{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T03:01:25Z","timestamp":1772938885033,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ir J Med Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Sport-related concussion is a significant concern in contact sports, yet research in amateur Gaelic games is limited.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n To examine the characteristics and mechanisms of suspected concussions in elite Gaelic football and hurling using video-based analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A retrospective video analysis was conducted on 96 suspected concussions (58 Gaelic football, 38 hurling) identified from broadcast footage during the 2018\u20132019 inter-county seasons. Events were coded for type of play, player role, object\/body part striking the head, collision direction, legality, referee penalisation, and match quarter. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square Goodness-of-Fit test and standardised residuals assessed distributions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In Gaelic football, suspected concussions were evenly distributed across quarters, \u03c7\u00b2=6.23,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.101. In hurling, incidents were overrepresented in the fourth quarter, \u03c7\u00b2=14.00,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.003, residual\u2009=\u2009+\u20093.08. Tackles were significantly more frequent in football (residual\u2009=\u2009+\u20098.63, \u03c7\u00b2=95.79,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) and hurling (residual\u2009=\u2009+\u20094.14, \u03c7\u00b2=28.58,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), while off-the-ball collisions and goalpost impacts were less frequent. Ball carriers were overrepresented in football (residual\u2009=\u2009+\u20095.99, \u03c7\u00b2=48.38,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) and hurling (residual\u2009=\u2009+\u20093.41, \u03c7\u00b2=16.32,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.001). Arms were the main impact source in football (residual\u2009=\u2009+\u20098.08, \u03c7\u00b2=79.93,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) with shoulders\/torsos in hurling (residual\u2009=\u2009+\u20094.24\/+2.87, \u03c7\u00b2=36.53,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). Front-on collisions predominated in both codes. Illegal play was significant in football (residual\u2009=\u2009+\u20092.6, \u03c7\u00b2=13.52,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), with illegal incidents penalised (residual\u2009=\u2009+\u20093.34, \u03c7\u00b2=22.35,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The findings underscore the need for targeted rule enforcement, player education, and management to reduce concussion risk in Gaelic football and hurling.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-025-04163-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T08:38:32Z","timestamp":1762504712000},"page":"529-535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact characteristics of suspected concussions in elite Gaelic football and hurling: a video-based analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Ronan","family":"Davidson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"McFadden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4666-4473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory","family":"Tierney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"4163_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2021.2016929","volume":"23","author":"G Tierney","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tierney G (2024) Concussion biomechanics, head acceleration exposure and brain injury criteria in sport: a review. 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