{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:46:00Z","timestamp":1791841560324,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ir J Med Sci"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-026-04655-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:25:48Z","timestamp":1791825948000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Paradoxical reactions during treatment of miliary tuberculosis: a 25-year single-centre case series and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2100-3035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdurrahman","family":"Kaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Mert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"4655_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0821-2","volume":"21","author":"VC Cheng","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cheng VC, Ho PL, Lee RA et al (2002) Clinical spectrum of paradoxical deterioration during antituberculosis therapy in non-HIV-infected patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 21:803\u2013809","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"4655_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.019224","volume":"59","author":"RA Breen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Breen RA, Smith CJ, Bettinson H et al (2004) Paradoxical reactions during tuberculosis treatment in patients with and without HIV co-infection. Thorax 59:704\u2013707","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"4655_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-012-0376-9","volume":"41","author":"G Geri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Geri G, Passeron A, Heym B et al (2013) Paradoxical reactions during treatment of tuberculosis with extrapulmonary manifestations in HIV-negative patients. Infection 41:537\u2013543","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"4655_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1816-4","volume":"16","author":"CS Brown","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brown CS, Smith CJ, Breen RAM et al (2016) Determinants of treatment-related paradoxical reactions during anti-tuberculosis therapy: a case-control study. BMC Infect Dis 16:479","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"4655_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.12.030","volume":"32","author":"LC Bell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bell LC, Breen R, Miller RF et al (2015) Paradoxical reactions and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis 32:39\u201345","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"4655_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"TNMI7","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0013-2016","volume":"5","author":"SK Sharma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharma SK, Mohan A (2017) Miliary tuberculosis. Microbiol Spectr 5:TNMI7\u20130013","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"4655_CR7","first-page":"38","volume":"64","author":"P Rathi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rathi P, Gambhire P (2016) Abdominal tuberculosis. J Assoc Physicians India 64:38\u201347","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"4655_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01723.x","volume":"15","author":"RW Light","year":"2010","unstructured":"Light RW (2010) Update on tuberculous pleural effusion. Respirology 15:451\u2013458","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"4655_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540050164191","volume":"32","author":"A Mert","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mert A, Bilir M, Ozturk R et al (2000) Tuberculous subcutaneous abscesses developing during miliary tuberculosis therapy. Scand J Infect Dis 32:37\u201340","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"4655_CR10","first-page":"42","volume":"101","author":"A Mert","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mert A, Bilir M, Ozaras R et al (2001) A rare complication of miliary tuberculosis: intestinal perforation. Acta Chir Belg 101:42\u201345","journal-title":"Acta Chir Belg"},{"key":"4655_CR11","first-page":"45","volume":"7","author":"A Mert","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mert A, Bilir M, Akman C et al (2001) Spontaneous pneumothorax: a rare complication of miliary tuberculosis. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 7:45\u201348","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"4655_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00196","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.196","volume":"4","author":"M Saitou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saitou M, Suzuki T, Niitsuma K (2016) Intestinal perforation due to paradoxical reaction during treatment for miliary tuberculosis. Respirol Case Rep 4:e00196","journal-title":"Respirol Case Rep"},{"key":"4655_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2013201109","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-201109","volume":"2014","author":"AS Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh AS, Atam V, Das L (2014) Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax complicating miliary tuberculosis in a young woman. BMJ Case Rep 2014:bcr2013201109","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"4655_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-024-02310-0","volume":"52","author":"SM Hermans","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hermans SM, Akkerman OW, Meintjes G et al (2024) Post-tuberculosis treatment paradoxical reactions. Infection 52:2083\u20132095","journal-title":"Infection"}],"container-title":["Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11845-026-04655-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11845-026-04655-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11845-026-04655-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:02:00Z","timestamp":1791838920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11845-026-04655-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["4655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11845-026-04655-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-1265","1863-4362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-1265","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-4362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Written and verbal consents were obtained from all patients.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics and consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}