{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:21:16Z","timestamp":1793830876276,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tarsus University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ir J Med Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>E-cigarette use among university students has been increasing. While substantial information exists on the impact of e-cigarette use on respiratory function, limited data exists on its early effects on cardiac autonomic function and exercise capacity in young individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated respiratory function, heart rate variability (HRV), and exercise capacity in electronic cigarette users compared to traditional cigarette smokers and non-smokers among university students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-one healthy volunteers aged 18-35 years were divided into three groups: nonsmokers (n=20), tobacco smokers (n=21), and e-cigarette users (n=20). Respiratory function was assessed using spirometry, HRV was measured using a Polar H10 chest strap, and exercise capacity was evaluated using the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results showed forced vital capacity was significantly higher in non-smokers than in traditional cigarette and e-cigarette users (P =0.013). No significant differences were found in spirometry parameters, HRV indices, total shuttle number, or ISWT distance. The percentage of predicted distance was significantly higher in non-smokers than other groups (p=0.018). The percentage of maximal heart rate and post-test heart rate differed significantly between groups (p = 0.004; \u03b7\u00b2 = 0.172 and \u03b7\u00b2 = 0.174), with traditional cigarette smokers showing lower values than non-smokers and e-cigarette users. Post-exercise dyspnea scores were significantly lower in e-cigarette users than nonsmokers (p=0.009).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both tobacco and e-cigarette use may negatively affect respiratory function and exercise performance of university students. Further research is needed to clarify the long-term health effects of electronic cigarette use in both healthy and chronic disease populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-025-04271-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T08:48:45Z","timestamp":1768466925000},"page":"695-702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative effects of electronic and traditional cigarette use on pulmonary function, autonomic regulation, and exercise capacity in young adults"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9910-6336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurel","family":"Erturk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayrul Nisa","family":"Karababa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"4271_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2019.1649146","volume":"13","author":"R Polosa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Polosa R et al (2019) The effect of e-cigarette aerosol emissions on respiratory health: a narrative review. 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