{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T06:09:44Z","timestamp":1785391784529,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,22]],"date-time":"2015-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445472000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann. of Dyslexia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-015-0116-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,22]],"date-time":"2015-10-22T19:58:03Z","timestamp":1445543883000},"page":"202-218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Implicit learning of non-linguistic and linguistic regularities in children with dyslexia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Luciana","family":"Nigro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gracia","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian C.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Defior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-6709.2011.01200.x","volume":"36","author":"J Arciuli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arciuli, J., & Simpson, I. C. (2012). Statistical learning is related to reading ability in children and adults. Cognitive Science, 36(2), 286\u2013304. doi: 10.1111\/j.1551-6709.2011.01200.x .","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"116_CR2","unstructured":"Defior, S., Fonseca, L., Gottheil, B., Aldrey, A., Jim\u00e9nez-Fern\u00e1ndez, G., Pujals, M., \u2026 Serrano, F. (2006). LEE. Test de Lectura y Escritura en Espa\u00f1ol. Buenos Aires: Paid\u00f3s."},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-012-0077-1","volume":"63","author":"W Du","year":"2013","unstructured":"Du, W., & Kelly, S. W. (2013). Implicit sequence learning in dyslexia: a within-sequence comparison of first- and higher-order information. Annals of Dyslexia, 63(2), 154\u2013170. doi: 10.1007\/s11881-012-0077-1 .","journal-title":"Annals of Dyslexia"},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175\u2013191. doi: 10.3758\/BF03193146 .","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"116_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00392","volume":"12","author":"J Fiser","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fiser, J., & Aslin, R. N. (2001). Unsupervised statistical learning of higher-order spatial structures from visual scenes. Psychological Science, 12(6), 499\u2013504. doi: 10.1111\/1467-9280.00392 .","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1416.012","volume":"1145","author":"V Folia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Folia, V., Udd\u00e9n, J., Forkstam, C., Ingvar, M., Hagoort, P., & Petersson, K. M. (2008). Implicit learning and dyslexia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1145(1), 132\u2013150.","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"116_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.06.014","volume":"50","author":"Y Gabay","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gabay, Y., Schiff, R., & Vakil, E. (2012). Dissociation between the procedural learning of letter names and motor sequences in developmental dyslexia. Neuropsychologia, 50(10), 2435\u20132441. doi: 10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.06.014 .","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR8","first-page":"25","volume":"10","author":"J Gombert","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gombert, J. (2003). Implicit and explicit learning to read: implication as for subtypes of dyslexia. Current Psychology Letters, 10(1), 25\u201340.","journal-title":"Current Psychology Letters"},{"key":"116_CR9","unstructured":"Goschke, T. (1998). Implicit learning of perceptual and motor sequences: Evidence for independent learning systems. In M. A. Stadler & P. A. Frensch (Eds.), Handbook of implicit learning (pp. 401\u2013444). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc."},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR10","first-page":"71","volume":"22","author":"W Grabe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grabe, W. (2010). Fluency in reading\u2014thirty-five years later. Reading in a Foreign Language, 22(1), 71\u201383.","journal-title":"Reading in a Foreign Language"},{"issue":"7","key":"116_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.10.015","volume":"44","author":"JH Howard Jr","year":"2006","unstructured":"Howard, J. H., Jr., Howard, D. V., Japikse, K. C., & Eden, G. F. (2006). Dyslexics are impaired on implicit higher-order sequence learning, but not on implicit spatial context learning. Neuropsychologia, 44(7), 1131\u20131144. doi: 10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.10.015 .","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"9","key":"116_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-012-0830-y","volume":"119","author":"E Ise","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ise, E., Arnoldi, C. J., Bartling, J., & Schulte-K\u00f6rne, G. (2012). Implicit learning in children with spelling disability: evidence from artificial grammar learning. Journal of Neural Transmission, 119(9), 999\u20131010. doi: 10.1007\/s00702-012-0830-y .","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-010-0048-3","volume":"61","author":"G Jim\u00e9nez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Fern\u00e1ndez, G., Vaquero, J. M. M., Jim\u00e9nez, L., & Defior, S. (2011). Dyslexic children show deficits in implicit sequence learning, but not in explicit sequence learning or contextual cueing. Annals of Dyslexia, 61(1), 85\u2013110. doi: 10.1007\/s11881-010-0048-3 .","journal-title":"Annals of Dyslexia"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.208","volume":"8","author":"SW Kelly","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kelly, S. W., Griffiths, S., & Frith, U. (2002). Evidence for implicit sequence learning in dyslexia. Dyslexia, 8(1), 43\u201352. doi: 10.1002\/dys.208 .","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"issue":"10","key":"116_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.07.017","volume":"34","author":"JAG Lum","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lum, J. A. G., Ullman, M. T., & Conti-Ramsden, G. (2013). Procedural learning is impaired in dyslexia: evidence from a meta-analysis of serial reaction time studies. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(10), 3460\u20133476. doi: 10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.07.017 .","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"116_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menghini, D., Finzi, A., Benassi, M., Bolzani, R., Facoetti, A., Giovagnoli, S., \u2026 Vicari, S. (2010). Different underlying neurocognitive deficits in developmental dyslexia: a comparative study. Neuropsychologia, 48(4), 863\u2013872. doi: 10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.11.003 .","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.11.003"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s10936-014-9303-9","volume":"44","author":"L Nigro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nigro, L., Jim\u00e9nez-Fern\u00e1ndez, G., Simpson, I. C., & Defior, S. (2015). Implicit learning of written regularities and its relationship to literacy acquisition in a shallow orthography. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 44(5), 571\u2013585. doi: 10.1007\/s10936-014-9303-9 .","journal-title":"Journal of Psycholinguistic Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(87)90002-8","volume":"19","author":"MJ Nissen","year":"1987","unstructured":"Nissen, M. J., & Bullemer, P. (1987). Attentional requirements of learning: evidence from performance measures. Cognitive Psychology, 19(1), 1\u201332. doi: 10.1016\/0010-0285(87)90002-8 .","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2005.00848_a.x","volume":"76","author":"S Pacton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pacton, S., Fayol, M., & Perruchet, P. (2005). Children\u2019s implicit learning of graphotactic and morphological regularities. Child Development, 76(2), 324\u2013339. doi: 10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2005.00848_a.x .","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"116_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.130.3.401","volume":"130","author":"S Pacton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pacton, S., Perruchet, P., Fayol, M., & Cleeremans, A. (2001). Implicit learning out of the lab: the case of orthographic regularities. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(3), 401\u2013426. doi: 10.1037\/0096-3445.130.3.401 .","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.400","volume":"16","author":"EV Pavlidou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pavlidou, E. V., Kelly, M. L., & Williams, J. M. (2010). Do children with developmental dyslexia have impairments in implicit learning? Dyslexia, 16(2), 143\u2013161. doi: 10.1002\/dys.400 .","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"issue":"7","key":"116_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.03.040","volume":"35","author":"EV Pavlidou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pavlidou, E. V., & Williams, J. M. (2014). Implicit learning and reading: Insights from typical children and children with developmental dyslexia using the artificial grammar learning (AGL) paradigm. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35(7), 1457\u20131472. doi: 10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.03.040 .","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-009-0023-z","volume":"59","author":"EV Pavlidou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pavlidou, E. V., Williams, J. M., & Kelly, L. M. (2009). Artificial grammar learning in primary school children with and without developmental dyslexia. Annals of Dyslexia, 59(1), 55\u201377. doi: 10.1007\/s11881-009-0023-z .","journal-title":"Annals of Dyslexia"},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.2.227","volume":"133","author":"EM Pothos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pothos, E. M. (2007). Theories of artificial grammar learning. Psychological Bulletin, 133(2), 227\u2013244. doi: 10.1037\/0033-2909.133.2.227 .","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.266","volume":"10","author":"EM Pothos","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pothos, E. M., & Kirk, J. (2004). Investigating learning deficits associated with dyslexia. Dyslexia, 10(1), 61\u201376. doi: 10.1002\/dys.266 .","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"key":"116_CR26","volume-title":"Raven matrices progresivas, escalas color (CPM), general (SPM), superior (APM): Manual","author":"JC Raven","year":"1996","unstructured":"Raven, J. C., Court, J. H., & Raven, J. (1996). Raven matrices progresivas, escalas color (CPM), general (SPM), superior (APM): Manual. Madrid: Tea."},{"key":"116_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(67)80149-X","volume":"6","author":"AS Reber","year":"1967","unstructured":"Reber, A. S. (1967). Implicit learning of artificial grammars. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 6, 855\u2013863.","journal-title":"Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior"},{"key":"116_CR28","volume-title":"Implicit learning and tacit knowledge: an essay on the cognitive unconscious","author":"AS Reber","year":"1993","unstructured":"Reber, A. S. (1993). Implicit learning and tacit knowledge: an essay on the cognitive unconscious. New York: Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.340","volume":"14","author":"S Roodenrys","year":"2008","unstructured":"Roodenrys, S., & Dunn, N. (2008). Unimpaired implicit learning in children with developmental dyslexia. Dyslexia, 14(1), 1\u201315. doi: 10.1002\/dys.340 .","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390591001007","volume":"28","author":"J R\u00fcsseler","year":"2006","unstructured":"R\u00fcsseler, J., Gerth, I., & M\u00fcnte, T. F. (2006). Implicit learning is intact in adult developmental dyslexic readers: evidence from the serial reaction time task and artificial grammar learning. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 28(5), 808\u2013827. doi: 10.1080\/13803390591001007 .","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology"},{"key":"116_CR31","volume-title":"E-Prime 2.0 software","author":"W Schneider","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schneider, W., Eschman, A., & Zuccolotto, A. (2002). E-Prime 2.0 software. Pittsburgh: Psychology Software Tools Inc."},{"key":"116_CR32","volume-title":"Dyslexia, speech and language: a practitioner\u2019s handbook","year":"2006","unstructured":"Snowling, M. J., & Stackhouse, J. (Eds.). (2006). Dyslexia, speech and language: a practitioner\u2019s handbook (2nd ed.). London: Wiley.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"2","key":"116_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-004-0014-z","volume":"54","author":"AJ Sperling","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sperling, A. J., Lu, Z. L., & Manis, F. R. (2004). Slower implicit categorical learning in adult poor readers. Annals of Dyslexia, 54(2), 281\u2013303. doi: 10.1007\/s11881-004-0014-z .","journal-title":"Annals of Dyslexia"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.07.009","volume":"44","author":"CJ Stoodley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stoodley, C. J., Harrison, E. P. D., & Stein, J. F. (2006). Implicit motor learning deficits in dyslexic adults. Neuropsychologia, 44(5), 795\u2013798. doi: 10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.07.009 .","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1416.003","volume":"1145","author":"CJ Stoodley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stoodley, C. J., Ray, N. J., Jack, A., & Stein, J. F. (2008). Implicit learning in control, dyslexic, and garden-variety poor readers. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1145(1), 173\u2013183. doi: 10.1196\/annals.1416.003 .","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"116_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(02)00082-9","volume":"41","author":"S Vicari","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vicari, S., Marotta, L., Menghini, D., Molinari, M., & Petrosini, L. (2003). Implicit learning deficit in children with developmental dyslexia. Neuropsychologia, 41(1), 108\u2013114. doi: 10.1016\/S0028-3932(02)00082-9 .","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"}],"container-title":["Annals of Dyslexia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11881-015-0116-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11881-015-0116-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11881-015-0116-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T23:38:30Z","timestamp":1559432310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11881-015-0116-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,22]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11881-015-0116-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-9387","1934-7243"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-9387","type":"print"},{"value":"1934-7243","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,22]]}}}