and ecchymosis in subcutaneous heparin injection in adults: a prospective, randomised controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"194","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8242-0110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1050-8804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zlem","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4529-1991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatice Y\u00fcceler","family":"Ka\u00e7maz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2664-2462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gizem Nur","family":"Tosun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2523-1369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatih","family":"Dal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4014_CR1","first-page":"406","volume":"6","author":"N Turan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Turan N, Ayd\u0131n G\u00d6, Kaya N (2019) Current approaches to subcutaneous injection. J Health Sci Prof 6(2):406\u2013411","journal-title":"J Health Sci Prof"},{"key":"4014_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-019-01101-6","volume":"36","author":"I Usach","year":"2019","unstructured":"Usach I et al (2019) Subcutaneous injection of drugs: literature review of factors influencing pain sensation at the injection site. Adv Ther 36:2986\u20132996","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4014_CR3","first-page":"285","volume":"10","author":"B Ciftci","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ciftci B, Avsar G (2017) Assessment of three sites in terms of bruising in subcutaneous heparin administration. Int J Caring Sci 10(1):285","journal-title":"Int J Caring Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"4014_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355518813512","volume":"34","author":"S Jueakaew","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jueakaew S et al (2019) Novel subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin injection technique to reduce post-injection bruising. Phlebology 34(6):399\u2013405","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4014_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2023.01.002","volume":"41","author":"S Karada\u011f","year":"2023","unstructured":"Karada\u011f S et al (2023) Effect of cold application and compression on pain and bruising in subcutaneous heparin injection. J Vasc Nurs 41(1):22\u201326","journal-title":"J Vasc Nurs"},{"key":"4014_CR6","unstructured":"Altaie A, AbdulRazzaq H, Abd Al-hadi A (2013) Dose effect and risk factors on the severity of enoxaparin bruising side effect. Intl J Clin Pharm 35(5): 950\u2013950"},{"issue":"5","key":"4014_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0b013e3182578b87","volume":"28","author":"A Palese","year":"2013","unstructured":"Palese A et al (2013) Occurrence and extent of bruising according to duration of administration of subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin: a quasi-experimental case-crossover study. J Cardiovasc Nurs 28(5):473\u2013482","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"4014_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107602962090534","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029620905349","volume":"26","author":"H Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang H et al (2020) Effect of cold application on pain and bruising in patients with subcutaneous injection of low-molecular-weight heparin: a meta-analysis. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 26:1076029620905349","journal-title":"Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"4014_CR9","first-page":"246","volume":"10","author":"D \u0130nangil","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u0130nangil D, \u015eendir M (2017) Prevention of pain, bruise and hematoma on subcutaneous heparin injection: a systematic review. Intl Refereed J Nurs Res 10:246\u2013267","journal-title":"Intl Refereed J Nurs Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"4014_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13323","volume":"46","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Y et al (2021) Influence of low-molecular-weight heparin injection sites on local bruising and pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Pharm Ther 46(3):688\u2013697","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"4014_CR11","unstructured":"Perry AG et al (2021)\u00a0Clinical nursing skills and techniques-e-book: clinical nursing skills and techniques-e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"4014_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0276814","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276814","volume":"17","author":"K Alsbrooks","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alsbrooks K, Hoerauf K (2022) Prevalence, causes, impacts, and management of needle phobia: an international survey of a general adult population. PLoS ONE 17(11):e0276814","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4014_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237796081875944","DOI":"10.1177\/2377960818759442","volume":"4","author":"T Orenius","year":"2018","unstructured":"Orenius T et al (2018) Fear of injections and needle phobia among children and adolescents: an overview of psychological, behavioral, and contextual factors. SAGE Open Nursing 4:2377960818759442","journal-title":"SAGE Open Nursing"},{"key":"4014_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-012-1540-1","volume":"27","author":"M Suren","year":"2013","unstructured":"Suren M et al (2013) Comparison of the use of the Valsalva maneuver and the eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA\u00ae) to relieve venipuncture pain: a randomized controlled trial. J Anesth 27:407\u2013411","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"4014_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2014.03.003","volume":"16","author":"N Canbulat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Canbulat N, Ayhan F, Inal S (2015) Effectiveness of external cold and vibration for procedural pain relief during peripheral intravenous cannulation in pediatric patients. Pain Manag Nurs 16(1):33\u201339","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"4014_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2018.06.003","volume":"36","author":"Z Cengiz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cengiz Z, \u00d6zkan M (2018) Comparison of abdominal and arm areas in patients receiving subcutaneous heparin in terms of development of pain, hematoma, and ecchymosis. J Vasc Nurs 36(4):208\u2013215","journal-title":"J Vasc Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"4014_CR17","first-page":"108","volume":"4","author":"F B\u00fcy\u00fcky\u0131lmaz","year":"2018","unstructured":"B\u00fcy\u00fcky\u0131lmaz F, \u00c7ulha Y, Karaman A (2018) Safe application recommendations for prevention complications in subcutaneous drug injections. J Acad Res Nurs 4(2):108\u2013111","journal-title":"J Acad Res Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"4014_CR18","first-page":"15","volume":"1","author":"D Uzelli Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Uzelli Y\u0131lmaz D et al (2016) Effect of subcutaneous injection applied to two different areas on formation of pain and ecchymoses. \u0130zmir Katip \u00c7elebi Univ Faculty Health Sci J 1(3):15\u201320","journal-title":"\u0130zmir Katip \u00c7elebi Univ Faculty Health Sci J"},{"key":"4014_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s40271-015-0160-x","volume":"9","author":"CH Ridyard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ridyard CH et al (2016) A systematic review of patients\u2019 perspectives on the subcutaneous route of medication administration. The Patient-Patient-Centered Outcomes Res 9:281\u2013292","journal-title":"The Patient-Patient-Centered Outcomes Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"4014_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000516387.89892.ba","volume":"117","author":"K Sexson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sexson K, Lindauer A, Harvath TA (2017) Administration of subcutaneous injections. AJN Am J Nurs 117(5):S7\u2013S10","journal-title":"AJN Am J Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"4014_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-0046","volume":"167","author":"I Boutron","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boutron I et al (2017) CONSORT statement for randomized trials of nonpharmacologic treatments: a 2017 update and a CONSORT extension for nonpharmacologic trial abstracts. Ann Intern Med 167(1):40\u201347","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4014_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.5958\/2349-2996.2019.00101.0","volume":"9","author":"J Jancy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jancy J (2019) Effect of cold needle on perception of pain during intra muscular injection. Asian J Nurs Educ Res 9(4):483\u2013487","journal-title":"Asian J Nurs Educ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4014_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.22391\/920.182939","volume":"1","author":"M Arslan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arslan M et al (2016) The evaluation of the effectiveness of palliative pain management in cancer patients with visual analogue scale. Family Practice & Palliative Care 1(1):5\u20138","journal-title":"Family Practice & Palliative Care"},{"key":"4014_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00086","volume":"13","author":"AWK Yeung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yeung AWK, Wong NSM (2019) The historical roots of visual analog scale in psychology as revealed by reference publication year spectroscopy. Front Hum Neurosci 13:86","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"4014_CR25","first-page":"35","volume":"41","author":"BM Karnath","year":"2005","unstructured":"Karnath BM (2005) Easy bruising and bleeding in the adult patient: a sign of underlying disease. Hosp Physician 41:35\u201339","journal-title":"Hosp Physician"},{"issue":"11","key":"4014_CR26","first-page":"5790","volume":"14","author":"I Simeon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Simeon I, Thenmozhi P (2021) Dry cold application on pain and ecchymosis among patients receiving low molecular weight heparin. Res J Pharm Technol 14(11):5790\u20135796","journal-title":"Res J Pharm Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4014_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/NOR.0000000000000382","volume":"36","author":"P Quinlan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Quinlan P et al (2017) Effects of localized cold therapy on pain in postoperative spinal fusion patients: a randomized control trial. Orthop Nurs 36(5):344\u2013349","journal-title":"Orthop Nurs"},{"issue":"6","key":"4014_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12598","volume":"52","author":"M Mohammady","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohammady M, Sadeghi N (2020) Effect of cold application on bruising and pain following heparin subcutaneous injection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nurs Scholarsh 52(6):634\u2013642","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh"},{"key":"4014_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-018-4962-y","volume":"27","author":"E Thijs","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thijs E et al (2019) Reduced opiate use after total knee arthroplasty using computer-assisted cryotherapy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 27:1204\u20131212","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"2","key":"4014_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.5455\/sad.13-1491818424","volume":"4","author":"KY \u015eeny\u00fcz","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u015eeny\u00fcz KY, Ko\u00e7a\u015fl\u0131 S (2017) Multimodal analgesy and nursing approach in postoperative pain. J Health Acad 4(2):90\u201395","journal-title":"J Health Acad"},{"key":"4014_CR31","first-page":"9","volume":"1","author":"EA Korkan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Korkan EA, Uyar M (2014) An evidence-based approach to pain control: reflexology. Ac\u0131badem Univ Health Sci J 1:9\u201314","journal-title":"Ac\u0131badem Univ Health Sci J"},{"issue":"8","key":"4014_CR32","first-page":"1280","volume":"9","author":"M Varghese","year":"2022","unstructured":"Varghese M, Lakhani R (2022) A quasi-experimental study to assess the effect of cold application on pain and bruise associated with subcutaneous injection of low molecular weight heparin among ICU patients at selected hospitals, Navi Mumbai. Eur J Mol Clin Med 9(8):1280\u20131291","journal-title":"Eur J Mol Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4014_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1177\/1054773818825486","volume":"30","author":"N Unal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Unal N et al (2021) Effects of vapocoolant spray prior to SC LMWH injection: an experimental study. Clin Nurs Res 30(2):127\u2013134","journal-title":"Clin Nurs Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"4014_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.316","volume":"6","author":"M Lotfi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lotfi M et al (2019) Assessment of nurse\u2013patient communication and patient satisfaction from nursing care. Nurs Open 6(3):1189\u20131196","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"4014_CR35","first-page":"55","volume":"89","author":"I Balanyuk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Balanyuk I et al (2018) Distraction technique for pain reduction in peripheral venous catheterization: randomized, controlled trial. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis 89(Suppl 4):55\u201363","journal-title":"Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis"},{"key":"4014_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fidan \u00d6, \u015eanlialp Zeyrek A, Arslan S (2023) Subcutaneous injections: a cross-sectional study of knowledge and practice preferences of nurses. Contemporary Nurse 59(3): 214\u2013226","DOI":"10.1080\/10376178.2023.2209207"}],"container-title":["Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04014-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04014-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04014-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T02:01:37Z","timestamp":1761962497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04014-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["4014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04014-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-1265","1863-4362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-1265","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-4362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}