{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T04:59:48Z","timestamp":1785473988930,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr. Treat. Options in Oncol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Opinion Statement<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With modern risk stratification of multi-agent cytotoxic chemotherapy protocols, we now cure the majority of patients with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, patients with high-risk features or relapsed disease continue to have suboptimal outcomes. Conventional chemotherapy agents may increase long term organ toxicities even in more favorable patients. Improved understanding of the molecular characteristics of pediatric ALL has led to the preclinical and clinical development of more targeted and less systemically toxic therapeutic options for patients with ALL. Agents such as blinatumomab, inotuzumab ozogamicin, tisagenlecleucel and several others have revolutionized the treatment of relapsed or refractory ALL by either directing therapies locally to leukemic cells or by targeting specific leukemogenic pathways. Here we present current evidence for efficacy and toxicity profiles for these targeted therapies in pediatric patients with ALL. Many of these strategies have been more comprehensively studied in the adult population and we will highlight ongoing and needed clinical trials in pediatrics. We need to overcome our historically delayed approach to introducing new therapeutic options in pediatrics, as adults often benefit from innovations for years before they are evaluated in children. More proactively incorporating these emerging treatments into frontline therapy for the most vulnerable, high-risk pediatric ALL populations could meaningfully reshape our treatment paradigm. Earlier collaboration for development of clinical trials across pediatric and adult ALL may facilitate more rapid access to promising agents. We anticipate that successful upfront integration of more targeted approaches will improve response rates, reduce reliance on highly toxic chemotherapies and ultimately increase the likelihood of duration of remission. We expect the next generation of clinical trials will credential more targeted therapies for use in frontline therapy with the goal of improved outcomes with minimized toxicity for all patients with pediatric ALL, not just those with more favorable disease characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-025-01376-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T07:34:20Z","timestamp":1771832060000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Use of Targeted Therapy in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Exploring Novel Approaches and Emerging Therapies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"David J.","family":"Byrwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Krieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Niswander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kara M.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1376_CR1","unstructured":"Cancer Statistics R. 1975\u20132013 - Previous Version - SEER Cancer Statistics Review [Internet]. SEER. Available from: https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/archive\/csr\/1975_2013\/index.html"},{"key":"1376_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu H, Xi R, Mao D, Zhao X, Wu T. Efficacy and Safety of Blinatumomab for the Treatment of Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk.\u00a02023;23(3):e139-e49.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2022.12.009"},{"key":"1376_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta S, Rau RE, Kairalla JA, Rabin KR, Wang C, Angiolillo AL et al. Blinatumomab in Standard-Risk B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children. N Engl J Med. 2025;392(9):875\u2009\u2013\u200991.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2411680"},{"issue":"11","key":"1376_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-024-02395-4","volume":"38","author":"SR Rheingold","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rheingold SR, Bhojwani D, Ji L, Xu X, Devidas M, Kairalla JA, et al. Determinants of survival after first relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Children\u2019s Oncology Group study. Leukemia. 2024;38(11):2382\u201394.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"2","key":"1376_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2025.0006","volume":"23","author":"H Inaba","year":"2025","unstructured":"Inaba H, Teachey D, Annesley C, Batra S, Beck J, Colace S, et al. Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, version 2.2025, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2025;23(2):41\u201362.","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"1376_CR6","unstructured":"Blincyto [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, California: Amgen: 2024."},{"key":"1376_CR7","volume-title":"East Hanover","author":"Kymriah [package insert]","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kymriah [package insert]. East Hanover. New Jersey: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; 2025."},{"key":"1376_CR8","unstructured":"Besponsa [package insert]. Philadelphia, PA: Wyeth Pharmaceuticals LLC: 2024."},{"key":"1376_CR9","unstructured":"Sprycel [package insert]. Princeton, New Jersey: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; 2024."},{"key":"1376_CR10","volume-title":"East Hanover","author":"Gleevec [package insert]","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gleevec [package insert]. East Hanover. New Jersey: Novartis Pharmceuticals Corporation; 2022."},{"key":"1376_CR11","unstructured":"Revuforj [package insert]. Waltham, MA: Syndax Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2024."},{"key":"1376_CR12","unstructured":"Venclexta [package insert]. North Chicago, IL: AbbVie Inc; 2024."},{"key":"1376_CR13","unstructured":"Created in BioRender, Niswander L. (2025) https:\/\/BioRender.com\/92361hf"},{"issue":"9","key":"1376_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.0987","volume":"325","author":"F Locatelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Locatelli F, Zugmaier G, Rizzari C, Morris JD, Gruhn B, Klingebiel T, et al. Effect of blinatumomab vs chemotherapy on Event-Free survival among children with High-risk First-Relapse B-Cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021;325(9):843\u201354.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"25","key":"1376_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4118","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.02200","volume":"41","author":"LE Hogan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hogan LE, Brown PA, Ji L, Xu X, Devidas M, Bhatla T, et al. Children\u2019s oncology group AALL1331: phase III trial of blinatumomab in children, adolescents, and young adults with low-risk B-cell ALL in first relapse. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41(25):4118\u201329.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"17","key":"1376_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2214171","volume":"388","author":"IM van der Sluis","year":"2023","unstructured":"van der Sluis IM, de Lorenzo P, Kotecha RS, Attarbaschi A, Escherich G, Nysom K, et al. Blinatumomab added to chemotherapy in infant lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(17):1572\u201381.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"1376_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019004008","volume":"135","author":"K Clesham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clesham K, Rao V, Bartram J, Ancliff P, Ghorashian S, O\u2019Connor D, et al. Blinatumomab for infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2020;135(17):1501\u20134.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1376_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2040620719899897","volume":"11","author":"T Jain","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jain T, Litzow MR. Management of toxicities associated with novel immunotherapy agents in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ther Adv Hematol. 2020;11:2040620719899897.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Hematol"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"1376_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-148967","volume":"138","author":"AM Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li AM, Rabin KR, Kairalla J, Wang C, Devidas M, Militano O, et al. Blinatumomab associated seizure risk in patients with Down syndrome and B-lymphoblastic leukemia: an interim report from Children\u2019s Oncology Group (COG) study AALL1731. Blood. 2021;138(Supplement 1):2304.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"1376_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6122","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-157117","volume":"140","author":"P Mart\u00ednez S\u00e1nchez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez S\u00e1nchez P, Zugmaier G, Gordon P, Jabbour E, Rif\u00f3n Roca JJ, Schwartz S, et al. Safety and pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous blinatumomab (SC blinatumomab) for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R\/R B-ALL); results from a phase 1b study. Blood. 2022;140(Supplement 1):6122\u20134.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"12","key":"1376_CR21","first-page":"3892","volume":"109","author":"T Feuchtinger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feuchtinger T, Bader P, Subklewe M, Breidenbach M, Willier S, Metzler M, et al. Approaches for bridging therapy prior to chimeric antigen receptor T cells for relapsed\/refractory acute lymphoblastic B-lineage leukemia in children and young adults. Haematologica. 2024;109(12):3892\u2013903.","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"1376_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2023.2210046","volume":"19","author":"R Awasthi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Awasthi R, Maier HJ, Zhang J, Lim S. Kymriah(R) (tisagenlecleucel) - an overview of the clinical development journey of the first approved CAR-T therapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2023;19(1):2210046.","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"1376_CR23","unstructured":"Maude SL, Laetsch TW, Buechner J, Rives S, Boyer M, Bittencourt H Tisagenlecleucel in Children and Young Adults with B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(5):439-48."},{"key":"1376_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laetsch TW, Maude SL, Rives S, Hiramatsu H, Bittencourt H, Bader P et al. Three-Year Update of Tisagenlecleucel in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the ELIANA Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41(9):1664-9.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.00642"},{"issue":"11","key":"1376_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022008981","volume":"7","author":"P Bader","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bader P, Rossig C, Hutter M, Ayuk FA, Baldus CD, Bucklein VL, et al. CD19 CAR T cells are an effective therapy for posttransplant relapse in patients with B-lineage ALL: real-world data from Germany. Blood Adv. 2023;7(11):2436\u201348.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"9","key":"1376_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.03585","volume":"40","author":"LM Schultz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schultz LM, Baggott C, Prabhu S, Pacenta HL, Phillips CL, Rossoff J, et al. Disease burden affects outcomes in pediatric and young adult B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia after commercial Tisagenlecleucel: a pediatric real-world chimeric antigen receptor consortium report. J Clin Oncol. 2022;40(9):945\u201355.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"14","key":"1376_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021012727","volume":"139","author":"AB Leahy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leahy AB, Devine KJ, Li Y, Liu H, Myers R, DiNofia A, et al. Impact of high-risk cytogenetics on outcomes for children and young adults receiving CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy. Blood. 2022;139(14):2173\u201385.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1376_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024026655","author":"SK Silbert","year":"2025","unstructured":"Silbert SK, Rankin AW, Hoang CN, Semchenkova A, Myers RM, Zerkalenkova EP, et al. Project EVOLVE: an international analysis of postimmunotherapy lineage switch, an emergent form of relapse in leukemia. Blood. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2024026655.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"13","key":"1376_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3544","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024013243","volume":"8","author":"AJ Lamble","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lamble AJ, Schultz LM, Nguyen K, Hsieh EM, McNerney K, Rouce RH, et al. Risk of T-cell malignancy after CAR T-cell therapy in children, adolescents, and young adults. Blood Adv. 2024;8(13):3544\u20138.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"4","key":"1376_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0265-z","volume":"33","author":"D Bhojwani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhojwani D, Sposto R, Shah NN, Rodriguez V, Yuan C, Stetler-Stevenson M, et al. Inotuzumab Ozogamicin in pediatric patients with relapsed\/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 2019;33(4):884\u201392.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"9","key":"1376_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01693","volume":"40","author":"MM O'Brien","year":"2022","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien MM, Ji L, Shah NN, Rheingold SR, Bhojwani D, Yuan CM, et al. Phase II trial of inotuzumab ozogamicin in children and adolescents with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children\u2019s Oncology Group Protocol AALL1621. J Clin Oncol. 2022;40(9):956\u201367.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"1376_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3398","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-149478","volume":"138","author":"JL McNeer","year":"2021","unstructured":"McNeer JL, O\u2019Brien MM, Rheingold SR, Meenakshi Devidas, Chen Z, Bhojwani D, et al. A phase 3 randomized trial of inotuzumab Ozogamicin for newly diagnosed High-Risk B-ALL: safety phase results from children\u2019s oncology group protocol AALL1732. Blood. 2021;138(Supplement 1):3398\u20138.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"6","key":"1376_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17333","volume":"193","author":"E Brivio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brivio E, Chantrain CF, Gruber TA, Thano A, Rialland F, Contet A, et al. Inotuzumab ozogamicin in infants and young children with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a case series. Br J Haematol. 2021;193(6):1172\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"1376_CR34","unstructured":"Thomson RJ, Moshirfar M, Ronquillo Y. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL)2025."},{"issue":"5","key":"1376_CR35","first-page":"935","volume":"8","author":"MH Cohen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cohen MH, Williams G, Johnson JR, Duan J, Gobburu J, Rahman A, et al. Approval summary for Imatinib mesylate capsules in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Clin Cancer Res. 2002;8(5):935\u201342.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1376_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2017.60.5.129","volume":"60","author":"JW Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee JW, Cho B. Prognostic factors and treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Korean J Pediatr. 2017;60(5):129\u201337.","journal-title":"Korean J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1376_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023023153","volume":"145","author":"TH Tran","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tran TH, Tasian SK. How i treat Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children, adolescents, and young adults. Blood. 2025;145(1):20\u201334.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"7","key":"1376_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.30","volume":"28","author":"KR Schultz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schultz KR, Carroll A, Heerema NA, Bowman WP, Aledo A, Slayton WB, et al. Long-term follow-up of imatinib in pediatric Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children\u2019s Oncology Group Study AALL0031. Leukemia. 2014;28(7):1467\u201371.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"22","key":"1376_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.76.7228","volume":"36","author":"WB Slayton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Slayton WB, Schultz KR, Kairalla JA, Devidas M, Mi X, Pulsipher MA, et al. Dasatinib plus intensive chemotherapy in children, adolescents, and young adults with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of Children\u2019s Oncology Group Trial AALL0622. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(22):2306\u201314.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1376_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16338","volume":"189","author":"J Rossoff","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rossoff J, Huynh V, Rau RE, Macy ME, Sulis ML, Schultz KR, et al. Experience with ponatinib in paediatric patients with leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2020;189(2):363\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1376_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-022-03329-5","volume":"116","author":"Y Kodama","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kodama Y, Sato A, Kato K, Sakaguchi H, Kato M, Kawasaki H, et al. Ponatinib in pediatric patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia: a retrospective survey of the Japan Children\u2019s Cancer Group. Int J Hematol. 2022;116(1):131\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"1376_CR42","unstructured":"Clinicaltrials.gov. 2025 [cited 2025 Apr 21]. Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04501614"},{"key":"1376_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cuglievan B, Kantarjian H, Rubnitz JE, Cooper TM, Zwaan CM, Pollard JA, et al. Menin inhibitors in pediatric acute leukemia: a comprehensive review and recommendations to accelerate progress in collaboration with adult leukemia and the international community. Leukemia. 2024;38(10):2073-84.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-024-02368-7"},{"key":"1376_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Issa GC, Aldoss I, Thirman MJ, DiPersio J, Arellano M, Blachly JS, et al. Menin Inhibition With Revumenib for KMT2A-Rearranged Relapsed or Refractory Acute Leukemia (AUGMENT-101). J Clin Oncol. 2025;43(1):75-84.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.24.00826"},{"issue":"10","key":"1376_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00386-3","volume":"25","author":"ES Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang ES, Issa GC, Erba HP, Altman JK, Montesinos P, DeBotton S, et al. Ziftomenib in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (KOMET-001): a multicentre, open-label, multi-cohort, phase 1 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2024;25(10):1310\u201324.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"1376_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42653","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-204583","volume":"144","author":"E Salzer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salzer E, Stutterheim J, Cuglievan B, Tomkinson BE, Leoni M, Van Tinteren H, et al. APAL2020K\/ITCC-101: A Phase I Trial of the Menin Inhibitor Ziftomenib in Combination with Chemotherapy in Children with Relapsed\/Refractory KMT2A-rearranged, NUP98-rearranged, or NPM1-mutant Acute Leukemias. Blood. 2024;144(Supplement 1):42653\u20133.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"1376_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2020000154","volume":"2020","author":"AW Roberts","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roberts AW. Therapeutic development and current uses of BCL-2 inhibition. Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2020;2020(1):1\u20139.","journal-title":"Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"issue":"1","key":"1376_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01746-3","volume":"37","author":"LC Cheung","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheung LC, Aya-Bonilla C, Cruickshank MN, Chiu SK, Kuek V, Anderson D, et al. Preclinical efficacy of Azacitidine and venetoclax for infant KMT2A-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia reveals a new therapeutic strategy. Leukemia. 2023;37(1):61\u201371.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"1376_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibson A, Trabal A, McCall D, Khazal S, Toepfer L, Bell DH, et al. Venetoclax for children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma. Cancers (Basel). 2021.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14010150"},{"key":"1376_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.31630","author":"AE Place","year":"2025","unstructured":"Place AE, Karol SE, Forlenza CJ, Cooper TM, Fraser C, Cario G, et al. Venetoclax combined with chemotherapy in pediatric and adolescent\/young adult patients with relapsed\/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pbc.31630.","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"1376_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13072046","author":"E Chatzikalil","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chatzikalil E, Roka K, Diamantopoulos PT, Rigatou E, Avgerinou G, Kattamis A, et al. Venetoclax combination treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in adolescents and young adult patients. J Clin Med. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13072046.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1376_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05768-6","volume":"22","author":"V Bocuzzi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bocuzzi V, Bridoux J, Pirotte M, Withofs N, Hustinx R, D\u2019Huyvetter M, et al. CD38 as theranostic target in oncology. J Transl Med. 2024;22(1):998.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1376_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-016-0283-0","volume":"9","author":"L Sanchez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sanchez L, Wang Y, Siegel DS, Wang ML. Daratumumab: a first-in-class CD38 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of multiple myeloma. J Hematol Oncol. 2016;9(1):51.","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"1376_CR54","unstructured":"Darzalex [package insert]. Horsham, PA: Janssen Biotech, Inc; 2022."},{"issue":"21","key":"1376_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024024493","volume":"144","author":"T Bhatla","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bhatla T, Hogan LE, Teachey DT, Bautista F, Moppett J, Velasco Puyo P, et al. Daratumumab in pediatric relapsed\/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma: the DELPHINUS study. Blood. 2024;144(21):2237\u201347.","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Current Treatment Options in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11864-025-01376-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11864-025-01376-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11864-025-01376-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T20:03:52Z","timestamp":1771877032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11864-025-01376-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1376"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11864-025-01376-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-2729","1534-6277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1527-2729","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Please see attached ICMJE disclosure forms which were submitted for each author.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"13"}}