{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T11:08:55Z","timestamp":1779275335964,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ir J Med Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Figure-8 Walk Test (F8WT) is a standardized clinical assessment used to evaluate walking performance, including straight walking and maneuvering around obstacles, as required in daily life. The aim of this study was to establish reference values for the F8WT in healthy adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1,145 healthy Turkish adults participated in this cross-sectional study. Individuals aged\u2009\u2265\u200918\u00a0years who were able to walk independently without assistive devices were included. Participants with a history of neurological, musculoskeletal, or cardiopulmonary disorders affecting gait, recent lower extremity injury or surgery, or cognitive impairment were excluded. The F8WT was administered, and anthropometric as well as sociodemographic parameters were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 25th, 25th\u201375th, and\u2009&gt;\u200975th percentiles were classified as low, average, and high fall risk for both men and women based on F8WT performance. For men,\u2009&lt;\u20093.06\u00a0s indicated low fall risk, 3.06\u20139.34\u00a0s indicated average fall risk, and 9.34\u201322.31\u00a0s indicated high fall risk. For women,\u2009&lt;\u20092.41\u00a0s indicated low fall risk, 2.41\u20138.43\u00a0s indicated average fall risk, and 8.43\u201316.06\u00a0s indicated high fall risk. Statistically significant differences were observed between men and women in terms of age, height, body weight, and body mass index (BMI) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). In the overall sample, F8WT performance was significantly correlated with age (r\u2009=\u20090.575,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), height (r\u2009=\u2009\u20130.145,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), weight (r\u2009=\u20090.242,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and BMI (r\u2009=\u20090.359,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides reference values for the F8WT according to age and sex in healthy adults. Women demonstrated shorter F8WT completion times than men, and test duration increased with advancing age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT06314347.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-025-04276-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T03:33:06Z","timestamp":1768793586000},"page":"1029-1034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determination of reference values of figure of 8 walk walk test in healthy adults"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7225-5123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zekiye Ipek","family":"Katirci Kirmaci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9235-1059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Demet","family":"G\u00f6za\u00e7an Karabulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4444-5717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c7a\u011ftay","family":"Maden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3534-9507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00f6n\u00fcl","family":"Elpeze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7151-6854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuf \u015einasi","family":"Kirmaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5013-8970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatice","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5771-5555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuba","family":"G\u00fcn Kalkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"4276_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503023320902","volume":"332","author":"JM Guralnik","year":"1995","unstructured":"Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Simonsick EM et al (1995) Lower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability. N Engl J Med 332(9):556\u2013561","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4276_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2010.12.004","volume":"97","author":"RW Bohannon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bohannon RW, Williams Andrews A (2011) Normal walking speed: a descriptive meta-analysis. Physiotherapy 97(3):182\u2013189","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"4276_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x","volume":"39","author":"D Podsiadlo","year":"1991","unstructured":"Podsiadlo D, Richardson S (1991) The timed \u201cUp & Go\u201d: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 39(2):142\u2013148","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"4276_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080121","volume":"90","author":"RJ Hess","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hess RJ, Brach JS, Piva SR, VanSwearingen JM (2010) Walking skill can be assessed in older adults: validity of the figure-of-8 walk test. Phys Ther 90(1):89\u201399","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"4276_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-14-14","volume":"14","author":"E Barry","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barry E, Galvin R, Keogh C et al (2014) Is the timed up and go test a useful predictor of risk of falls in community dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 14:14","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"4276_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20090163","volume":"90","author":"SW Muir","year":"2010","unstructured":"Muir SW, Berg K, Chesworth B et al (2010) Balance impairment as a risk factor for falls in community-dwelling older adults who are high functioning: a prospective study. Phys Ther 90(3):338\u2013347","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"4276_CR7","unstructured":"Shumway-Cook, A. and Wool-lacott, M.H. (2007) Motor Control: Translating Research into Clinical Practice. 3rd Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia."},{"issue":"1","key":"4276_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02736.x","volume":"18","author":"G Courtine","year":"2003","unstructured":"Courtine G, Schieppati M (2003) Human walking along a curved path. I. Body trajectory, segment orientation and the effect of vision. Eur J Neurosci 18(1):177\u2013190","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"4276_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00532","volume":"10","author":"M Godi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Godi M, Giardini M, Schieppati M (2019) Walking along curved trajectories. Changes with age and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Hints to rehabilitation. Front Neurol 10:532","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4276_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2018.07.003","volume":"105","author":"KL Barker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barker KL, Batting M, Schl\u00fcssel M, Newman M (2019) The reliability and validity of the figure of 8 walk test in older people with knee replacement: does the setting have an impact? Physiotherapy 105(1):76\u201383","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"22","key":"4276_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2013.766274","volume":"35","author":"SS Wong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wong SS, Yam MS, Ng SS (2013) The figure-of-eight walk test: reliability and associations with stroke-specific impairments. Disabil Rehabil 35(22):1896\u20131902","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"4276_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104430","volume":"69","author":"ZI Katirci Kirmaci","year":"2023","unstructured":"Katirci Kirmaci ZI, Adiguzel H, Erel S et al (2023) The reliability and validity of the figure of 8 walk test in mildly disabled persons with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 69:104430","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"4276_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2022.2028020","volume":"45","author":"F Soke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Soke F, Erkoc Ataoglu NE, Ozcan Gulsen E and others (2023) The psychometric properties of the figure-of-eight walk test in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Disabil Rehabil 45(2):301\u2013309","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"4276_CR14","first-page":"225","volume":"7","author":"V Kasiulevi\u010dius","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kasiulevi\u010dius V, \u0160apoka V, Filipavi\u010di\u016bt\u0117 R (2006) Sample size calculation in epidemiological studies. Gerontologija 7(4):225\u2013231","journal-title":"Gerontologija"},{"key":"4276_CR15","volume":"2013","author":"GL Iverson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iverson GL, Koehle MS (2013) Normative data for the balance error scoring system in adults. Rehabil Res Pract 2013:846418","journal-title":"Rehabil Res Pract"},{"key":"4276_CR16","unstructured":"T\u00dc\u0130K [Internet] (2022) T\u00fcrkiye Sa\u011fl\u0131k Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131. Available from: https:\/\/data.tuik.gov.tr\/Bulten\/Index?p=Turkiye-Saglik-Arastirmasi-2022-49747. Accessed 30\u00a0Apr 2025"},{"issue":"2","key":"4276_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0316612","volume":"20","author":"HH Kong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kong HH, Shin K, Yang DS et al (2025) Digital assessment of walking ability: validity and reliability of the automated figure-of-eight walk test in older adults. PLoS One 20(2):e0316612","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"4276_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13870","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13870","volume":"16","author":"A \u00c1lvarez-Bustos","year":"2025","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez-Bustos A, Coelho-Junior HJ, Calvani R et al (2025) Adherence to physical activity and incident mobility disability in older adults with mobility limitations. J Cachex Sarcopenia Muscle 16(3):e13870","journal-title":"J Cachex Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"1","key":"4276_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sports13010019","volume":"13","author":"JM Delfa-de-la-Morena","year":"2025","unstructured":"Delfa-de-la-Morena JM, Paes PP, Camarotti J\u00fanior F, de Oliveira DPL, Cordeiro Feitosa R, de Oliveira BSC, Mijarra-Murillo J-J, Mart\u00ednez Moya A, Garc\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1lez M, De As\u00eds-Fern\u00e1ndez F (2025) Effects of physical activity level, strength, balance, and body composition on perceived health in healthy adults. Sports 13(1):19","journal-title":"Sports"},{"key":"4276_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.698160","volume":"12","author":"A Zancan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zancan A, Sozzi S, Schieppati M (2021) Basic spatiotemporal gait variables of young and older healthy volunteers walking along a novel figure-of-8 path. Front Neurol 12:698160","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4276_CR21","first-page":"341","volume":"8","author":"DG Karabulut","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karabulut DG, Maden \u00c7, T\u00fcrker B et al (2024) The relationship of active aging perspectives and social participation of older adults with their mental states and functional independence. J Adnan Menderes Univ Health Sci Fac 8(3):341\u2013351","journal-title":"J Adnan Menderes Univ Health Sci Fac"},{"issue":"2","key":"4276_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.4103\/ijptr.ijptr_13_24","volume":"6","author":"DS Jude","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jude DS, Muskaan J (2024) Establishing normative reference values for figure of eight walk test in adults aged 60\u201369 years in Mumbai and Navi Mumbai\u2013a cross-sectional study. Indian J Phys Ther Res 6(2):164\u2013167","journal-title":"Indian J Phys Ther Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4276_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1923","volume":"305","author":"S Studenski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Studenski S, Perera S, Patel K, Rosano C, Faulkner K, Inzitari M, Brach J, Chandler J, Cawthon P, Connor EB, Nevitt M, Visser M, Kritchevsky S, Badinelli S, Harris T, Newman AB, Cauley J, Ferrucci L, Guralnik J (2011) Gait speed and survival in older adults. JAMA 305(1):50\u201358","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"4276_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/26.1.15","volume":"26","author":"RW Bohannon","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bohannon RW (1997) Comfortable and maximum walking speed of adults aged 20\u201379 years: reference values and determinants. Age Ageing 26(1):15\u201319","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"2","key":"4276_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/82.2.128","volume":"82","author":"TM Steffen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Steffen TM, Hacker TA, Mollinger L (2002) Age- and gender-related test performance in community-dwelling elderly people: six-minute walk test, berg balance scale, timed up & go test, and gait speeds. Phys Ther 82(2):128\u2013137","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"4276_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.398","volume":"13","author":"UE Larsson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Larsson UE, Reynisdottir S (2008) The six-minute walk test in outpatients with obesity: reproducibility and known group validity. Physiother Res Int 13(2):84\u201393","journal-title":"Physiother Res Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"4276_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.12.004","volume":"43","author":"S Ko","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ko S, Stenholm S, Ferrucci L (2010) Characteristic gait patterns in older adults with obesity\u2013results from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Biomech 43(6):1104\u20131110","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"5","key":"4276_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1179\/1743288X12Y.0000000029","volume":"17","author":"N Peyrot","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peyrot N (2012) Biomechanical constraints associated with walking in obese individuals: invited commentary on:\u2018gait and increased body weight (potential implications for musculoskeletal disease)\u2019, Sheehan and Gormley. Phys Ther Rev 17(5):352\u2013353","journal-title":"Phys Ther Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"4276_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2009.00703.x","volume":"11","author":"HK Vincent","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vincent HK, Vincent KR, Lamb KM (2010) Obesity and mobility disability in the older adult. Obes Rev 11(8):568\u2013579","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"4276_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e318076b54b","volume":"39","author":"RC Browning","year":"2007","unstructured":"Browning RC, Kram R (2007) Effects of obesity on the biomechanics of walking at different speeds. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39(9):1632\u20131641","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"}],"container-title":["Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04276-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04276-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04276-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T10:41:20Z","timestamp":1779273680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04276-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["4276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11845-025-04276-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-1265","1863-4362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-1265","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-4362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Gaziantep Islam, Science and Technology University non-invasive clinical research ethics committee (2024\/402.37.03).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement of ethics"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}