{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T21:13:53Z","timestamp":1772918033696,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ir J Med Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-025-04084-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T04:14:40Z","timestamp":1758341680000},"page":"2391-2400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of radial extracorporeal shock wave and kinesio taping on pain, quality of life, hand function and ultrasonographic measurement of median nerve cross-sectional area in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: a single-blind randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"194","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4750-044X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazif","family":"Bilicier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0387-3558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selda","family":"\u00c7iftci \u0130nceo\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7163-8234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aylin","family":"Ayy\u0131ld\u0131z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2910-2532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enes Efe","family":"\u0130\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2273-1018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Banu","family":"Kuran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"4084_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.203","volume":"171","author":"I Atroshi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Atroshi I, Englund M, Turkiewicz A et al (2011) Incidence of physician-diagnosed carpal tunnel syndrome in the general population. Arch Intern Med 171(10):943\u2013944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.203","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4084_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(89)90178-0","volume":"14","author":"RM Szabo","year":"1989","unstructured":"Szabo RM, Chidgey LK (1989) Stress carpal tunnel pressures in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and normal patients. J Hand Surg 14(4):624\u2013627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0363-5023(89)90178-0","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4084_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.2.153","volume":"282","author":"I Atroshi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Atroshi I, Gummesson C, Johnsson R et al (1999) Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in a general population. JAMA 282(2):153\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.282.2.153","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"4084_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.70024","volume":"22","author":"T Gebrye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gebrye T, Jeans E, Yeowell G et al (2024) Global and regional prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome: a meta-analysis based on a systematic review. Musculoskelet Care 22(4):e70024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/msc.70024","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Care"},{"key":"4084_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.12.012","volume":"135","author":"L Pelosi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pelosi L, Ar\u00e1nyi Z, Beekman R, Bland Jeremy, Coraci Daniele, Hobson-Webb Lisa D., Padua Luca, Podnar Simon, Simon Neil, van Alfen Nens, Verhamme Camiel, Visser Leo, Walker Francis O., Shik Yoon Joon, Cartwright Michael S. (2022) Expert consensus on the combined investigation of carpal tunnel syndrome with electrodiagnostic tests and neuromuscular ultrasound. Clin Neurophysiol 135:107\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.12.012","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4084_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2020.03.002","volume":"2","author":"D Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang D, Chruscielski CM, Blazar P, Earp BE (2020) Accuracy of provocative tests for carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg Glob Online 2(3):121\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsg.2020.03.002","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Glob Online"},{"issue":"5","key":"4084_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.04.001","volume":"57","author":"V Kalia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kalia V, Jacobson JA (2019) Imaging of peripheral nerves of the upper extremity. Radiol Clin North Am 57(5):1063\u20131071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.04.001","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"4084_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30231-9","volume":"15","author":"L Padua","year":"2016","unstructured":"Padua L, Coraci D, Erra C, Pazzaglia Costanza, Paolasso Ilaria, Loreti Claudia, Caliandro Pietro, Hobson-Webb Lisa D (2016) Carpal tunnel syndrome: clinical features, diagnosis, and management. Lancet Neurol 15(12):1273\u20131284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30231-9","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"4084_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-02082-x","volume":"15","author":"W Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li W, Dong C, Wei H and others (2020) Extracorporeal shock wave therapy versus local corticosteroid injection for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 15:556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-020-02082-x","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"4084_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200106000-00003","volume":"387","author":"JA Ogden","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ogden JA, T\u00f3th-Kischkat A, Schultheiss R (2001) Principles of shock wave therapy. Clin Orthop 387:8\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003086-200106000-00003","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"issue":"9","key":"4084_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4176-1","volume":"37","author":"S Akt\u00fcrk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Akt\u00fcrk S, B\u00fcy\u00fckavc\u0131 R, Aslan \u00d6, Ersoy Y (2018) Comparison of splinting and kinesio taping in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: a prospective randomized study. Clin Rheumatol 37(9):2465\u20132469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-018-4176-1","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"20","key":"4084_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280600621469","volume":"28","author":"M Sezgin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sezgin M, Incel NA, Serhan S et al (2006) Assessment of symptom severity and functional status in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: reliability and functionality of the Turkish version of the Boston Questionnaire. Disabil Rehabil 28(20):1281\u20131285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638280600621469","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"4084_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2018.1685","volume":"64","author":"G G\u00f6k\u015feno\u011flu","year":"2018","unstructured":"G\u00f6k\u015feno\u011flu G, Paker N, \u00c7elik B et al (2018) Reliability and validity of Duruoz hand index in carpal tunnel syndrome. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil 64(3):277\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5606\/tftrd.2018.1685","journal-title":"Turk J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"4084_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.033","volume":"82","author":"EB K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck","year":"2020","unstructured":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck EB, Ta\u015fk\u0131ran \u00d6\u00d6 (2020) Evaluation of Duru\u00f6z hand index in diagnosis and staging of carpal tunnel syndrome. J Clin Neurosci Off J Neurosurg Soc Australas 82(Pt A):111\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.033","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci Off J Neurosurg Soc Australas"},{"issue":"11","key":"4084_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.02.003","volume":"11","author":"I Unal-Cevik","year":"2010","unstructured":"Unal-Cevik I, Sarioglu-Ay S, Evcik D (2010) A comparison of the DN4 and LANSS questionnaires in the assessment of neuropathic pain: validity and reliability of the Turkish version of DN4. J Pain 11(11):1129\u20131135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.02.003","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"4084_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/00004356-200023010-00004","volume":"23","author":"AA K\u00fcc\u00fckdeveci","year":"2000","unstructured":"K\u00fcc\u00fckdeveci AA, McKenna SP, Kutlay S et al (2000) The development and psychometric assessment of the Turkish version of the Nottingham Health Profile. Int J Rehabil Res 23(1):31\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004356-200023010-00004","journal-title":"Int J Rehabil Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4084_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43166-023-00214-9","volume":"50","author":"Z Kirac Unal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kirac Unal Z, Umay E, Unlu Akyuz E (2023) Splinting in carpal tunnel syndrome\u2014should we use it during the daytime? Egypt Rheumatol Rehabil 50(1):46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43166-023-00214-9","journal-title":"Egypt Rheumatol Rehabil"},{"issue":"9","key":"4084_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11201-z","volume":"269","author":"TY Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin TY, Chang KV, Wu WT, \u00d6z\u00e7akar L (2022) Ultrasonography for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: an umbrella review. J Neurol 269(9):4663\u20134675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-022-11201-z","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"4084_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-022-02941-9","volume":"17","author":"A Habibzadeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Habibzadeh A, Mousavi-Khatir R, Saadat P, Javadian Y (2022) The effect of radial shockwave on the median nerve pathway in patients with mild-to-moderate carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Surg Res 17:46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-022-02941-9","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"4084_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23113","volume":"34","author":"YT Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu YT, Ke MJ, Chou YC, Wu Yung\u2010Tsan, Ke Ming\u2010Jen, Chou Yu\u2010Ching, Chang Chih\u2010Ya, Lin Ching\u2010Yueh, Li Tsung\u2010Ying, Shih Feng\u2010Mei, Chen Liang\u2010Cheng (2016) Effect of radial shock wave therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome: a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Orthop Res 34(6):977\u2013984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.23113","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4084_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2022.7187","volume":"68","author":"G Sa\u011flam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sa\u011flam G, \u00c7etinkaya Ali\u015far D, \u00d6zen S (2022) Physical therapy versus radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized-controlled study. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil 68(1):126\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5606\/tftrd.2022.7187","journal-title":"Turk J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"4084_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2020.03.010","volume":"34","author":"D Krause","year":"2021","unstructured":"Krause D, Roll SC, Javaherian-Dysinger H, Daher N (2021) Comparative efficacy of the dorsal application of Kinesio tape and splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. J Hand Ther Off J Am Soc Hand Ther 34(3):351\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jht.2020.03.010","journal-title":"J Hand Ther Off J Am Soc Hand Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"4084_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1709-72","volume":"48","author":"P Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","year":"2018","unstructured":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m P, Dilek B, \u015eahin E et al (2018) Ultrasonographic and clinical evaluation of additional contribution of kinesiotaping to tendon and nerve gliding exercises in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Turk J Med Sci 48(5):925\u2013932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3906\/sag-1709-72","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"4084_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-018-4020-6","volume":"38","author":"A G\u00fcner","year":"2018","unstructured":"G\u00fcner A, Altan L, Kasapo\u011flu Aksoy M (2018) The effectiveness of the low-power laser and kinesiotaping in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome, a pilot study. Rheumatol Int 38(5):895\u2013904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-018-4020-6","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"4084_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-200179","volume":"34","author":"G Akgol","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akgol G, Elbasti MS, Gulkesen A et al (2021) Comparison of low power laser and kinesio taping for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: a prospective randomized study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 34(4):545\u2013553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/BMR-200179","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"4084_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2017.12.006","volume":"32","author":"BM Kaplan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaplan BM, Akyuz G, Kokar S, Yagci I (2019) Comparison of the effectiveness of orthotic intervention, kinesiotaping, and paraffin treatments in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: a single-blind and randomized controlled study. J Hand Ther 32(3):297\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jht.2017.12.006","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"4084_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2023.12.017","volume":"37","author":"O G\u00fcvener","year":"2024","unstructured":"G\u00fcvener O, Da\u011f F, \u015eahin G, \u00d6z\u00e7akar L (2024) Immediate effects of kinesio taping in carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized controlled double-blind ultrasonographic study. J Hand Ther 37(4):520\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jht.2023.12.017","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"4084_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002252","volume":"102","author":"L Eraslan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eraslan L, Baltaci G (2023) Effectiveness of kinesio taping and night splinting along with physical therapy intervention on symptoms and functionality: a double-blind randomized controlled trial for moderate carpal tunnel syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 102(11):975\u2013983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002252","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"4084_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hansur.2024.101633","volume":"43","author":"J Zainab","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zainab J, Manzoor N, Bashir MS et al (2024) Effects of kinesio taping with and without active release technique in carpal tunnel syndrome. Hand Surg Rehabil 43(1):101633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hansur.2024.101633","journal-title":"Hand Surg Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"4084_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s41983-020-00181-4","volume":"56","author":"UM Rashad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rashad UM, Kishk NA, Mansour WT and others (2020) Effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on different severities of carpal tunnel syndrome. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg 56(1):48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41983-020-00181-4","journal-title":"Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4084_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2023.12.009","volume":"37","author":"A Ghasemi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghasemi A, Olyaei GR, Bagheri H, Hadian Mohammad Reza, Jalaei Shohreh, Otadi Khadijeh, Malmir Kazem (2024) A randomized clinical trial on the changing of median nerve cross-sectional area and pain after extracorporeal shock wave and low-level laser therapy added to conventional physical therapy in patients with mild-to-moderate carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Ther 37(4):555\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jht.2023.12.009","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4084_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.5152\/tftrd.2014.24993","volume":"60","author":"J Oncu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oncu J, Iliser R, Koymen Yilmaz F, Kuran B (2014) Efficacy of kinesiotaping on symptoms, hand functions, and hand grip strength in carpal tunnel syndrome: a single-blind and randomized controlled study. Turk Fiz Tip Rehabil Derg 60(1):43\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/tftrd.2014.24993","journal-title":"Turk Fiz Tip Rehabil Derg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4084_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1197\/j.jht.2004.02.015","volume":"17","author":"JC MacDermid","year":"2004","unstructured":"MacDermid JC, Wessel J (2004) Clinical diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review. J Hand Ther Off J Am Soc Hand Ther 17(2):309\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1197\/j.jht.2004.02.015","journal-title":"J Hand Ther Off J Am Soc Hand Ther"},{"key":"4084_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2025.111145","volume":"135","author":"S Morisaki","year":"2025","unstructured":"Morisaki S, Yoshii K, Tsuchida S et al (2025) Prognostic indicators of postoperative objective improvement in carpal tunnel syndrome: a retrospective study. J Clin Neurosci 135:111145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2025.111145","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4084_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znae067","volume":"111","author":"L Geoghegan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Geoghegan L, Carolina M, French J et al (2024) Health-related quality of life in patients with conditions affecting the hand: meta-analysis. Br J Surg 111(4):znae067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjs\/znae067","journal-title":"Br J Surg"}],"container-title":["Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04084-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04084-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04084-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T16:30:56Z","timestamp":1767630656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04084-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4084"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04084-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-1265","1863-4362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-1265","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-4362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}]}}