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Manual therapy targeting joint and soft tissue structures is commonly used; however, the comparative immediate effects of these approaches remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the immediate effects of joint-oriented manual therapy (J-MT) and soft-tissue\u2013oriented manual therapy (ST-MT) on dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM), foot morphology, dynamic balance, and muscle mechanical properties in physically active adults with FPP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this prospective randomized controlled trial, 45 adults (18\u201335\u00a0years) with FPP were allocated to J-MT (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200915), ST-MT (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200915), or control (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200915) using concealed block randomization. J-MT involved ankle\u2013foot joint mobilization, while ST-MT targeted the triceps surae, Achilles tendon, and plantar fascia. Controls received no intervention. The primary outcome was DFROM (weight-bearing lunge test). Secondary outcomes included navicular drop (ND), Foot Posture Index (FPI), Y-Balance Test, and myotonometric muscle properties. Assessments were performed pre- and post-intervention.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both J-MT and ST-MT significantly reduced ND and FPI versus controls (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), with no between-group difference. J-MT improved DFROM and anterior reach more than ST-MT (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). No significant differences in dynamic balance were observed. ST-MT reduced soleus tone and tibialis anterior stiffness, while both interventions improved soleus elasticity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). No adverse events occurred.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>J-MT and ST-MT produce immediate, parameter-specific effects in FPP. J-MT enhances dorsiflexion, whereas ST-MT better modulates muscle mechanical properties, supporting the selection of targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-026-04464-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T01:04:07Z","timestamp":1779757447000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immediate effects of joint- versus soft-tissue-oriented manual therapy on lower-limb function and muscle mechanics in individuals with flexible pes planus: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8897-2848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bensu","family":"Sogut-Kazan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1606-3180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezgi","family":"Unuvar-Yuksel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8315-8465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hande","family":"Guney-Deniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4464_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.67B1.3968149","volume":"67","author":"GK Rose","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rose GK, Welton EA, Marshall T (1985) The diagnosis of flat foot in the child. 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