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Data analysis included the use of number and percentage distributions, mean and standard deviation calculations, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc analysis. Additionally, Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses were conducted for a comprehensive examination of the obtained data. Institutional permission and ethics committee approval were obtained to conduct the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, elevated levels of father and mother education, a consistent income, shorter marital duration, excellent spousal relationship status, fewer children, and increased time spent with infants were associated with heightened father involvement in infant care and higher paternal-infant attachment scores. A positive correlation was observed between fathers\u2019 involvement in infant care and paternal-infant attachment. Furthermore, regression analysis results show that as fathers\u2019 involvement in infant care increases, their attachment with their infant also strengthens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identified a positive correlation between fathers\u2019 engagement in infant care and the level of attachment between fathers and infants. To strengthen the paternal-infant attachment, fathers should be encouraged to involvement in infant care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-026-04281-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T05:27:45Z","timestamp":1772256465000},"page":"1451-1461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The relationship between fathers\u2019 involvement in infant care and infant attachment levels"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2833-8754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamile","family":"Ak\u00e7a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5493-6507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suat","family":"Tuncay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"4281_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Riera-Mart\u00edn A, Oliver-Roig A, Mart\u00ednez-Pampliega A, Cormenzana-Redondo S, Clement-Carbonell V, Richart-Mart\u00ednez M, et al (2018) A single Spanish version of maternal and paternal postnatal attachment scales: validation and conceptual analysis. 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