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However, guideline adherence is a challenge worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n We aim to determine the types and effects of interventions that target healthcare professionals to improve adherence to cardiovascular disease treatment guidelines\u2014specifically for atrial fibrillation, ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, dyslipidaemia, and\/or hypertension in ambulatory care.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The following databases were searched from January 2012 to September 2023: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE,Cochrane, PsycINFO, ERIC International, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, clinicatrial.gov, and EUtrials. The search was supplemented by reviewing the reference lists of included studies, cited articles, and systematic reviews published in the field. Randomised trials, including cluster randomised trials and cross-over designs, were included. Two investigators independently extracted data and assessed study quality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Forty-six studies examining the impact of healthcare-targeted interventions on improving guideline adherence were identified. Various approaches were employed, with educational interventions being the most frequently used. Given the heterogeneity in types of intervention and outcomes reported in the included trials, a narrative synthesis of the data was difficult, and meta-analysis was not planned.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n This review demonstrates that a diverse range of interventions aimed at healthcare professionals have the potential to improve adherence to CVD guidelines, but their overall effectiveness remains mixed. To narrow the gap between best practice and real-world guideline application, effective implementation strategies must become as important as guideline development itself.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-025-04057-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T09:25:30Z","timestamp":1758705930000},"page":"2047-2077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interventions to improve adherence to clinical practice guidelines when treating cardiovascular disease: a\u00a0systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"194","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1748-4593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"McErlean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"McCollum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7391-2949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Ledwidge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5084-8507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Broughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4898-3459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoff","family":"McCombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1838-5052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5564-2890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joe","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"25","key":"4057_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","volume":"76","author":"GA Roth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato Giovanni, Ammirati Enrico, Baddour Larry M., Barengo No\u00ebl C., Beaton Andrea Z., Benjamin Emelia J., Benziger Catherine P., Bonny Aim\u00e9, Brauer Michael, Brodmann Marianne, Cahill Thomas J., Carapetis Jonathan, Catapano Alberico L., Chugh Sumeet S., Cooper Leslie T., Coresh Josef, Criqui Michael, DeCleene Nicole, Eagle Kim A., Emmons-Bell Sophia, Feigin Valery L., Fern\u00e1ndez-Sol\u00e0 Joaquim, Fowkes Gerry, Gakidou Emmanuela, Grundy Scott M., He Feng J., Howard George, Hu Frank, Inker Lesley, Karthikeyan Ganesan, Kassebaum Nicholas, Koroshetz Walter, Lavie Carl, Lloyd-Jones Donald, Lu Hong S., Mirijello Antonio, Temesgen Awoke Misganaw, Mokdad Ali, Moran Andrew E., Muntner Paul, Narula Jagat, Neal Bruce, Ntsekhe Mpiko, de Moraes Oliveira Glaucia, Otto Catherine, Owolabi Mayowa, Pratt Michael, Rajagopalan Sanjay, Reitsma Marissa, Ribeiro Antonio Luiz P., Rigotti Nancy, Rodgers Anthony, Sable Craig, Shakil Saate, Sliwa-Hahnle Karen, Stark Benjamin, Sundstr\u00f6m Johan, Timpel Patrick, Tleyjeh Imad M., Valgimigli Marco, Vos Theo, Whelton Paul K., Yacoub Magdi, Zuhlke Liesl, Murray Christopher, Fuster Valentin, Beaton Andrea, Carapetis Jonathan R., Chugh Sumeet, Criqui Michael H., DeCleene Nicole K., Fowkes F. 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Ching Patrick R, Chitheer Abdulaal, Cho So Mi Jemma, Choi Dong-Woo, Chong Bryan, Chong Chean Lin, Chopra Hitesh, Choudhari Sonali Gajanan, Choudhary Rahul, Chu Dinh-Toi, Chukwu Isaac Sunday, Chung Sheng-Chia, Cindi Zinhle, Cioffi Iolanda, Cogen Rebecca M, Columbus Alyssa, Costanzo Simona, Couto Rosa A S, Criqui Michael H, Cruz-Martins Natalia, Cuadra-Hern\u00e1ndez Silvia Magali, da Silva Alanna Gomes, Dadana Sriharsha, Dadras Omid, Dai Xiaochen, Dalal Koustuv, Dalli Lachlan L, Damiani Giovanni, D\u2019Amico Emanuele, Dandona Lalit, Dandona Rakhi, Darwish Amira Hamed, Das Saswati, Dashti Mohsen, Dashtkoohi Mohadese, Dastmardi Maedeh, Davletov Kairat, De la Cruz-G\u00f3ngora Vanessa, DeAngelo Sean, Debele Aklilu Tamire, Debopadhaya Shayom, Delgado-Enciso Ivan, Demessa Berecha Hundessa, Demetriades Andreas K, Denova-Guti\u00e9rrez Edgar, Dervi\u0161evi\u0107 Emina, Desai Hardik Dineshbhai, Desale Aragaw Tesfaw, Desta Fikreab, Devanbu Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan, Devegowda Devananda, Dewan Syed Masudur Rahman, Dhane Amol S, Dhimal Meghnath, Dhulipala Vishal R, Diaz Michael J, Diress Mengistie, Dodangeh Milad, Doegah Phidelia Theresa, Dohare Sushil, Doheim Mohamed Fahmy, Dokova Klara Georgieva, Dongarwar Deepa, D\u2019Oria Mario, Doshi Ojas Prakashbhai, Doshi Rajkumar Prakashbhai, Douiri Abdel, Dowou Robert Kokou, Dsouza Ashel Chelsea, Dsouza Haneil Larson, Dsouza Viola Savy, Duncan Bruce B, Duraes Andre Rodrigues, Dziedzic Arkadiusz Marian, Ekholuenetale Michael, El Bayoumy Ibrahim Farahat, El Sayed Zaki Maysaa, Elbarazi Iffat, El-Dahiyat Faris, Elgendy Islam Y, Elhadi Muhammed, El-Huneidi Waseem, Elmonem Mohamed A, Elmoselhi Adel B, Eltaha Chadi, Emeto Theophilus I, Esezobor Christopher Imokhuede, Esfandiari Negin, Esmaeili Zahra, Esposito Francesco, Etoom Mohammad, Fabin Natalia, Fadhil Ibtihal, Fagbamigbe Adeniyi Francis, Fagbule Omotayo Francis, Faghani Shahriar, Fahim Ayesha, Fakhradiyev Ildar Ravisovich, Falzone Luca, Fareed Mohammad, Fares Jawad, Farinha Carla 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Ramy Mohamed, Gholami Ehsan, Gholami Zainab, Ghozy Sherief, Giannoni Luza Stefano, Gilani Jaleed Ahmed, Gill Tiffany K, Gillum Richard F, Gindaba Ebisa Zerihun, Gnedovskaya Elena V, Goel Amit, Goldust Mohamad, Golechha Mahaveer, Goleij Pouya, Golinelli Davide, Gona Philimon N, Gorini Giuseppe, Goulart Alessandra C, Goulart Barbara Niegia Garcia, Gouravani Mahdi, Grivna Michal, Grosso Giuseppe, Grover Ashna, Guan Shi-Yang, Guarducci Giovanni, Guha Avirup, Guicciardi Stefano, Gulati Snigdha, Gunawardane Damitha Asanga, Guo Cui, Guo Zhifeng, Gupta Anish Kumar, Gupta Bhawna, Gupta Mohak, Gupta Rahul, Gupta Rajat Das, Gupta Sapna, Habibzadeh Farrokh, Hadi Najah R, Haghani Dogahe Mohammad, Haghi-Aminjan Hamed, Haghmorad Dariush, Haj-Mirzaian Arvin, Halimi Aram, Hamdy Nadia M, Hamidi Samer, Hamilton Erin B, Hanif Asif, Hanifi Nasrin, Hankey Graeme J, Hannan Md Abdul, Haq Zaim Anan, Hargono Arief, Harlianto Netanja I, Haro Josep Maria, Has Eka Mishbahatul Marah, Hasaballah Ahmed I, Hasan Ikramul, Hasnain Md Saquib, Hassan Ikrama, Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei Mahgol Sadat, Haubold Johannes, Havmoeller Rasmus J, Hay Simon I, Hbid Youssef, Hebert Jeffrey J, Hegazi Omar E, Heidari Mohammad, Hemmati Mehdi, Heyi Demisu Zenbaba, Hezam Kamal, Hiraike Yuta, Hoan Nguyen Quoc, Holla Ramesh, Horita Nobuyuki, Hossain Md Mahbub, Hosseinzadeh Hassan, Hosseinzadeh Mehdi, Hosseinzadeh Adli Ahmad, Hostiuc Mihaela, Hostiuc Sorin, Hu Ben, Hu Chengxi, Huang Junjie, Humayun Ayesha, Hussain Salman, Huy Le Duc, Huynh Hong-Han, Hwang Bing-Fang, Ibitoye Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda Nayu, Ikiroma Adalia, Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen, Ilic Irena M, Ilic Milena D, Imam Mohammad Tarique, Immurana Mustapha, Inbaraj Leeberk Raja, Iqhrammullah Muhammad, Iradukunda Arnaud, Irham Lalu Muhammad, Islam Md Rabiul, Ismail Faisal, Ismail Nahlah Elkudssiah, Iso Hiroyasu, Isola Gaetano, Itumalla Ramaiah, Iwagami Masao, Iwu Chidozie Declan CD, J Vinothini, Jaafari Jalil, Jacob Louis, Jafarzadeh Abdollah, Jahrami Haitham, Jain Akhil, Jain Nityanand, Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman, Jaiswal Abhishek, Jakovljevic Mihajlo, Jalilzadeh Yengejeh Reza, Janakiraman Balamurugan, Jatau Abubakar Ibrahim, Jayapal Sathish Kumar, Jayaram Shubha, Jee Sun Ha, Jeganathan Jayakumar, Jegnie Mihretu, Jema Alelign Tasew, Jeswani Bijay Mukesh, Jeyakumar Angeline, Jha Anil K, Jha Ravi Prakash, Ji Zixiang, Jiang Heng, Jin Shuai, Jin Yingzhao, Jokar Mohammad, Jonas Jost B, Joo Tamas, Jose Jobinse, Joseph Nitin, Joshua Charity Ehimwenma, Joukar Farahnaz, Jozwiak Jacek Jerzy, J\u00fcrisson Mikk, Kabir Ali, Kabir Md Awal, Kabir Zubair, Kadashetti Vidya, Kalani Rizwan, Kalra Sanjay, Kamal Vineet Kumar, Kamireddy Arun, Kan Haidong, Kanaan Mona, Kandel Himal, Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem, Kantar Rami S, Kapoor Neeti, Karakasis Paschalis, Karaye Ibraheem M, Karch Andr\u00e9, Karimi Hanie, Karimi Salah Eddin, Karimi Yeganeh, Karimi Behnagh Arman, Karki Prabin, Kasraei Hengameh, Kauppila Joonas H, Kaur Harkiran, Kaydi Neda, Kayode Gbenga A, Kazemi Foad, Kazemian Sina, Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle, Khader Yousef Saleh, Khafaie Morteza Abdullatif, Khaing Inn Kynn, Khajuria Himanshu, Khalaji Amirmohammad, Khalid Nauman, Khalil Anees Ahmed, Khan Asaduzzaman, Khan Fayaz, Khan M Nuruzzaman, Khan Maseer, Khan Mohammad Jobair, Khan Moien AB, Khan Yusra H, Khanmohammadi Shaghayegh, Khatab Khaled, Khatatbeh Haitham, Khatatbeh Moawiah Mohammad, Khateri Sorour, Khatib Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh Maryam, Khayat Kashani Hamid Reza, Khidri Feriha Fatima, Khokhar Manoj, Khosla Atulya Aman, Khosravi Majid, Khubchandani Jagdish, Kian Saeid, Kim Kwanghyun, Kim Min Seo, Kim Yun Jin, Kimokoti Ruth W, Kisa Adnan, Kisa Sezer, Kolahi Ali-Asghar, Koly Kamrun Nahar, Kompani Farzad, Kondlahalli Shivakumar KM Marulasiddaiah, Korja Miikka, Korshunov Vladimir Andreevich, Korzh Oleksii, Kosen Soewarta, Kostev Karel, Kothari Nikhil, Kotnis Ashwin Laxmikant, Koulmane Laxminarayana Sindhura Lakshmi, Krishan Kewal, Krishna Varun, Krishnamoorthy Vijay, Krishnan Bindu, Kruja Jera, Kuate Defo Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer Burcu, Kuddus Md Abdul, Kuddus Mohammed, Kugbey Nuworza, Kulimbet Mukhtar, Kulkarni Vishnutheertha, Kumar Akshay, Kumar Dewesh, Kumar G Anil, Kumar Nithin, Kumar Rakesh, Kumaran D Senthil, Kundu Amartya, Kundu Satyajit, Kunutsor Setor K, Kurmi Om P, Kusuma Dian, Kutikuppala L V Simhachalam, Kuttikkattu Ambily, Kyt\u00f6 Ville, La Vecchia Carlo, Lacey Ben, Lahariya Chandrakant, Lal Dharmesh Kumar, Lallukka Tea, L\u00e1m Judit, Landires Iv\u00e1n, Larsson Anders O, Lasrado Savita, Latifinaibin Kaveh, Lauriola Paolo, Lavados Pablo M, Lawal Basira Kankia, Le Long Khanh Dao, Le Nhi Huu Hanh, Le Thao Thi Thu, Le Trang Diep Thanh, Lee Paul H, Lee Seung Won, Lee Wei-Chen, Lee Yo Han, Li Ming-Chieh, Li Wei, Li Xiaopan, Li Yichong, Lim Lee-Ling, Lim Stephen S, Lin John C, Lindholm Daniel, Linn Shai, Liu Gang, Liu Runben, Liu Shuke, Liu Xiaofeng, Llanaj Erand, Lo Chun-Han, Lo Warren David, Lohner Valerie, L\u00f3pez-Gil Jos\u00e9 Francisco, Lorenzovici L\u00e1szl\u00f3, Lorkowski Stefan, Lotufo Paulo A, Lucchetti Giancarlo, Luo Lisha, Lusk Jay B, Ma Zheng Feei, Machoy Monika, Madadizadeh Farzan, Maddison Ralph, Mahmoudi Elham, Mahmoudvand Golnaz, Makram Omar M, Malakan Rad Elaheh, Malhotra Kashish, Malik Ahmad Azam, Malik Iram, Mallhi Tauqeer Hussain, Malta Deborah Carvalho, Mamun Abdullah A, Manla Yosef, Mansouri Mohammad Hadi, Mansouri Pejman, Mansouri Vahid, Mansournia Mohammad Ali, Mantovani Lorenzo Giovanni, Manu Emmanuel, Marateb Hamid Reza, Marjani Abdoljalal, Martini Daniela, Martini Santi, Martorell Miquel, Maryam Sharmeen, Marzo Roy Rillera, Masrie Awoke, Mathangasinghe Yasith, Maulik Pallab K, Mayeli Mahsa, Mazidi Mohsen, McKee Martin, McPhail Steven M, Mechili Enkeleint A, Mehmood Asim, Mehrabani-Zeinabad Kamran, Mekene Meto Tesfahun, Meles Hadush Negash, Mendoza Walter, Menezes Ritesh G, Mensah George A, Meo Sultan Ayoub, Meretoja Atte, Meretoja Tuomo J, Mestrovic Tomislav, Mettananda Chamila Dinushi Kukulege, Miazgowski Tomasz, Michalek Irmina Maria, de Micheletti Gomi Nogueira S\u00e1 Ana Carolina, Minervini Giuseppe, Minh Le Huu Nhat, Mini GK, Mirghafourvand Mojgan, Mirica Andreea, Mirrakhimov Erkin M, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari Mohammad, Mishra Manish, Misra Sanjeev, Mithra Prasanna, Mohamed Ahmed Ismail, Mohamed Jama, Mohamed Nouh Saad, Mohammad Ameen Mosa, Mohammadi Esmaeil, Mohammadi Saeed, Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah, Mohammadzadeh Ibrahim, Mohammed Hussen, Mohammed Mustapha, Mohammed Salahuddin, Mokdad Ali H, Molavi Vardanjani Hossein, Molokhia Mariam, Momani Shaher, Monasta Lorenzo, Moni Mohammad Ali, Montazeri Fateme, Moodi Ghalibaf AmirAli, Moosazadeh Mahmood, Moradi Maryam, Moradi Yousef, Moraga Paula, Morawska Lidia, Moreira Rafael Silveira, Morrison Shane Douglas, Mosaddeghi Heris Reza, Mossialos Elias, Mousavi Parsa, Msherghi Ahmed, Mubarik Sumaira, Muccioli Lorenzo, Mulita Admir, Muniyandi Malaisamy, Munjal Kavita, Murillo-Zamora Efren, Muthu Sathish, Myung Woojae, Nabavi Amin, Nabhan 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Dr. Mark Ledwidge has received funding from Novartis, Abbott Diagnostics, the European Commission Framework Programme 7, Genuity Science, Abbott, and the Health Research Board of the Irish Government outside of this submitted work. Dr. Gallagher is a previous General Practice Lead in Cardiovascular Disease on Integrated Care Programme for Chronic Disease with the Health Service Executive and has received funding for educational activities from Novartis, Astra Zeneca & Daiichi Sankyo. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}