{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:12:57Z","timestamp":1784736777633,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Novocure, Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr. Treat. Options in Oncol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Opinion Statement<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Pleural mesothelioma is an incurable cancer with unmet diagnostic and therapeutic needs. Due to its pattern of local spread, few patients are candidates for multimodality treatment and thus most patients only receive systemic therapy. Chemotherapy (pemetrexed plus platinum) was standard of care until the recent addition of immunotherapy (nivolumab plus ipilimumab, or pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy) as further first-line option. Physicians treating pleural mesothelioma should be aware of another option with Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy, a locoregionally-applied therapy utilizing electric fields generated by a portable medical device, and delivered to the tumor by skin-placed arrays. TTFields therapy delivered to the thorax using the NovoTTF- 100L device concomitant with pemetrexed and platinum agent is approved for unresectable pleural mesothelioma in the US, and received Conformit\u00e9 Europ\u00e9enne certification in Europe, based on results from the phase 2 STELLAR study (EF- 23; NCT02397928), where TTFields-related toxicity was limited to mild-to-moderate reversible skin reactions. Overall survival in the STELLAR study with TTFields therapy was 18.2 months, with further post-hoc analysis showing extended survival in patients with epithelioid histology. Within the evolving landscape of systemic treatments, TTFields therapy represents a novel and clinically versatile therapeutic option in the battle against pleural mesothelioma without introducing additional toxicities other than mild-to-moderate skin irritation. While promising, additional research is needed to optimize clinical application of TTFields therapy in patients with pleural mesothelioma, such as identifying the molecular determinants of therapy efficacy, and further investigation into the safe and effective delivery of TTFields therapy together with systemic agents, including immunotherapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-025-01320-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T08:45:20Z","timestamp":1745397920000},"page":"398-414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) Therapy in Unresectable Pleural Mesothelioma: Overview of Efficacy, Safety, and Future Outlook"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8599-0629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni Luca","family":"Ceresoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0151-0454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Letizia","family":"Gianoncelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1320_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21572","volume":"69","author":"M Carbone","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carbone M, Adusumilli PS, Alexander HR Jr, Baas P, Bardelli F, Bononi A, et al. Mesothelioma: scientific clues for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. CA Cancer J Clin. 2019;69:402\u201329.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"1320_CR2","first-page":"63","volume":"7","author":"SC Patel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patel SC, Dowell JE. Modern management of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Lung Cancer (Auckl). 2016;7:63\u201372.","journal-title":"Lung Cancer (Auckl)"},{"issue":"716\u201324","key":"1320_CR3","first-page":"24a","volume":"89","author":"V Delgermaa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Delgermaa V, Takahashi K, Park EK, Le GV, Hara T, Sorahan T. Global mesothelioma deaths reported to the world health organization between 1994 and 2008. Bull World Health Organ. 2011;89(716\u201324):24a\u201324c.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"1320_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kindler HL, Ismaila N, Bazhenova L, Chu Q, Churpek JE, Dagogo-Jack I, et al. Treatment of Pleural Mesothelioma: ASCO Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol. 2025;JCO2402425.","DOI":"10.1200\/OP-25-00035"},{"key":"1320_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.02.043","volume":"21","author":"VW Rusch","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rusch VW. Pemetrexed and cisplatin for malignant pleural mesothelioma: a new standard of care? J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:2629\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.11.136","volume":"21","author":"NJ Vogelzang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vogelzang NJ, Rusthoven JJ, Symanowski J, Denham C, Kaukel E, Ruffie P, et al. Phase III study of pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin versus cisplatin alone in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:2636\u201344.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604442","volume":"99","author":"GL Ceresoli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ceresoli GL, Castagneto B, Zucali PA, Favaretto A, Mencoboni M, Grossi F, et al. Pemetrexed plus carboplatin in elderly patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma: combined analysis of two phase II trials. Br J Cancer. 2008;99:51\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"1320_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.3190","volume":"24","author":"GL Ceresoli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ceresoli GL, Zucali PA, Favaretto AG, Grossi F, Bidoli P, Del Conte G, et al. Phase II study of pemetrexed plus carboplatin in malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:1443\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01238-6","volume":"387","author":"G Zalcman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zalcman G, Mazieres J, Margery J, Greillier L, Audigier-Valette C, Moro-Sibilot D, et al. Bevacizumab for newly diagnosed pleural mesothelioma in the mesothelioma avastin cisplatin pemetrexed study (MAPS): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016;387:1405\u201314.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1320_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.11.005","volume":"33","author":"S Popat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Popat S, Baas P, Faivre-Finn C, Girard N, Nicholson AG, Nowak AK, et al. Malignant pleural mesothelioma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2022;33:129\u201342.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32714-8","volume":"397","author":"P Baas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baas P, Scherpereel A, Nowak AK, Fujimoto N, Peters S, Tsao AS, et al. First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab in unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma (CheckMate 743): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2021;397:375\u201386.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1320_CR12","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves nivolumab and ipilimumab for unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma. 2020. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/resources-information-approved-drugs\/fda-approves-nivolumab-and-ipilimumab-unresectable-malignant-pleural-mesothelioma. Accessed December 16 2022."},{"key":"1320_CR13","unstructured":"Bristol Myers Squibb. Bristol Myers Squibb Receives European Commission Approval for Opdivo (nivolumab) Plus Yervoy (ipilimumab) as First-Line Treatment for Unresectable Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. 2021. https:\/\/news.bms.com\/news\/details\/2021\/Bristol-Myers-Squibb-Receives-European-Commission-Approval-for-Opdivo-nivolumab-Plus-Yervoy-ipilimumab-as-First-Line-Treatment-for-Unresectable-Malignant-Pleural-Mesothelioma\/default.aspx. Accessed July 2023."},{"key":"1320_CR14","unstructured":"FDA. FDA approval of Pembrolizumab with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy for MPM, mesothelioma. 2024. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/resources-information-approved-drugs\/fda-approves-pembrolizumab-chemotherapy-unresectable-advanced-or-metastatic-malignant-pleural. Accessed 16 December 2024."},{"key":"1320_CR15","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency. Merck Receives Positive EU CHMP Opinion for KEYTRUDA\u00ae (pembrolizumab) Plus Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Adult Patients With Unresectable Non-Epithelioid Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM). 2024. https:\/\/www.merck.com\/news\/merck-receives-positive-eu-chmp-opinion-for-keytruda-pembrolizumab-plus-chemotherapy-as-first-line-treatment-for-adult-patients-with-unresectable-non-epithelioid-malignant-pleural-mesothelioma\/. Accessed 6 March 2025."},{"key":"1320_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2014.03.006","volume":"84","author":"MG Zauderer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zauderer MG, Kass SL, Woo K, Sima CS, Ginsberg MS, Krug LM. Vinorelbine and gemcitabine as second- or third-line therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Lung Cancer. 2014;84:271\u20134.","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"1320_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2010.12.004","volume":"72","author":"GL Ceresoli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ceresoli GL, Zucali PA, De Vincenzo F, Gianoncelli L, Simonelli M, Lorenzi E, et al. Retreatment with pemetrexed-based chemotherapy in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Lung Cancer. 2011;72:73\u20137.","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"1320_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-09750-7","volume":"22","author":"A Moore","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moore A, Bennett B, Taylor-Stokes G, McDonald L, Daumont MJ. Malignant pleural mesothelioma: treatment patterns and humanistic burden of disease in Europe. BMC Cancer. 2022;22:693.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"1320_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.06.028","volume":"22","author":"D Cortinovis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cortinovis D, Grosso F, Carlucci L, Zucali PA, Pasello G, Tiseo M, et al. Trabectedin in malignant pleural mesothelioma: results from the multicentre, single arm, phase II ATREUS study. Clin Lung Cancer. 2021;22:361-70.e3.","journal-title":"Clin Lung Cancer"},{"key":"1320_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2019.12.009","volume":"31","author":"Y Metaxas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Metaxas Y, Fr\u00fch M, Eboulet EI, Grosso F, Pless M, Zucali PA, et al. Lurbinectedin as second- or third-line palliative therapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma: an international, multi-centre, single-arm, phase II trial (SAKK 17\/16). Ann Oncol. 2020;31:495\u2013500.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.05.038","volume":"13","author":"J Quispel-Janssen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Quispel-Janssen J, van der Noort V, de Vries JF, Zimmerman M, Lalezari F, Thunnissen E, et al. Programmed death 1 blockade with nivolumab in patients with recurrent malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol. 2018;13:1569\u201376.","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30765-4","volume":"20","author":"A Scherpereel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scherpereel A, Mazieres J, Greillier L, Lantuejoul S, D\u00f4 P, Bylicki O, et al. Nivolumab or nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with relapsed malignant pleural mesothelioma (IFCT-1501 MAPS2): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, non-comparative, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20:239\u201353.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.09.009","volume":"31","author":"S Popat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Popat S, Curioni-Fontecedro A, Dafni U, Shah R, O\u2019Brien M, Pope A, et al. A multicentre randomised phase III trial comparing pembrolizumab versus single-agent chemotherapy for advanced pre-treated malignant pleural mesothelioma: the European thoracic oncology platform (ETOP 9\u201315) PROMISE-meso trial. Ann Oncol. 2020;31:1734\u201345.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00471-X","volume":"22","author":"DA Fennell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fennell DA, Ewings S, Ottensmeier C, Califano R, Hanna GG, Hill K, et al. Nivolumab versus placebo in patients with relapsed malignant mesothelioma (CONFIRM): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22:1530\u201340.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)70056-2","volume":"16","author":"LM Krug","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krug LM, Kindler HL, Calvert H, Manegold C, Tsao AS, Fennell D, et al. Vorinostat in patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma who have progressed on previous chemotherapy (VANTAGE-014): a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16:447\u201356.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30193-1","volume":"19","author":"V Gregorc","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gregorc V, Gaafar RM, Favaretto A, Grossi F, Jassem J, Polychronis A, et al. NGR-hTNF in combination with best investigator choice in previously treated malignant pleural mesothelioma (NGR015): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19:799\u2013811.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00404-6","volume":"22","author":"C Pinto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pinto C, Zucali PA, Pagano M, Grosso F, Pasello G, Garassino MC, et al. Gemcitabine with or without ramucirumab as second-line treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma (RAMES): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22:1438\u201347.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-1117","volume":"24","author":"EJ Mun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mun EJ, Babiker HM, Weinberg U, Kirson ED, Von Hoff DD. Tumor-treating fields: a fourth modality in cancer treatment. Clin Cancer Res. 2018;24:266\u201375.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"1320_CR29","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data (SSED): Optune\u2122 (formerly NovoTTF-100A\u2122 System). 2015. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/cdrh_docs\/pdf10\/P100034S013b.pdf. Accessed August 13, 2024 2024."},{"key":"1320_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.04.011","volume":"48","author":"R Stupp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stupp R, Wong ET, Kanner AA, Steinberg D, Engelhard H, Heidecke V, et al. NovoTTF-100A versus physician\u2019s choice chemotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma: a randomised phase III trial of a novel treatment modality. Eur J Cancer. 2012;48:2192\u2013202.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"1320_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.18718","volume":"318","author":"R Stupp","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stupp R, Taillibert S, Kanner A, Read W, Steinberg D, Lhermitte B, et al. Effect of tumor-treating fields plus maintenance temozolomide vs maintenance temozolomide alone on survival in patients with glioblastoma: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017;318:2306\u201316.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1320_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.16669","volume":"314","author":"R Stupp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stupp R, Taillibert S, Kanner AA, Kesari S, Steinberg DM, Toms SA, et al. Maintenance therapy with tumor-treating fields plus temozolomide vs temozolomide alone for glioblastoma: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;314:2535\u201343.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1320_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30532-7","volume":"20","author":"GL Ceresoli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ceresoli GL, Aerts JG, Dziadziuszko R, Ramlau R, Cedres S, van Meerbeeck JP, et al. Tumour treating fields in combination with pemetrexed and cisplatin or carboplatin as first-line treatment for unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma (STELLAR): a multicentre, single-arm phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20:1702\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR34","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Humanitarian Device Exemption (HDE): Optune Lua. 2019. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfhde\/hde.cfm?id=431319. Accessed December 14 2022."},{"key":"1320_CR35","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Summary of Safety and Probable Benefit (SSPB): NovoTTF\u2122-100L System. 2019. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/cdrh_docs\/pdf18\/H180002B.pdf. Accessed December 15 2022."},{"key":"1320_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00344-3","volume":"24","author":"T Leal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leal T, Kotecha R, Ramlau R, Zhang L, Milanowski J, Cobo M, et al. Tumor Treating Fields therapy with standard systemic therapy versus standard systemic therapy alone in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer following progression on or after platinum-based therapy (LUNAR): a randomised, open-label, pivotal phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2023;24:1002\u201317.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR37","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Premarket Approval (PMA) Optune Lua: Electrical tumor treatment fields for non-small cell lung cancer. 2024. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfpma\/pma.cfm?id=P230042. Accessed October 28 2024."},{"key":"1320_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2018.10.004","volume":"19","author":"F Rivera","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rivera F, Benavides M, Gallego J, Guillen-Ponce C, Lopez-Martin J, K\u00fcng M. Tumor Treating Fields in combination with gemcitabine or gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel in pancreatic cancer: results of the PANOVA phase 2 study. Pancreatology. 2019;19:64\u201372.","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"1320_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.05.808","volume":"32","author":"E Gkika","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gkika E, Grosu A, Macarulla T, Cubillo A, Pazgan-Simon M, Seufferlein T, et al. O-16 HEPANOVA: final efficacy and safety results from a phase 2 study of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields, 150 kHz) concomitant with sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Oncol. 2021;32:S225.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"1320_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.10.101","volume":"33","author":"J Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li J, Cang S, Ling Y, Lam KO, Chen Y, Xu Y, et al. LBA3 Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy plus XELOX chemotherapy for front line treatment of advanced unresectable gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJC) or gastric adenocarcinoma (GC): A multicenter phase II trial. Ann Oncol. 2022;33(Suppl 9):S1455.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14061568","volume":"14","author":"E Gkika","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gkika E, Grosu A-L, Macarulla Mercade T, Cubillo Graci\u00e1n A, Brunner TB, Schulthei\u00df M, et al. Tumor Treating Fields concomitant with sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular cancer: results of the HEPANOVA phase II study. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14:1568.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"1320_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18046","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18046","volume":"5","author":"M Giladi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Giladi M, Schneiderman RS, Voloshin T, Porat Y, Munster M, Blat R, et al. Mitotic spindle disruption by alternating electric fields leads to improper chromosome segregation and mitotic catastrophe in cancer cells. Sci Rep. 2015;5:18046.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1320_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05073-4","volume":"13","author":"L Mannarino","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mannarino L, Mirimao F, Panini N, Paracchini L, Marchini S, Beltrame L, et al. Tumor Treating Fields affect mesothelioma cell proliferation by exerting histotype-dependent cell cycle checkpoint activations and transcriptional modulations. Cell Death Dis. 2022;13:612.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"1320_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2021.08.011","volume":"160","author":"H Mumblat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mumblat H, Martinez-Conde A, Braten O, Munster M, Dor-On E, Schneiderman RS, et al. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) downregulate the fanconi anemia-BRCA pathway and increase the efficacy of chemotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma preclinical models. Lung Cancer. 2021;160:99\u2013110.","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"1320_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3288","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-0083","volume":"64","author":"ED Kirson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kirson ED, Gurvich Z, Schneiderman R, Dekel E, Itzhaki A, Wasserman Y, et al. Disruption of cancer cell replication by alternating electric fields. Cancer Res. 2004;64:3288\u201395.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"1320_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2019.10.003","volume":"217","author":"NK Karanam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karanam NK, Ding L, Aroumougame A, Story MD. Tumor Treating Fields cause replication stress and interfere with DNA replication fork maintenance: implications for cancer therapy. Transl Res. 2020;217:33\u201346.","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"key":"1320_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-020-02534-7","volume":"69","author":"T Voloshin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Voloshin T, Kaynan N, Davidi S, Porat Y, Shteingauz A, Schneiderman RS, et al. Tumor-treating fields (TTFields) induce immunogenic cell death resulting in enhanced antitumor efficacy when combined with anti-PD-1 therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2020;69:1191\u2013204.","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"1320_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3016","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12103016","volume":"12","author":"T Voloshin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Voloshin T, Schneiderman RS, Volodin A, Shamir RR, Kaynan N, Zeevi E, et al. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) hinder cancer cell motility through regulation of microtubule and actin dynamics. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12:3016.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"1320_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2711","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.136","volume":"8","author":"NK Karanam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Karanam NK, Srinivasan K, Ding L, Sishc B, Saha D, Story MD. Tumor-treating fields elicit a conditional vulnerability to ionizing radiation via the downregulation of BRCA1 signaling and reduced DNA double-strand break repair capacity in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Cell Death Dis. 2017;8:e2711.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"1320_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-018-0130-x","volume":"4","author":"E Chang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chang E, Patel CB, Pohling C, Young C, Song J, Flores TA, et al. Tumor Treating Fields increases membrane permeability in glioblastoma cells. Cell Death Discov. 2018;4:113.","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"1320_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670809","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.670809","volume":"11","author":"R Blatt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Blatt R, Davidi S, Munster M, Shteingauz A, Cahal S, Zeidan A, et al. In vivo safety of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) applied to the torso. Front Oncol. 2021;11:670809.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2020.1837984","volume":"97","author":"NK Karanam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karanam NK, Story MD. An overview of potential novel mechanisms of action underlying Tumor Treating Fields-induced cancer cell death and their clinical implications. Int J Radiat Biol. 2021;97:1044\u201354.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol"},{"key":"1320_CR53","unstructured":"Cooper GM. The development and causes of cancer. The cell: a molecular approach. 2nd edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2000."},{"key":"1320_CR54","unstructured":"Baba AI, C\u00e2toi C. Tumor cell morphology. Comparative Oncology. Bucharest, RO: the Publishing House of the Romanian Academy; 2007."},{"key":"1320_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0222289","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222289","volume":"14","author":"CI Trainito","year":"2019","unstructured":"Trainito CI, Sweeney DC, Cemazar J, Schmelz EM, Francais O, Le Pioufle B, et al. Characterization of sequentially-staged cancer cells using electrorotation. PLoS ONE. 2019;14:e0222289.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1320_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/30\/5\/003","volume":"30","author":"D Haemmerich","year":"2009","unstructured":"Haemmerich D, Schutt DJ, Wright AW, Webster JG, Mahvi DM. Electrical conductivity measurement of excised human metastatic liver tumours before and after thermal ablation. Physiol Meas. 2009;30:459\u201366.","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"1320_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25979","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2830883","volume":"6","author":"MA Ahmad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahmad MA, Natour ZA, Mustafa F, Rizvi TA. Electrical characterization of normal and cancer cells. IEEE Access. 2018;6:25979\u201386.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1320_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10152","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702916104","volume":"104","author":"ED Kirson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kirson ED, Dbal\u00fd V, Tovary\u0161 F, Vymazal J, Soustiel JF, Itzhaki A, et al. Alternating electric fields arrest cell proliferation in animal tumor models and human brain tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104:10152\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1320_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0125269","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125269","volume":"10","author":"N Gera","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gera N, Yang A, Holtzman TS, Lee SX, Wong ET, Swanson KD. Tumor Treating Fields perturb the localization of septins and cause aberrant mitotic exit. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0125269.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1320_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7362","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43621-9","volume":"9","author":"L Berkelmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Berkelmann L, Bader A, Meshksar S, Dierks A, Hatipoglu Majernik G, Krauss JK, et al. Tumour-treating fields (TTFields): investigations on the mechanism of action by electromagnetic exposure of cells in telophase\/cytokinesis. Sci Rep. 2019;9:7362.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1320_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1085-9","volume":"9","author":"A Shteingauz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shteingauz A, Porat Y, Voloshin T, Schneiderman RS, Munster M, Zeevi E, et al. AMPK-dependent autophagy upregulation serves as a survival mechanism in response to Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields). Cell Death Dis. 2018;9:1074.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"1320_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6630","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-019-0882-7","volume":"38","author":"EH Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim EH, Jo Y, Sai S, Park M-J, Kim J-Y, Kim JS, et al. Tumor-treating fields induce autophagy by blocking the Akt2\/miR29b axis in glioblastoma cells. Oncogene. 2019;38:6630\u201346.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"1320_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14122959","volume":"14","author":"S Davidi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Davidi S, Jacobovitch S, Shteingauz A, Martinez-Conde A, Braten O, Tempel-Brami C, et al. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) concomitant with sorafenib inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14:2959.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"1320_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2753","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.171","volume":"8","author":"M Silginer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silginer M, Weller M, Stupp R, Roth P. Biological activity of tumor-treating fields in preclinical glioma models. Cell Death Dis. 2017;8:e2753.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"1320_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3684","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113684","volume":"19","author":"Y Jo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jo Y, Kim EH, Sai S, Kim JS, Cho J-M, Kim H, et al. Functional biological activity of sorafenib as a tumor-treating field sensitizer for glioblastoma therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19:3684.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1320_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3466","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113466","volume":"19","author":"CW Yun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yun CW, Lee SH. The roles of autophagy in cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19:3466.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1320_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-009-9262-y","volume":"26","author":"ED Kirson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kirson ED, Giladi M, Gurvich Z, Itzhaki A, Mordechovich D, Schneiderman RS, et al. Alternating electric fields (TTFields) inhibit metastatic spread of solid tumors to the lungs. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2009;26:633\u201340.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Metastasis"},{"key":"1320_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14073","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214073","volume":"23","author":"Y Barsheshet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barsheshet Y, Voloshin T, Brant B, Cohen G, Koren L, Blatt R, et al. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) concomitant with immune checkpoint inhibitors are therapeutically effective in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in vivo model. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:14073.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1320_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e149258","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI149258","volume":"132","author":"D Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen D, Le SB, Hutchinson TE, Calinescu AA, Sebastian M, Jin D, et al. Tumor Treating Fields dually activate STING and AIM2 inflammasomes to induce adjuvant immunity in glioblastoma. J Clin Invest. 2022;132:e149258.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1320_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527319666200702144749","volume":"19","author":"C Kissling","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kissling C, Di Santo S. Tumor Treating Fields - behind and beyond inhibiting the cancer cell cycle. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2020;19:599\u2013610.","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"1320_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-01136-5","volume":"124","author":"O Rominiyi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rominiyi O, Vanderlinden A, Clenton SJ, Bridgewater C, Al-Tamimi Y, Collis SJ. Tumour treating fields therapy for glioblastoma: current advances and future directions. Br J Cancer. 2021;124:697\u2013709.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"1320_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-017-0941-6","volume":"12","author":"M Giladi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giladi M, Munster M, Schneiderman RS, Voloshin T, Porat Y, Blat R, et al. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) delay DNA damage repair following radiation treatment of glioma cells. Radiat Oncol. 2017;12:206.","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65125","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.11372","volume":"7","author":"EH Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim EH, Song HS, Yoo SH, Yoon M. Tumor Treating Fields inhibit glioblastoma cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Oncotarget. 2016;7:65125\u201336.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"1320_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5361","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2015-5361","volume":"75","author":"M Giladi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Giladi M, Munster M, Blat R, Schneiderman R, Porat Y, Bomzon Z, et al. Abstract 5361: in vitro results and electric fields simulations suggest Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) to be an effective treatment against mesothelioma. Cancer Res. 2015;75:5361.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"1320_CR75","unstructured":"Novocure. Optune LUA\u2122: Instructions for use for unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma. 2022. https:\/\/www.optunelua.com\/mpm\/instructions-for-use. Accessed December 19 2024."},{"key":"1320_CR76","unstructured":"Novocure. Optune Lua\u2122 for unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma \u2013 patient information and operation manual. 2021. https:\/\/www.optunelua.com\/pdfs\/Optune-Lua-MPM-operation-manual.pdf. Accessed December 22 2022."},{"key":"1320_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"v187","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz244.059","volume":"30","author":"F Grosso","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grosso F, Pless M, Ceresoli GL. Safety of tumour treating fields delivery to the torso: meta analysis from TTFields clinical trials. Ann Oncol. 2019;30:v187\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soncn.2018.03.005","volume":"34","author":"L Benson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Benson L. Tumor Treating Fields technology: alternating electric field therapy for the treatment of solid tumors. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2018;34:137\u201350.","journal-title":"Semin Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"1320_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdh059","volume":"15","author":"MJ Byrne","year":"2004","unstructured":"Byrne MJ, Nowak AK. Modified RECIST criteria for assessment of response in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Ann Oncol. 2004;15:257\u201360.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"13_Supplement","key":"1320_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CT201","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2019-CT201","volume":"79","author":"GL Ceresoli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ceresoli GL, Aerts J, Madrzak J, Dziadziuszko R, Ramlau R, Cedres S, et al. Final results of Phase II STELLAR trial: TTFields with chemotherapy in unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma. Cancer Res. 2019;79(13_Supplement):CT201.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"1320_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30139-0","volume":"7","author":"GV Scagliotti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scagliotti GV, Gaafar R, Nowak AK, Nakano T, van Meerbeeck J, Popat S, et al. Nintedanib in combination with pemetrexed and cisplatin for chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma (LUME-Meso): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2019;7:569\u201380.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"1320_CR82","first-page":"100342","volume":"17","author":"GL Ceresoli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ceresoli GL, Mannarino L, Paracchini L, Grosso F. Pleural mesothelioma: long-term progression-free survival with Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy case reports. Curr Probl Cancer: Case Rep. 2024;17:100342.","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cancer: Case Rep"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"1320_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2014.09.008","volume":"41","author":"AA Kanner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kanner AA, Wong ET, Villano JL, Ram Z. Post hoc analyses of intention-to-treat population in phase III comparison of NovoTTF-100A\u2122 system versus best physician\u2019s choice chemotherapy. Semin Oncol. 2014;41(Suppl 6):S25\u201334.","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-018-03057-z","volume":"141","author":"SA Toms","year":"2019","unstructured":"Toms SA, Kim CY, Nicholas G, Ram Z. Increased compliance with Tumor Treating Fields therapy is prognostic for improved survival in the treatment of glioblastoma: a subgroup analysis of the EF-14 phase III trial. J Neurooncol. 2019;141:467\u201373.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"1320_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14082020","volume":"14","author":"T Kutuk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kutuk T, Appel H, Avendano MC, Albrecht F, Kaywin P, Ramos S, et al. Feasibility of Tumor Treating Fields with pemetrexed and platinum-based chemotherapy for unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma: single-center, real-world data. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14:2020.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"1320_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.5082","volume":"4","author":"MJB Taphoorn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taphoorn MJB, Dirven L, Kanner AA, Lavy-Shahaf G, Weinberg U, Taillibert S, et al. Influence of treatment with tumor-treating fields on health-related quality of life of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4:495\u2013504.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2018.07.018","volume":"150","author":"I Vergote","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vergote I, von Moos R, Manso L, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Concin N, Sessa C. Tumor Treating Fields in combination with paclitaxel in recurrent ovarian carcinoma: results of the INNOVATE pilot study. Gynecol Oncol. 2018;150:471\u20137.","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2013.06.025","volume":"81","author":"M Pless","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pless M, Droege C, von Moos R, Salzberg M, Betticher D. A phase I\/II trial of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy in combination with pemetrexed for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2013;81:445\u201350.","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"1320_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01045","volume":"10","author":"M Lacouture","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lacouture M, Anadkat MJ, Ballo MT, Iwamoto F, Jeyapalan SA, La Rocca RV, et al. Prevention and management of dermatologic adverse events associated with Tumor Treating Fields in patients with glioblastoma. Front Oncol. 2020;10:1045.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975473","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.975473","volume":"12","author":"MJ Anadkat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anadkat MJ, Lacouture M, Friedman A, Horne ZD, Jung J, Kaffenberger B, et al. Expert guidance on prophylaxis and treatment of dermatologic adverse events with Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy in the thoracic region. Front Oncol. 2023;12:975473.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2014.03.011","volume":"41","author":"M Lacouture","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lacouture M, Davis ME, Elzinga G, Butowski N, Tran D, Villano JL, et al. Characterization and management of dermatologic adverse events with the NovoTTF-100A System, a novel anti-mitotic electric field device for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. Semin Oncol. 2014;41:S1\u201314.","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-017-2612-8","volume":"135","author":"RV Lukas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lukas RV, Ratermann KL, Wong ET, Villano JL. Skin toxicities associated with tumor treating fields: case based review. J Neurooncol. 2017;135:593\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"122","key":"1320_CR93","first-page":"4","volume":"25","author":"K Ousey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ousey K, Cutting KF, Rogers AA, Rippon MG. The importance of hydration in wound healing: reinvigorating the clinical perspective. J Wound Care. 2016;25(122):4\u201330.","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"1320_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tran D, Kesari S, Bota DA. QOLP-15. Safety and adverse event profile of tumor treating fields in anaplastic glioma a post-marketing surveillance analysis. Neuro Oncol. 2018;20:vi217.","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noy148.901"},{"key":"1320_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-020-03540-6","volume":"148","author":"W Shi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shi W, Blumenthal DT, Oberheim Bush NA, Kebir S, Lukas RV, Muragaki Y, et al. Global post-marketing safety surveillance of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) in patients with high-grade glioma in clinical practice. J Neurooncol. 2020;148:489\u2013500.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"1320_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7339","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/18\/7339","volume":"60","author":"C Wenger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wenger C, Salvador R, Basser PJ, Miranda PC. The electric field distribution in the brain during TTFields therapy and its dependence on tissue dielectric properties and anatomy: a computational study. Phys Med Biol. 2015;60:7339\u201357.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"1320_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4137","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/15\/4137","volume":"59","author":"PC Miranda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miranda PC, Mekonnen A, Salvador R, Basser PJ. Predicting the electric field distribution in the brain for the treatment of glioblastoma. Phys Med Biol. 2014;59:4137\u201347.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"1320_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185014","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ab33c6","volume":"64","author":"HS Hershkovich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hershkovich HS, Urman N, Yesharim O, Naveh A, Bomzon Z. The dielectric properties of skin and their influence on the delivery of tumor treating fields to the torso: a study combining in vivo measurements with numerical simulations. Phys Med Biol. 2019;64:185014.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"1320_CR99","first-page":"6888","volume":"2015","author":"Z Bomzon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bomzon Z, Urman N, Wenger C, Giladi M, Weinberg U, Wasserman Y, et al. Modelling Tumor Treating Fields for the treatment of lung-based tumors. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2015;2015:6888\u201391.","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"1320_CR100","first-page":"6461","volume":"2016","author":"Z Bomzon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bomzon Z, Hershkovich HS, Urman N, Chaudhry A, Garcia-Carracedo D, Korshoej AR, et al. Using computational phantoms to improve delivery of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) to patients. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2016;2016:6461\u20134.","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"1320_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18503","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.e18503","volume":"33","author":"Z Bomzon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bomzon Z, Urman N, Wenger C, Giladi M, Weinberg U, Wasserman Y, et al. Transducer array layout optimization for treating lung-based tumors with TTFields. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:e18503.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.04.008","volume":"104","author":"MT Ballo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ballo MT, Urman N, Lavy-Shahaf G, Grewal J, Bomzon Z, Toms S. Correlation of tumor treating fields dosimetry to survival outcomes in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a large-scale numerical simulation-based analysis of data from the phase 3 EF-14 randomized trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2019;104:1106\u201313.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"1320_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Urman N, Levy S, Frenkel A, Manzur D, Hershkovich HS, Naveh A, et al. Investigating the Connection Between Tumor-Treating Fields Distribution in the Brain and Glioblastoma Patient Outcomes. A Simulation-Based Study Utilizing a Novel Model Creation Technique. Brain and Human Body Modeling.: Springer, Cham, 2019; p. 139\u201354.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21293-3_7"},{"key":"1320_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-45623-8_1","volume-title":"Brain and human body modeling 2020: computational human models presented at EMBC 2019 and the BRAIN Initiative\u00ae 2019 Meeting","author":"Z Bomzon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bomzon Z, Wenger C, Proescholdt M, Mohan S. Tumor-Treating Fields at EMBC 2019: A Roadmap to Developing a Framework for TTFields Dosimetry and Treatment Planning. In: Makarov SN, Noetscher GM, Nummenmaa A, editors. Brain and human body modeling 2020: computational human models presented at EMBC 2019 and the BRAIN Initiative\u00ae 2019 Meeting. Cham (CH): Springer; 2021. p. 3\u201317."},{"key":"1320_CR105","unstructured":"Novocure. Novocure Receives CE Mark for NovoTTF-100L\u2122 System. 2020. https:\/\/www.novocure.com\/novocure-receives-ce-mark-for-novottf-100l-system\/. Accessed February 1 2022."},{"key":"1320_CR106","unstructured":"US National Library of Medicine. TTFields in General Routine Clinical Care in Patients with Pleural Mesothelioma Study (TIGER Meso).2022. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05538806. Accessed March 06 2025."},{"key":"1320_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.42","volume":"17","author":"TA Yap","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yap TA, Aerts JG, Popat S, Fennell DA. Novel insights into mesothelioma biology and implications for therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2017;17:475\u201388.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"1320_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00343","volume":"10","author":"L Cantini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cantini L, Hassan R, Sterman DH, Aerts J. Emerging treatments for malignant pleural mesothelioma: where are we heading? Front Oncol. 2020;10:343.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09307-6","volume":"10","author":"Y Blum","year":"2019","unstructured":"Blum Y, Meiller C, Quetel L, Elarouci N, Ayadi M, Tashtanbaeva D, et al. Dissecting heterogeneity in malignant pleural mesothelioma through histo-molecular gradients for clinical applications. Nat Commun. 2019;10:1333.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1320_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13102347","volume":"13","author":"S Dulloo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dulloo S, Bzura A, Fennell DA. Precision therapy for mesothelioma: feasibility and new opportunities. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13:2347.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"1320_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr-20-673","volume":"10","author":"J Menis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Menis J, Pasello G, Remon J. Immunotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma: a review of literature data. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2021;10:2988\u20133000.","journal-title":"Transl Lung Cancer Res"},{"key":"1320_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01613-6","volume":"402","author":"Q Chu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chu Q, Perrone F, Greillier L, Tu W, Piccirillo MC, Grosso F, et al. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy in untreated advanced pleural mesothelioma in Canada, Italy, and France: a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2023;402:2295\u2013306.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1320_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00147-1","volume":"397","author":"GL Ceresoli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ceresoli GL, Pasello G. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in mesothelioma: a turning point. Lancet. 2021;397:348\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1320_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00876-X","volume":"398","author":"P Baas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baas P, Scherpereel A, Nowak AK, Oukessou A, Zalcman G. Heterogeneity of treatment effects in malignant pleural mesothelioma - Authors\u2019 reply. Lancet. 2021;398:302.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1320_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3205","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13133205","volume":"13","author":"AL D\u00e9sage","year":"2021","unstructured":"D\u00e9sage AL, Karpathiou G, Peoc\u2019h M, Froudarakis ME. The immune microenvironment of malignant pleural mesothelioma: a literature review. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13:3205.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"1320_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30191-2","volume":"18","author":"GL Ceresoli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ceresoli GL, Mantovani A. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:559\u201361.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.09.003","volume":"48","author":"N Alcala","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alcala N, Mangiante L, Le-Stang N, Gustafson CE, Boyault S, Damiola F, et al. Redefining malignant pleural mesothelioma types as a continuum uncovers immune-vascular interactions. EBioMedicine. 2019;48:191\u2013202.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"1320_CR118","unstructured":"US National Library of Medicine. LUNAR-2: TTFieldsWith Pembrolizumab + Platinum-based Chemotherapy for Metastatic NSCLC. 2024. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06216301 Accessed March 06 2025."},{"key":"1320_CR119","unstructured":"US National Library of Medicine. LUNAR-4: Effect of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) (150 kHz) Concurrent With Pembrolizumab for Treatment of Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). 2024. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06558799. Accessed March 06 2025."},{"key":"1320_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3520","volume":"48","author":"R Bueno","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bueno R, Stawiski EW, Goldstein LD, Durinck S, De Rienzo A, Modrusan Z, et al. Comprehensive genomic analysis of malignant pleural mesothelioma identifies recurrent mutations, gene fusions and splicing alterations. Nat Genet. 2016;48:407\u201316.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"1320_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0804","volume":"8","author":"J Hmeljak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hmeljak J, Sanchez-Vega F, Hoadley KA, Shih J, Stewart C, Heiman D, et al. Integrative molecular characterization of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Cancer Discov. 2018;8:1548\u201365.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"1320_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30390-8","volume":"9","author":"DA Fennell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fennell DA, King A, Mohammed S, Branson A, Brookes C, Darlison L, et al. Rucaparib in patients with BAP1-deficient or BRCA1-deficient mesothelioma (MiST1): an open-label, single-arm, phase 2a clinical trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9:593\u2013600.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"1320_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001601","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001601","volume":"9","author":"A Alay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alay A, Cordero D, Hijazo-Pechero S, Aliagas E, Lopez-Doriga A, Mar\u00edn R, et al. Integrative transcriptome analysis of malignant pleural mesothelioma reveals a clinically relevant immune-based classification. J Immunother Cancer. 2021;9:e001601.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"1320_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21798-w","volume":"12","author":"M Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang M, Luo JL, Sun Q, Harber J, Dawson AG, Nakas A, et al. Clonal architecture in mesothelioma is prognostic and shapes the tumour microenvironment. Nat Commun. 2021;12:1751.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1320_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22142-y","volume":"12","author":"MG Zauderer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zauderer MG. The therapeutic implications of the genomic analysis of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Nat Commun. 2021;12:1819.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1320_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13020282","volume":"13","author":"E Marcq","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marcq E, Van Audenaerde JRM, De Waele J, Merlin C, Pauwels P, van Meerbeeck JP, et al. The search for an interesting partner to combine with PD-L1 blockade in mesothelioma: focus on TIM-3 and LAG-3. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13:282.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"1320_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2019.06.001","volume":"46","author":"A Tsao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tsao A, Nakano T, Nowak AK, Popat S, Scagliotti GV, Heymach J. Targeting angiogenesis for patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma. Semin Oncol. 2019;46:145\u201354.","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy086","volume":"29","author":"G Pasello","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pasello G, Zago G, Lunardi F, Urso L, Kern I, Vlacic G, et al. Malignant pleural mesothelioma immune microenvironment and checkpoint expression: correlation with clinical-pathological features and intratumor heterogeneity over time. Ann Oncol. 2018;29:1258\u201365.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR129","first-page":"S98","volume":"78","author":"M Metzenmacher","year":"2024","unstructured":"Metzenmacher M, Groh\u00e9 C, Pl\u00f6nes T, Grosso F, Ceresoli G. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) in general routine clinical care in patients with pleural mesothelioma (TIGER Meso). Pneumologie. 2024;78:S98\u20139.","journal-title":"Pneumologie"},{"key":"1320_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30362-3","volume":"9","author":"CJ de Gooijer","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Gooijer CJ, van der Noort V, Stigt JA, Baas P, Biesma B, Cornelissen R, et al. Switch-maintenance gemcitabine after first-line chemotherapy in patients with malignant mesothelioma (NVALT19): an investigator-initiated, randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9:585\u201392.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"1320_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30516-6","volume":"9","author":"AK Nowak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nowak AK. New and old treatments for malignant mesothelioma: not just immunotherapy. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9:547\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"1320_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-023-01367-8","volume":"25","author":"Q Chu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chu Q. Targeting mesothelin in solid tumours: anti-mesothelin antibody and drug conjugates. Curr Oncol Rep. 2023;25:309\u201323.","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"key":"1320_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00061-4","volume":"23","author":"HL Kindler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kindler HL, Novello S, Bearz A, Ceresoli GL, Aerts J, Spicer J, et al. Anetumab ravtansine versus vinorelbine in patients with relapsed, mesothelin-positive malignant pleural mesothelioma (ARCS-M): a randomised, open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23:540\u201352.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-1181","volume":"28","author":"S Rottey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rottey S, Clarke J, Aung K, Machiels JP, Markman B, Heinhuis KM, et al. Phase I\/IIa trial of BMS-986148, an anti-mesothelin antibody-drug conjugate, alone or in combination with nivolumab in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 2022;28:95\u2013105.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"1320_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-23-0233","volume":"23","author":"A Chakraborty","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chakraborty A, Onda M, O\u2019Shea T, Wei J, Liu X, Bera TK, et al. A Bispecific antibody that targets the membrane-proximal region of mesothelin and retains high anticancer activity in the presence of shed mesothelin. Mol Cancer Ther. 2024;23:1021\u201330.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"1320_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e943","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.943","volume":"12","author":"R Bouwstra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bouwstra R, van Meerten T, Bremer E. CD47-SIRP\u03b1 blocking-based immunotherapy: current and prospective therapeutic strategies. Clin Transl Med. 2022;12:e943.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"1320_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30642-4","volume":"20","author":"DA Fennell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fennell DA. Tumour Treating Fields for mesothelioma: controversy versus opportunity. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20:1623\u20135.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30831-9","volume":"21","author":"GL Ceresoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ceresoli GL, Gianoncelli L, Grosso F. Tumour Treating Fields for mesothelioma - Authors\u2019 reply. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21:e10.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1320_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-020-00669-3","volume":"10","author":"M Pavic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pavic M, Bogowicz M, Kraft J, Vuong D, Mayinger M, Kroeze SGC, et al. FDG PET versus CT radiomics to predict outcome in malignant pleural mesothelioma patients. EJNMMI Res. 2020;10:81.","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res"},{"key":"1320_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21293-3_9","volume-title":"Brain and human body modeling: computational human modeling at EMBC 2018","author":"S Mohan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohan S, Wang S, Chawla S. Advanced multiparametric imaging for response assessment to tumor-treating fields in patients with glioblastoma. In: Makarov S, Horner M, Noetscher G, editors. Brain and human body modeling: computational human modeling at EMBC 2018. Cham (CH): Springer; 2019. p. 163\u201372."}],"container-title":["Current Treatment Options in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11864-025-01320-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11864-025-01320-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11864-025-01320-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T06:02:59Z","timestamp":1746511379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11864-025-01320-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"references-count":140,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11864-025-01320-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-2729","1534-6277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1527-2729","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 April 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 April 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"G.L.C declares personal fees for advisory roles from Novocure, Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Novartis, and personal fees for speaker engagements from Novocure, MSD, Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Bayer, and Astellas. L.G. declares personal fees for speaker engagements from MSD, Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, and Roche.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}