{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:57:28Z","timestamp":1790002648286,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ir J Med Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-025-04049-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T04:05:08Z","timestamp":1755230708000},"page":"1915-1921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The association between cognitive function and physical performance in established users of a lower limb prosthesis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"194","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7395-8859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senem","family":"Demirdel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahime","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5051-7492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selma","family":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2798-0649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osman","family":"S\u00f6yler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4049_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3109\/03093649609164423","volume":"20","author":"A Greive","year":"1996","unstructured":"Greive A, Lankhorst G (1996) Functional outcome of lower-limb amputees: a prospective descriptive study in a general hospital. Prosthet Orthot Int 20(2):79\u201387","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"4049_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-021-00966-9","volume":"20","author":"S Raspopovic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raspopovic S, Valle G, Petrini FM (2021) Sensory feedback for limb prostheses in amputees. Nat Mater 20(7):925\u2013939","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"issue":"10","key":"4049_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2011.12.0235","volume":"49","author":"A Sawers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sawers A, Hahn ME, Kelly VE et al (2012) Beyond componentry: how principles of motor learning can enhance locomotor rehabilitation of individuals with lower limb loss-a review. J Rehabil Res Dev 49(10):1431","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"issue":"8","key":"4049_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.24295","volume":"82","author":"WC Miller","year":"2001","unstructured":"Miller WC, Speechley M, Deathe B (2001) The prevalence and risk factors of falling and fear of falling among lower extremity amputees. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82(8):1031\u20131037","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"10","key":"4049_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2018.03.018","volume":"10","author":"C Frengopoulos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Frengopoulos C, Payne MW, Holmes JD et al (2018) Comparing the effects of dual-task gait testing in new and established ambulators with lower extremity amputations. PM&R 10(10):1012\u20131019","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"issue":"6","key":"4049_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364618785728","volume":"42","author":"SJ Morgan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morgan SJ, Hafner BJ, Kartin D, Kelly VE (2018) Dual-task standing and walking in people with lower limb amputation: a structured review. Prosthet Orthot Int 42(6):652\u2013666","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"4049_CR7","first-page":"118","volume":"28","author":"S Demirdel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Demirdel S, Erbahceci F (2017) An investigation of the effects of dual task on gait in people with trasfemoral amputation. Turk J Physiother Rehabil 28(3):118\u2013124","journal-title":"Turk J Physiother Rehabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"4049_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.02.002","volume":"19","author":"U Marusic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marusic U, Verghese J, Mahoney JRJ (2018) Cognitive-based interventions to improve mobility: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc 19(6):484\u2013491","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"4049_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.02.012","volume":"61","author":"SW Hunter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hunter SW, Frengopoulos C, Holmes J et al (2018) Dual-task related gait changes in individuals with trans-tibial lower extremity amputation. Gait Posture 61:403\u2013407","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"3","key":"4049_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.20146","volume":"14","author":"J Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim J, Kim I, Kim YE, Koh S-B (2021) The four square step test for assessing cognitively demanding dynamic balance in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. J Mov Disord 14(3):208","journal-title":"J Mov Disord"},{"key":"4049_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5582242","author":"TN Takla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Takla TN, Chargo AN, Daugherty AM, Fritz NE (2023) Cognitive contributors of backward walking in persons with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/5582242","journal-title":"Mult Scler Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"4049_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/15347346231156269","volume":"24","author":"E Dawes","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dawes E, Hewitt LL, Bliokas VV, Wilson VJ (2025) A systematic review of cognitive functioning and its relationship to outcomes following amputation secondary to vascular etiology. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 24(1):12\u201327","journal-title":"Int J Low Extrem Wounds"},{"issue":"2","key":"4049_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.09.003","volume":"99","author":"C Frengopoulos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Frengopoulos C, Payne MW, Viana R, Hunter SW (2018) MoCA domain score analysis and relation to mobility outcomes in dysvascular lower extremity amputees. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 99(2):314\u2013320","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"4049_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.06.012","volume":"98","author":"C Frengopoulos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frengopoulos C, Burley J, Viana R, Payne MW et al (2017) Association between Montreal cognitive assessment scores and measures of functional mobility in lower extremity amputees after inpatient rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 98(3):450\u2013455","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"4049_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2022.12.012","volume":"100","author":"H Omana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Omana H, Frengopoulos C, Montero-Odasso M et al (2023) Association between measures of cognitive function on physical function in novice users of a lower limb prosthesis. Gait Posture 100:120\u2013125","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"2","key":"4049_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364617695883","volume":"42","author":"DJ Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee DJ, Costello MC (2018) The effect of cognitive impairment on prosthesis use in older adults who underwent amputation due to vascular-related etiology: a systematic review of the literature. Prosthet Orthot Int 42(2):144\u2013152","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"4049_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53455.x","volume":"53","author":"SE Lamb","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lamb SE, J\u00f8rstad-Stein EC, Hauer K et al (2005) Development of a common outcome data set for fall injury prevention trials: the prevention of falls network Europe consensus. J Am Geriatr Soc 53(9):1618\u20131622","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"4049_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","volume":"53","author":"ZS Nasreddine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, B\u00e9dirian V et al (2005) The Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 53(4):695\u2013699","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"4049_CR19","first-page":"166","volume":"13","author":"K Selekler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Selekler K, Cang\u00f6z B, Ulu\u00e7 S (2010) Montreal bili\u015fsel de\u011ferlendirme \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi (MOB\u0130D)\u2019nin hafif bili\u015fsel bozukluk ve alzhe\u0131mer hastalar\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131rt edebilme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn incelenmesi. Turk J Geriatr 13(3):166\u2013171","journal-title":"Turk J Geriatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"4049_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90234-4","volume":"80","author":"T Schoppen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schoppen T, Boonstra A, Groothoff JW et al (1999) The timed \u201cup and go\u201d test: reliability and validity in persons with unilateral lower limb amputation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 80(7):825\u2013828","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"10","key":"4049_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.06.009","volume":"101","author":"S Demirdel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Demirdel S, Erbah\u00e7eci F (2020) Investigation of the effects of dual-task balance training on gait and balance in transfemoral amputees: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 101(10):1675\u20131682","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"9","key":"4049_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001183","volume":"98","author":"EH Beisheim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beisheim EH, Horne JR, Pohlig RT, Sions JM (2019) Differences in measures of strength and dynamic balance among individuals with lower-limb loss classified as functional level K3 versus K4. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 98(9):745","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"4049_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s40141-020-00274-4","volume":"8","author":"JM Sions","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sions JM, Beisheim EH, Seth M (2020) Selecting, administering, and interpreting outcome measures among adults with lower-limb loss: an update for clinicians. Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep 8:92\u2013109","journal-title":"Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"4049_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215509102947","volume":"23","author":"AH Vrieling","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vrieling AH, Van Keeken HG, Schoppen T et al (2009) Gait adjustments in obstacle crossing, gait initiation and gait termination after a recent lower limb amputation. Clin Rehabil 23(7):659\u2013671","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"issue":"44","key":"4049_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aba6635","volume":"5","author":"J Mendez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mendez J, Hood S, Gunnel A, Lenzi T (2020) Powered knee and ankle prosthesis with indirect volitional swing control enables level-ground walking and crossing over obstacles. Sci Robot 5(44):eaba6635","journal-title":"Sci Robot"},{"issue":"2","key":"4049_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/PXR.0000000000000310","volume":"48","author":"TY \u015eahan","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u015eahan TY, Arslan SA, S\u00f6yler O (2022) Investigation of the validity and reliability of the 3-meter backward walk test in high functional level adults with lower limb amputation. Prosthet Orthot Int 48(2):190\u2013195","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"4049_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.05.030","volume":"100","author":"SW Hunter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hunter SW, Bobos P, Frengopoulos C et al (2019) Cognition predicts mobility change in lower extremity amputees between discharge from rehabilitation and 4-month follow-up: a prospective cohort study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 100(11):2129\u20132135","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"4049_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.23.07812-7","volume":"59","author":"Y Kupchenko","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kupchenko Y, Dreyer-Alster S, Broscheid K-C, Kalron A (2023) Prefrontal hemodynamics during forward and backward walking, with and without a cognitive task, in people with multiple sclerosis. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 59(2):164","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"4049_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3897","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2021.1891467","volume":"44","author":"J Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim J, McDonald CL, Hafner BJ, Sawers A (2022) Fall-related events in people who are lower limb prosthesis users: the lived experience. Disabil Rehabil 44(15):3897\u20133908","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"4049_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2015.01.001","volume":"40","author":"K Knaepen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Knaepen K, Marusic U, Crea S et al (2015) Psychophysiological response to cognitive workload during symmetrical, asymmetrical and dual-task walking. Hum Mov Sci 40:248\u2013263","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4049_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2012.06.026","volume":"37","author":"V Miyasike-daSilva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miyasike-daSilva V, Tung JY, Zabukovec JR, McIlroy WE (2013) Use of mobility aids reduces attentional demand in challenging walking conditions. Gait Posture 37(2):287\u2013289","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"4049_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.09.009","volume":"58","author":"H Johansson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Johansson H, Lundin-Olsson L, Littbrand H et al (2017) Cognitive function and walking velocity in people with dementia; a comparison of backward and forward walking. Gait Posture 58:481\u2013486","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"3","key":"4049_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/TGR.0000000000000235","volume":"35","author":"S Saymuah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saymuah S, Laird H, Nitta M et al (2019) (2019) Motor, cognitive, and behavioral performance in middle-aged and older adults with multiple sclerosis. Top Geriatr Rehabil 35(3):199\u2013208","journal-title":"Top Geriatr Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"4049_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1159\/000529088","volume":"69","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Y, Zheng M, Liu J, Cao C, Ding Y (2023) Effects of cognitive training in flanker task on mobility of older adults: a randomized controlled trail. Gerontology 69(5):593\u2013602","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"9","key":"4049_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e571","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00173-2","volume":"2","author":"J Verghese","year":"2021","unstructured":"Verghese J, Mahoney JR, Ayers E et al (2021) Computerised cognitive remediation to enhance mobility in older adults: a single-blind, single-centre, randomised trial. Lancet Healthy Longev 2(9):e571\u2013e579","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"}],"container-title":["Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04049-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04049-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04049-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T02:01:25Z","timestamp":1761962485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04049-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["4049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04049-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-1265","1863-4362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-1265","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-4362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the University of Health Sciences Turkey, G\u00fclhane Scientific Research Ethics Committee, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (Decision date and number: 27.06.2022\/2022\u2013242).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}