{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T04:41:47Z","timestamp":1792644107563,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]],"date-time":"2004-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1101859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]],"date-time":"2004-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1101859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann. of Dyslexia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-004-0013-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,26]],"date-time":"2007-07-26T03:11:25Z","timestamp":1185419485000},"page":"247-280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Relationships of naming skills to reading, memory, and receptive vocabulary: Evidence for imprecise phonological representations of words by poor readers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Fowlert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brook","family":"Swainson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Scarborough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"13_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02648153","volume":"44","author":"N. A. Badian","year":"1994","unstructured":"Badian, N. A. (1994). Preschool prediction: Orthographic and phonological skills, and reading. Annals of Dyslexia, 44, 3\u201325.","journal-title":"Annals of Dyslexia"},{"key":"13_CR2","volume-title":"Bringing words to life","author":"I. L. Beck","year":"2002","unstructured":"Beck, I. L., McKeown, M. G., & Kucan, L. (2002). Bringing words to life. New York: Guilford."},{"key":"13_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00844.x","volume":"31","author":"D. V. M. Bishop","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bishop, D. V. M., & Adams, C. (1990). A prospective study of the relationship between specific language impairment, phonological disorders and reading retardation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, 1027\u20131050.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"13_CR4","first-page":"41","volume-title":"The language continuum: From infancy to literacy","author":"B. A. Blachman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Blachman, B. A. (1991). Getting ready to read: Learning how print maps onto speech. In J. F. Kavanagh (Ed.), The language continuum: From infancy to literacy (pp. 41\u201362). Parkton, MD: York Press."},{"key":"13_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/271746a0","volume":"271","author":"L. Bradley","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bradley, L., & Bryant, P. (1978). Difficulties in auditory organization as a possible cause of reading backwardness. Nature, 271, 746\u2013747.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"13_CR6","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Phonological processes in literacy: A tribute to Isabelle Y. Liberman","author":"S. A. Brady","year":"1991","unstructured":"Brady, S. A. (1991). The role of working memory on reading disability. In S. A. Brady & D. P. Shankweiler (Eds.), Phonological processes in literacy: A tribute to Isabelle Y. Liberman (pp. 129\u2013151). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum."},{"key":"13_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02654945","volume":"42","author":"A. Cantwell","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cantwell, A., & Rubin, H. (1992). Object-naming ability of adults with written language difficulties. Annals of Dyslexia, 42, 179\u2013195.","journal-title":"Annals of Dyslexia"},{"key":"13_CR8","volume-title":"Word frequency book","author":"J. B. Carroll","year":"1971","unstructured":"Carroll, J. B., Davies, P., & Richman, B. (1971). Word frequency book. New York: American Heritage."},{"key":"13_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948601900813","volume":"19","author":"H. W. Catts","year":"1986","unstructured":"Catts, H. W. (1986). Speech production and phonological deficits in reading disordered children. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 19, 504\u2013508.","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"13_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/87565648809540392","volume":"4","author":"M. Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen, M., Town, P., & Buff, A. (1988). Neurodevelopmental differences in confrontational naming in children. Developmental Neuropsychology, 4, 75\u201381.","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology"},{"key":"13_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(76)90001-8","volume":"3","author":"M. B. Denckla","year":"1976","unstructured":"Denckla, M. B., & Rudel, R. G. (1976). Naming of object-drawings by dyslexic and other learning disabled children. Brain and Language, 3, 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"13_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1017\/S014271640100306X","volume":"22","author":"J. A. Dietrich","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dietrich, J. A., & Brady, S. A. (2001). Phonological representations of adult poor readers: An investigation of specificity and stability. Applied Psycholinguistics, 22, 383\u2013418.","journal-title":"Applied Psycholinguistics"},{"key":"13_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716400007098","volume":"16","author":"C. Dollaghan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dollaghan, C., Biber, M., & Campbell, T. (1995). Lexical influences on non-word repetition. Applied Psycholinguistics, 16, 211\u2013222.","journal-title":"Applied Psycholinguistics"},{"key":"13_CR14","volume-title":"Peabody picture vocabulary test-revised","author":"L. M. Dunn","year":"1981","unstructured":"Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, L. M. (1981). Peabody picture vocabulary test-revised. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service."},{"key":"13_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00577023","volume":"8","author":"C. Elbro","year":"1996","unstructured":"Elbro, C. (1996). Early linguistic abilities and reading development: A review and a hypothesis. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 8, 453\u2013485.","journal-title":"Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"13_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9450.393070","volume":"39","author":"C. Elbro","year":"1998","unstructured":"Elbro, C. (1998). When reading is \u201creadn\u201d or somthn: Distinctness of phonological representations of lexical items in normal and disabled readers. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 39, 149\u2013153.","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"13_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1598\/RRQ.33.1.3","volume":"33","author":"C. Elbro","year":"1998","unstructured":"Elbro, C., Borstr\u00f8m, I., & Petersen, D. K. (1998). Predicting dyslexia from kindergarten. The importance of distinctness of phonological representations of lexical items. Reading Research Quarterly, 33, 36\u201361.","journal-title":"Reading Research Quarterly"},{"key":"13_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02648162","volume":"44","author":"C. Elbro","year":"1994","unstructured":"Elbro, C., Nielsen, I., & Petersen, D. K. (1994). Dyslexia in adults: Evidence for deficits in non-word reading and in the phonological representation of lexical items. Annals of Dyslexia, 44, 205\u2013226.","journal-title":"Annals of Dyslexia"},{"key":"13_CR19","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Phonological processes in literacy: A tribute to Isabelle Y. Liberman","author":"A. E. Fowler","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fowler, A. E. (1991). How early phonological development might set the stage for phoneme awareness. In S. Brady & D. P. Shankweiler (Eds.), Phonological processes in literacy: A tribute to Isabelle Y. Liberman (pp. 97\u2013118). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum."},{"key":"13_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-596X(89)90044-2","volume":"28","author":"S. E. Gathrecole","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gathrecole, S. E., & Baddeley, A. D. (1989). Evaluation of the role of phonological STM in the development of vocabulary in children: A longitudinal study. Journal of Memory and Language, 28, 200\u2013213.","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"key":"13_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1990.tb02371.x","volume":"81","author":"S. E. Gathercole","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gathercole, S. E., & Baddeley, A. D. (1990). The role of phonological memory in vocabulary acquisition: A study of young children learning new names. British Journal of Psychology, 81, 439\u2013454.","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"13_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.33.6.966","volume":"33","author":"S. E. Gathercole","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gathercole, S. E., Hitch, G. J., Service, E., & Martin, A. J. (1997). Phonological short-term memory and new word learning in children. Developmental Psychology, 33, 966\u2013979.","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"13_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1080\/09658219408258940","volume":"2","author":"S. E. Gathercole","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gathercole, S. E., Willis, C. S., Baddeley, A. D., & Emslie, H. (1994). The children\u2019s test of nonword repetition: A test of phonological working memory. Memory, 2, 103\u2013127.","journal-title":"Memory"},{"key":"13_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.28.5.887","volume":"28","author":"S. E. Gathercole","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gathercole, S. E., Willis, C. S., Emslie, H., & Baddeley, A. D. (1992). Phonological memory and vocabulary development during the early school years: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 28, 887\u2013898.","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"13_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.2307\/1131429","volume":"54","author":"J. Hansen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hansen, J., & Bowey, J. (1994). Phonological analysis skills, verbal working memory, and reading ability in second grade children. Child Development, 54, 938\u2013950.","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"13_CR26","volume-title":"Preventing reading failure: Prediction, diagnosis, intervention","author":"J. Jansky","year":"1972","unstructured":"Jansky, J., & de Hirsch, K. (1972). Preventing reading failure: Prediction, diagnosis, intervention. New York: Harper and Row."},{"key":"13_CR27","volume-title":"Boston naming test","author":"E. Kaplan","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kaplan, E., Goodglass, H., & Weintraub, S. (1983). Boston naming test. Malvern, PA: Lea & Febiger."},{"key":"13_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(86)90016-8","volume":"22","author":"R. Katz","year":"1986","unstructured":"Katz, R. (1986). Phonological deficiencies in children with reading disability: Evidence from an object naming task. Cognition, 22, 225\u2013257.","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"13_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(88)90099-5","volume":"35","author":"L. A. Murphy","year":"1988","unstructured":"Murphy, L. A., Pollatsek, A., & Well, A. D. (1988). Developmental dyslexia and word retrieval deficits. Brain and Language, 35, 1\u201323.","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"13_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/01690960042000003","volume":"16","author":"K. Nation","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nation, K., Marshall, C., & Snowling, M. J. (2001). Phonological and semantic contributions to children\u2019s picture naming skill: Evidence from children with developmental reading disorders. Language and Cognitive Processes, 16, 24\u2013259.","journal-title":"Language and Cognitive Processes"},{"key":"13_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00386269","volume":"1","author":"H. Rubin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rubin, H., Zimmerman, S., & Katz, R. B. (1989). Phonological knowledge and naming ability in children with reading disability. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 1, 393\u2013404.","journal-title":"Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"13_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.81.1.101","volume":"81","author":"H. S. Scarborough","year":"1989","unstructured":"Scarborough, H. S. (1989). Prediction of reading disability from familial and individual differences. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 101\u2013108.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"13_CR33","first-page":"275","volume-title":"Beginning reading","author":"D. Shankweiler","year":"1992","unstructured":"Shankweiler, D., Crain, S., Brady, S., & Macaruso, P. (1992). Identifying the causes of reading disabilities. In P. B. Gough, L. C. Ehri, & R. Treiman (Eds.), Beginning reading (pp. 275\u2013305). Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"key":"13_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00309831","volume":"43","author":"M. J. Snowling","year":"1981","unstructured":"Snowling, M. J. (1981). Phonemic deficits in developmental dyslexia. Psyhological Research 43, 219\u2013234.","journal-title":"Psyhological Research"},{"key":"13_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00003.x","volume":"32","author":"M. J. Snowling","year":"1991","unstructured":"Snowling, M. J. (1991). Developmental reading disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, 49\u201377.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"13_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9817.1988.tb00152.x","volume":"11","author":"M. Snowling","year":"1988","unstructured":"Snowling, M., Wagtendonk, B., & Stafford, C. (1988). Object-naming deficits in developmental dyslexia. Journal of Research in Reading, 11, 67\u201385.","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Reading"},{"key":"13_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1006\/brln.1997.1855","volume":"46","author":"D. Swan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Swan, D., & Goswami, U. (1997a). Picture naming deficits in developmental dyslexia: The phonological representations hypothesis. Brain and Language, 46, 334\u2013353.","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"13_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1997.2375","volume":"66","author":"D. Swan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Swan, D., & Goswami, U. (1997b). Phonological awareness deficits in developmental dyslexia and the phonological representations hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 66, 18\u201341.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"13_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543073004407","volume":"73","author":"H. L. Swanson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Swanson, H. L., Trainin, G., Necoechea, D. M., & Hammill, D. D. (2003). Rapid naming, phonological awareness, and reading: A meta-analysis of the correlation evidence. Review of Educational Research, 73, 407\u2013440.","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"key":"13_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.101.2.192","volume":"101","author":"R. K. Wagner","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wagner, R. K., & Torgesen, J. K. (1987). The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 192\u2013212.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"13_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2307\/747978","volume":"26","author":"M. Wolf","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wolf, M. (1991). Naming speed and reading: The contribution of the cognitive neurosciences. Reading Research Quarterly, 26, 123\u2013141.","journal-title":"Reading Research Quarterly"},{"key":"13_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(86)90025-8","volume":"27","author":"M. Wolf","year":"1986","unstructured":"Wolf, M., & Goodglass, H. (1986). Dyslexia, dysnomia, and lexical retrieval. Brain & Language, 27, 360\u2013379.","journal-title":"Brain & Language"},{"key":"13_CR43","volume-title":"Woodcock reading mastery tests-revised","author":"R. Woodcock","year":"1987","unstructured":"Woodcock, R. 1987. Woodcock reading mastery tests-revised. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-026-00391-0","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000}}],"container-title":["Annals of Dyslexia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11881-004-0013-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11881-004-0013-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11881-004-0013-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11881-004-0013-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:57:21Z","timestamp":1792641441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11881-004-0013-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["13"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11881-004-0013-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-9387","1934-7243"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-9387","type":"print"},{"value":"1934-7243","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}}}