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While each is technically accurate, we argue that, when taken together, the definition, or more accurately, the use to which it is often put, becomes problematic. We outline different current conceptions of dyslexia and conclude that the operationalisation of the definition for diagnostic purposes often results in scientifically questionable diagnoses and inadvertently leads to significant educational inequity. We propose a simpler definition that describes the primary difficulty, avoids reference to causal explanation, unexpectedness, and secondary outcomes, and redirects practitioner and policymaker focus to the importance of addressing and\u00a0meeting the needs of all struggling readers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-024-00311-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T03:36:32Z","timestamp":1718422592000},"page":"363-377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Dyslexia in the twenty-first century: a commentary on the IDA definition of dyslexia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8954-2572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian G.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena L.","family":"Grigorenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"311_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1177\/0731948721998707","volume":"44","author":"NZ Al Dahhan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al Dahhan, N. 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