{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:35:00Z","timestamp":1787067300109,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002966","name":"Sivas Cumhuriyet University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002966","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ir J Med Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-026-04355-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T09:02:26Z","timestamp":1775638946000},"page":"1347-1357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cervical spinal cord enlargement and systemic inflammation in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a cross-sectional MRI study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Ya\u015far","family":"Ta\u015ftemur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9013-6395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u015eeyma","family":"Ta\u015ftemur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130rfan","family":"Atik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hacer","family":"Ba\u015f Ekici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Apalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vedat","family":"Sabancio\u011fullari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4355_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S002","volume":"47","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee","year":"2024","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2024) Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: Standards of care in diabetes\u20142024. Diabetes Care 47(Suppl 1):S20\u2013S42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc24-S002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"4355_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13105","volume":"10","author":"SS Gylfadottir","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gylfadottir SS, Weeracharoenkul D, Andersen ST et al (2019) Painful and non-painful diabetic polyneuropathy: clinical characteristics and diagnostic issues. J Diabetes Investig 10(5):1148\u20131157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdi.13105","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"issue":"5","key":"4355_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30071-1","volume":"17","author":"N Attal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Attal N, Bouhassira D, Baron R (2018) Diagnosis and assessment of neuropathic pain through questionnaires. Lancet Neurol 17(5):456\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30071-1","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4355_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.130","volume":"11","author":"FL Bowling","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bowling FL, Rashid ST, Boulton AJ (2015) Preventing and treating foot complications associated with diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 11(10):606\u2013616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2015.130","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"4355_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05268-5","volume":"358","author":"SE Eaton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eaton SE, Harris ND, Rajbhandari SM, Greenwood P, Wilkinson ID, Ward JD, Griffiths PD, Tesfaye S (2001) Spinal-cord involvement in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Lancet 358:35\u201336","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"4355_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.3.701","volume":"119","author":"NA Losseff","year":"1996","unstructured":"Losseff NA, Webb SL, O\u2019Riordan JI, O\u2019Riordan JI, Page R, Wang L, Barker GJ, Tofts PS, McDonald WI, Miller DH, Thompson AJ (1996) Spinal cord atrophy and disability in multiple sclerosis: a new reproducible and sensitive MRI method with potential to monitor disease progression. Brain 119(3):701\u2013708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/119.3.701","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"12","key":"4355_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1200","volume":"29","author":"D Selvarajah","year":"2006","unstructured":"Selvarajah D, Wilkinson ID, Emery CJ and others (2006) Early involvement of the spinal cord in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Care 29(12):2664\u20132669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc06-1200","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"4355_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.17776\/csj.1144272","volume":"43","author":"A \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk A, Sabanc\u0131o\u011fullar\u0131 V, Ta\u015ftemur Y, \u00d6ztoprak \u0130 (2022) Evaluation of thalamus volumes in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy using magnetic resonance imaging method. Cumhuriyet Sci J 43(4):569\u2013576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17776\/csj.1144272","journal-title":"Cumhuriyet Sci J"},{"issue":"8","key":"4355_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e18368","volume":"9","author":"Y Zang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zang Y, Jiang D, Zhuang X, Chen S (2023) Changes in the central nervous system in diabetic neuropathy. Heliyon 9(8):e18368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e18368","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"4","key":"4355_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.4103\/neurol-india.Neurol-India-D-24-00258","volume":"73","author":"S Vamadevan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vamadevan S, Saxena S, Kumar M et al (2025) A study on the pattern of spinal cord involvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without nerve conduction study-proven neuropathy: a cross-sectional analytical study. Neurol India. 73(4):746\u2013751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/neurol-india.Neurol-India-D-24-00258","journal-title":"Neurol India."},{"key":"4355_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1245199","volume":"14","author":"Y Nie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nie Y, Zhou H, Wang J, Kan H (2023) Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and diabetes: a population-based study from the NHANES. Front Endocrinol Lausanne 14:1245199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1245199","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol Lausanne"},{"issue":"3","key":"4355_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60030442","volume":"60","author":"GS Aljuraiban","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aljuraiban GS, Alharbi FJ, Aljohi AO, Almeshari AZ, Alotaibi MN, AlShammari SS, Al-Musharaf S, Aldhwayan MM, Abudawood M (2024) Systemic immune-inflammation index in relation to diabetes markers in Saudi adults: a retrospective study. Medicina Kaunas 60(3):442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60030442","journal-title":"Medicina Kaunas"},{"key":"4355_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43054-024-00290-2","volume":"72","author":"R Elmeazawy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elmeazawy R, El Shall S, AbdElsamea MZ, Emara MH (2024) Systemic immune-inflammatory index and systemic inflammation response index in predicting renal impairment in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Egypt Pediatr Assoc Gaz 72:49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43054-024-00290-2","journal-title":"Egypt Pediatr Assoc Gaz"},{"key":"4355_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1265372","volume":"14","author":"J Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu J, Hu Z, Luo Y, Liu Y, Luo W, Du X, Luo Z, Hu J, Peng S (2024) Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment. Front Endocrinol 14:1265372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1265372","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4355_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.2337\/db22-0912","volume":"72","author":"X Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang X, Zhang F (2023) Peripheral neuropathy in diabetes: what can MRI do? Diabetes 72(8):1060\u20131069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db22-0912","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"4355_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1241658","volume":"14","author":"D Dong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dong D, Hosomi K, Mori N, Kamijo Y-i, Furotani Y, Yamagami D, Ohnishi Y-i, Watanabe Y, Nakamura T, Tajima F, Kishima H, Saitoh Y (2023) White matter microstructural alterations in patients with neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Front Neurol 14:1241658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1241658","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"4355_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.102002","volume":"24","author":"M Stam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stam M, Haakma W, Kuster L, Froeling M, Philippens ME, Bos C, Leemans A, Otto LA, van den Berg LH, Hendrikse J, van der Pol WL (2019) Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spinal cord in spinal muscular atrophy. Neuroimage Clin 24:102002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.102002","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"4355_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0774-5","volume":"14","author":"V Shukla","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shukla V, Shakya AK, Perez-Pinzon MA, Dave KR (2017) Cerebral ischemic damage in diabetes: an inflammatory perspective. J Neuroinflammation 14:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-016-0774-5","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"3","key":"4355_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diabetology6030016","volume":"6","author":"R Kumari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kumari R, Willing L, McLaughlin PJ (2025) Diabetes differentially alters glial cells in different brain regions. Diabetology 6(3):16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diabetology6030016","journal-title":"Diabetology"},{"key":"4355_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1359255","volume":"15","author":"DR Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang DR, Wang MY, Zhang CL, Wang Y (2024) Endothelial dysfunction in vascular complications of diabetes: a comprehensive review of mechanisms and implications. Front Endocrinol 15:1359255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2024.1359255","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4355_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6724","volume":"37","author":"KS Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park KS, Kim JB, Keung M, Seo YJ, Seo SY, Mun SA, Lee Y-S, Cho D-C, Hwang J-H, Han I, Kim CH, Kim K-T (2020) Chronic hyperglycemia before spinal cord injury increases inflammatory reaction and astrogliosis after injury: human and rat studies. J Neurotrauma 37(9):1165\u20131181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2019.6724","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"4355_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-05024-y","volume":"81","author":"M Llori\u00e1n-Salvador","year":"2024","unstructured":"Llori\u00e1n-Salvador M, Cabeza-Fern\u00e1ndez S, Gomez-Sanchez JA, de la Fuente AG (2024) Glial cell alterations in diabetes-induced neurodegeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 81(1):47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-023-05024-y","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"15","key":"4355_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157566","volume":"26","author":"H Kacem","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kacem H, d\u2019Angelo M, Qosja E, Topi S, Castelli V, Cimini A (2025) The inflammatory bridge between type 2 diabetes and neurodegeneration: a molecular perspective. Int J Mol Sci 26(15):7566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26157566","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4355_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.884579","volume":"16","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Jin K, Chen B, Liu R, Cheng S, Zhang Y, Lu J (2022) Overnutrition induced cognitive impairment: insulin resistance, gut-brain axis, and neuroinflammation. Front Neurosci 16:884579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2022.884579","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"4355_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-1105","volume":"46","author":"J Shin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shin J, Patel Y, Parker N et al (2023) Prediabetic HbA1c and cortical atrophy: underlying neurobiology. Diabetes Care 46(12):2267\u20132272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc23-1105","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"4355_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.2337\/db23-0303","volume":"73","author":"N Schweitzer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schweitzer N, Son SJ, Aizenstein H and others (2024) Higher HbA1c is associated with greater two-year progression of white matter hyperintensities. Diabetes 73(4):604\u2013610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db23-0303","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"4355_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18103\/mra.v13i8.6866","volume":"13","author":"A Choudhary","year":"2025","unstructured":"Choudhary A (2025) Neuroinflammation and cognitive health in type 2 diabetes. Med Res Arch 13(8):6866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18103\/mra.v13i8.6866","journal-title":"Med Res Arch"},{"issue":"4","key":"4355_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70180","volume":"46","author":"S Soltani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Soltani S, Dolatshahi M, Soltani S et al (2025) Relationships between brain glucose metabolism patterns and impaired glycemic status: a systematic review of FDG-PET studies with a focus on Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Hum Brain Mapp 46(4):e70180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.70180","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"7","key":"4355_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.87759","volume":"17","author":"S Patro","year":"2025","unstructured":"Patro S, Sharma V, Choudhary A, Varuneil Y, Arora P, Nayak S, Sahoo JP (2025) Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) of patients with and without diabetic neuropathy: a cross-sectional study. Cureus 17(7):e87759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.87759","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"4355_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3827","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S437580","volume":"16","author":"S Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang S, Pan X, Jia B, Chen S (2023) Exploring the correlation between the systemic immune inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and type 2 diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 16:3827\u20133836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DMSO.S437580","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"issue":"5","key":"4355_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2024.05.12","volume":"17","author":"Y Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao Y, Lu RX, Tang Y and others (2024) Systemic immune-inflammation index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes at different stages of diabetic retinopathy. Int J Ophthalmol 17(5):877\u2013882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18240\/ijo.2024.05.12","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4355_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60060855","volume":"60","author":"NT Tabakoglu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tabakoglu NT, Celik M (2024) Investigation of the systemic immune inflammation (SII) index as an indicator of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetic retinopathy patients in a 4-year follow-up period. Medicina Kaunas 60(6):855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60060855","journal-title":"Medicina Kaunas"},{"issue":"1","key":"4355_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-85164-2","volume":"15","author":"R Deng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Deng R, Zhu S, Fan B et al (2025) Exploring the correlations between six serological inflammatory markers and different stages of type 2 diabetic retinopathy. Sci Rep 15(1):1567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-85164-2","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"4355_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14477","volume":"30","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheng Y, Chen Y, Li K, Liu S, Pang C, Gao L, Xie J, Wenjing LV, Yu H, Deng B (2024) How inflammation dictates diabetic peripheral neuropathy: an enlightening review. CNS Neurosci Ther 30(4):e14477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.14477","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4355_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02175-1","volume":"10","author":"Y Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang Y, Zhao B, Wang Y, Lan H, Liu X, Hu Y, Cao P (2025) Diabetic neuropathy: cutting-edge research and future directions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 10(1):132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-025-02175-1","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"4355_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1421191","volume":"12","author":"Q Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Q, Xie Y, Ma S et al (2024) Role of microglia in diabetic neuropathic pain. Front Cell Dev Biol 12:1421191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2024.1421191","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4355_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-025-01699-7","volume":"16","author":"T Panou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Panou T, Gouveri E, Popovic DS et al (2025) The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: new lessons from experimental studies and clinical implications. Diabetes Ther 16(3):371\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13300-025-01699-7","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"4355_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61081433","volume":"61","author":"R Cosma-L\u0103zuran","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cosma-L\u0103zuran R, Leucuta DC, Popoviciu MS (2025) Systemic immune-inflammation index and related hematologic markers as prognostic tools in type 2 diabetes. Medicina Kaunas 61(8):1433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina61081433","journal-title":"Medicina Kaunas"},{"issue":"44","key":"4355_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000045452","volume":"104","author":"C Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu C, Zhang D, Zhu W, Fan K (2025) Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and mortality risks in type 2 diabetes based on NHANES. Medicine (Baltimore) 104(44):e45452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000045452","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"4355_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2023.112350","volume":"185","author":"Y Tang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tang Y, Feng X, Liu N, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Chen Z, Liu Y (2024) Relationship between systemic immune inflammation index and mortality among US adults with different diabetic status: evidence from NHANES 1999\u20132018. Exp Gerontol 185:112350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2023.112350","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"4355_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S43211","volume":"9","author":"ZS Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang ZS, Song ZC, Bai JH and others (2013) Red blood cell count as an indicator of microvascular complications in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Vasc Health Risk Manag 9:237\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/VHRM.S43211","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"4355_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3390\/pathophysiology30030026","volume":"30","author":"A Williams","year":"2023","unstructured":"Williams A, Bissinger R, Shamaa H, Patel S, Bourne L, Artunc F, Qadri S (2023) Pathophysiology of red blood cell dysfunction in diabetes and its complications. Pathophysiology 30(3):327\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathophysiology30030026","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4355_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/neurosci3010001","volume":"3","author":"N Chopra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chopra N, Menounos S, Choi JP et al (2021) Blood\u2013spinal cord barrier: its role in spinal disorders and emerging therapeutic strategies. NeuroSci 3(1):1\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/neurosci3010001","journal-title":"NeuroSci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4355_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161166","volume":"59","author":"C Moran","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moran C, Beare R, Phan T, Starkstein S, Bruce D, Romina M, Srikanth V (2017) Neuroimaging and its relevance to understanding pathways linking diabetes and cognitive dysfunction. J Alzheimers Dis 59(2):405\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-161166","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4355_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-019-0246-6","volume":"10","author":"JL Faulkner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Faulkner JL, Belin de Chantem\u00e8le EJ (2019) Sex hormones, aging, and cardiometabolic syndrome. Biol Sex Differ 10(1):30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13293-019-0246-6","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"4355_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00420","volume":"10","author":"RA Loiola","year":"2019","unstructured":"Loiola RA, Wickstead ES, Solito E, McArthur S (2019) Estrogen promotes pro-resolving microglial behavior and phagocytic cell clearance through the actions of Annexin A1. Front Endocrinol 10:420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2019.00420","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"4355_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.885787","volume":"14","author":"EG Thomas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thomas EG, Rhodius-Meester H, Exalto L, Peters SAE, van Bloemendaal L, Ponds R, Muller M (2022) Sex-specific associations of diabetes with brain structure and function in a geriatric population. Front Aging Neurosci 14:885787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2022.885787","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"4355_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.21037\/jxym.2020.02.03","volume":"6","author":"S Tesfaye","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tesfaye S, Sloan G (2021) Involvement of the central nervous system in diabetic distal symmetrical polyneuropathy. J Xiangya Med 6:27","journal-title":"J Xiangya Med"}],"container-title":["Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11845-026-04355-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11845-026-04355-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11845-026-04355-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T04:00:01Z","timestamp":1783396801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11845-026-04355-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["4355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11845-026-04355-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-1265","1863-4362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-1265","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-4362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sivas Cumhuriyet University Health Sciences Research Board (Approval No: 2025\u201304\/56; Date: April 24, 2025) and conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. As this was a retrospective study based on anonymized data, the ethics committee waived the requirement for informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}