{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:23:01Z","timestamp":1792783381139,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Samsun University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02brte405","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ir J Med Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-026-04416-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T08:35:09Z","timestamp":1777278909000},"page":"2497-2504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Outcomes of vacuum-assisted closure therapy (VAC) in patients with Fournier\u2019s gangrene: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2977-6956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emrah","family":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmet Furkan","family":"Ak\u0131ll\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reha","family":"Ordulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mesut","family":"\u015eeng\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammed Esad","family":"Kayhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekrem","family":"Akdeniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmut","family":"Ulubay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa Kemal","family":"Atilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4416_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1159\/000445695","volume":"97","author":"MD Sorensen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sorensen MD, Krieger JN (2016) Fournier\u2019s gangrene: epidemiology and outcomes in the general US population. Urol Int 97(3):249\u2013259","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"4416_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2000.01497.x","volume":"87","author":"N Eke","year":"2000","unstructured":"Eke N (2000) Fournier\u2019s gangrene: a review of 1726 cases. Br J Surg 87(6):718\u2013728","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4416_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2016.3.157","volume":"88","author":"A Singh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singh A, Ahmed K, Aydin A, Khan MS, Dasgupta P (2016) Fournier\u2019s gangrene. A clinical review. Arch Ital Urol Androl 88(3):157\u2013164","journal-title":"Arch Ital Urol Androl"},{"issue":"2","key":"4416_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-008-0461-9","volume":"395","author":"R Czymek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Czymek R, Frank P, Limmer S et al (2010) Fournier\u2019s gangrene: Is the female gender a risk factor? Langenbeck\u2019s Arch Surg 395(2):173\u2013180","journal-title":"Langenbeck\u2019s Arch Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4416_CR5","first-page":"405","volume":"24","author":"LC Argenta","year":"1997","unstructured":"Argenta LC, Morykwas MJ (1997) Vacuum-assisted closure: a new method for wound control and treatment. Clin Plast Surg 24(3):405\u2013418","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"4416_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199706000-00001","volume":"38","author":"MJ Morykwas","year":"1997","unstructured":"Morykwas MJ, Argenta LC, Shelton-Brown EI, McGuirt W (1997) Vacuum-assisted closure: animal studies and basic foundation. Ann Plast Surg 38(6):553\u2013562","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4416_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-020-03323-8","volume":"39","author":"V Iacovelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iacovelli V et al (2021) The role of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy in the management of Fournier\u2019s gangrene: a retrospective cohort study. World J Urol 39(5):1499\u20131506","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4416_CR8","first-page":"e50076","volume":"15","author":"R Tanwar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tanwar R et al (2023) Evaluation of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in the Management of Fournier\u2019s Gangrene. Cureus 15(11):e50076","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"4416_CR9","first-page":"112","volume":"85","author":"D Franco-Buenaventura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Franco-Buenaventura D, Garc\u00eda-Perdomo HA (2021) VAC device in postoperative wound care for Fournier\u2019s gangrene: systematic review. Int J Surg 85:112\u2013120","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"4416_CR10","first-page":"e18336","volume":"13","author":"O Gul","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gul O et al (2021) Fournier\u2019s Gangrene: Our Five-Year Series and the Role of Vacuum-Assisted Closure in the Treatment. Cureus 13(9):e18336","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"4416_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9900","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09900-1","volume":"24","author":"HB Hong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hong HB, Yi HJ, Lee RA, Kim KH, Chung SS (2024) Prognostic factors and clinical outcomes in Fournier\u2019s Gangrene. BMC Infect Dis 24:9900\u20139901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09900-1","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"4416_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2016.09.021","volume":"102","author":"J Furr","year":"2017","unstructured":"Furr J, Watts T, Street R, Cross B, Slobodov G, Patel S (2017) Contemporary Trends in the Inpatient Management of Fournier\u2019s Gangrene: Predictors of Length of Stay and Mortality Based on Population-based Sample. Urology 102:79\u201384","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"12","key":"4416_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.12396","volume":"15","author":"R Czymek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Czymek R, Kujath P, Bruch HP, Pfeiffer D, Nebrig M, Seehofer D, Guckelberger O (2013) Treatment, outcome, and quality of life after Fournier\u2019s gangrene: a multicentre study. Colorectal Dis 15(12):1529\u20131536","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"4416_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e938578","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.938578","volume":"28","author":"YA Azmi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Azmi YA, Alkaff FF, Purba AKR, Renaldo J, Yogiswara N, Postma MJ (2022) Factors for In-Hospital Mortality in 145 Male Patients with Fournier\u2019s Gangrene: A 10-Year Observational Study from a Single Tertiary Referral Center in Indonesia. Med Sci Monit 28:e938578","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"23","key":"4416_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14232732","volume":"14","author":"H Y\u00f6nder","year":"2024","unstructured":"Y\u00f6nder H, \u00c7elik M, Berhuni MS, Gen\u00e7 AC, Elkan H, Tatl\u0131 F, \u00d6zg\u00f6n\u00fcl A, \u00c7ift\u00e7i F, Erkmen F, Karabay O, Uzunk\u00f6y A (2024) Fournier\u2019s Gangrene Mortality Index (FGMI): A New Scoring System for Predicting Fournier\u2019s Gangrene Mortality. Diagnostics (Basel) 14(23):2732","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4416_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-025-05635-z","volume":"43","author":"A Ayten","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ayten A, Gelmis M, K\u0131n\u0131k AH, Ozlu DN, Kose MG (2025) A new tool to predict mortality in Fournier\u2019s Gangrene: Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score. World J Urol 43(1):277","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4416_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.19127\/mbsjohs.1035310","volume":"8","author":"I Yazici","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yazici I et al (2022) Fournier\u2019s Gangrene: Our Clinical Experience and Outcomes. Mid Black Sea J Health Sci 8(1):123\u2013129","journal-title":"Mid Black Sea J Health Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4416_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-03561-7","volume":"18","author":"R Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang R, Zhang Y, Hou L, Yan C (2023) Vacuum-assisted closure versus conventional dressing in necrotizing fasciitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 18(1):85","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"4416_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2017.12.020","volume":"50","author":"Y Yin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yin Y, Zhang R, Li S, Guo J, Hou Z, Zhang Y (2018) Negative-pressure therapy versus conventional therapy on split-thickness skin graft: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg (London England) 50:43\u201348","journal-title":"Int J Surg (London England)"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"4416_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12664","volume":"13","author":"EL Anghel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anghel EL, Kim PJ, Attinger CE (2016) A solution for complex wounds: the evidence for negative pressure wound therapy with instillation. Int Wound J 13(Suppl 3):19\u201324","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"issue":"2","key":"4416_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.29271\/jcpsp.2020.02.163","volume":"30","author":"AM Mujahid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mujahid AM, Khalid FA, Ali N, Sajjad Y, Khan H, Tarar MN (2020) Vacuum-assisted Closure in Integration of Skin Graft Over Scalp Wounds: A Randomised Control Trial. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 30(2):163\u2013167","journal-title":"J Coll Physicians Surg Pak"},{"issue":"10","key":"4416_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2023.44.20230386","volume":"44","author":"Y Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu Y, Shen G, Hao C (2023) Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is superior to conventional moist dressings in wound bed preparation for diabetic foot ulcers: A randomized controlled trial. Saudi Med J 44(10):1020\u20131029","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"10","key":"4416_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2017.02.033","volume":"75","author":"J Laimer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Laimer J, Steinmassl O, Hechenberger M, Rasse M, Pikula R, Bruckmoser E (2017) Intraoral Vacuum-Assisted Closure Therapy-A Pilot Study in Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 75(10):2154\u20132161","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4416_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2008.07.053","volume":"197","author":"R Czymek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Czymek R, Schmidt A, Eckmann C et al (2009) Fournier\u2019s gangrene: vacuum-assisted closure versus conventional dressings. Am J Surg 197(2):168\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2008.07.053","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"4416_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-023-02109-0","volume":"23","author":"JH Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen JH, Li YB, Li DG, Zeng XM, Yao QY, Fu J et al (2023) Vacuum sealing drainage to treat Fournier\u2019s gangrene. BMC Surg 23:211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12893-023-02109-0","journal-title":"BMC Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"4416_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12101695","volume":"12","author":"M Altomare","year":"2022","unstructured":"Altomare M, Benuzzi L, Molteni M, Virdis F, Spota A, Cioffi SPB et al (2022) Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for the Treatment of Fournier\u2019s Gangrene: A Rare Case with Rectal Fistula and Systematic Review. J Pers Med 12(10):1695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm12101695","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4416_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020197","volume":"12","author":"L Schneidewind","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schneidewind L, Kiss B, Stangl FP, Tandogdu Z, Wagenlehner FME, Johansen TEB et al (2023) Practice patterns in Fournier\u2019s Gangrene in Europe and implications for a prospective registry study. Antibiotics 12(2):197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics12020197","journal-title":"Antibiotics"}],"container-title":["Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11845-026-04416-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11845-026-04416-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11845-026-04416-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T02:12:00Z","timestamp":1789783920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11845-026-04416-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["4416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11845-026-04416-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-1265","1863-4362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-1265","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-4362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Samsun University (approval number: GOKAEK 2025\/13\/7). Owing to the retrospective design of the study, the requirement for written informed consent was waived by the ethics committee.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable (waived by ethics committee due to the retrospective nature of the study).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable (waived by ethics committee due to the retrospective nature of the study).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there are no relevant conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}