{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:35:57Z","timestamp":1791293757030,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,15]],"date-time":"2019-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,15]],"date-time":"2019-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-019-0868-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,15]],"date-time":"2019-06-15T09:02:40Z","timestamp":1560589360000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Charcot-Leyden Crystals in Eosinophilic Inflammation: Active Cytolysis Leads to Crystal Formation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Shigeharu","family":"Ueki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yui","family":"Miyabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mineyo","family":"Fukuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Hirokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter F.","family":"Weller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"868_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.41.7.503","volume":"41","author":"A Sakula","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sakula A. Charcot-Leyden crystals and Curschmann spirals in asthmatic sputum. Thorax. 1986;41(7):503\u20137.","journal-title":"Thorax."},{"issue":"4","key":"868_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-8707(47)90045-2","volume":"18","author":"M Samter","year":"1947","unstructured":"Samter M. Charcot-Leyden crystals. J Allergy. 1947;18(4):221\u201330.","journal-title":"J Allergy"},{"issue":"11","key":"868_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2931","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23112931","volume":"23","author":"Jiyong Su","year":"2018","unstructured":"Su J. A brief history of Charcot-Leyden crystal protein\/galectin-10 research. Molecules. 2018;23(11).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"868_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V5.3.254.254","volume":"5","author":"WW Ayres","year":"1950","unstructured":"Ayres WW, Starkey NM. Studies on Charcot-Leyden crystals. Blood. 1950;5(3):254\u201366.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"1","key":"868_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091160106","volume":"116","author":"CJ Dawe","year":"1953","unstructured":"Dawe CJ, Williams WL. Histochemical studies of Charcot-Leyden crystals. Anat Rec. 1953;116(1):53\u201374.","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"5","key":"868_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.125.5.2118","volume":"125","author":"SJ Ackerman","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ackerman SJ, Loegering DA, Gleich GJ. The human eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystal protein: biochemical characteristics and measurement by radioimmunoassay. J Immunol. 1980;125(5):2118\u201326.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"868_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.2.456","volume":"150","author":"SJ Ackerman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ackerman SJ, Corrette SE, Rosenberg HF, Bennett JC, Mastrianni DM, Nicholson-Weller A, et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of human eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (lysophospholipase). Similarities to IgE binding proteins and the S-type animal lectin superfamily. J Immunol. 1993;150(2):456\u201368.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"868_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.128.3.1346","volume":"128","author":"PF Weller","year":"1982","unstructured":"Weller PF, Bach D, Austen KF. Human eosinophil lysophospholipase: the sole protein component of Charcot-Leyden crystals. J Immunol. 1982;128(3):1346\u20139.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"868_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7440","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7440","volume":"77","author":"PF Weller","year":"1980","unstructured":"Weller PF, Goetzl EJ, Austen KF. Identification of human eosinophil lysophospholipase as the constituent of Charcot-Leyden crystals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980;77(12):7440\u20133.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"24","key":"868_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)42520-8","volume":"259","author":"PF Weller","year":"1984","unstructured":"Weller PF, Bach DS, Austen KF. Biochemical characterization of human eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (lysophospholipase). J Biol Chem. 1984;259(24):15100\u20135.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"868_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-2126(01)00275-1","volume":"3","author":"DD Leonidas","year":"1995","unstructured":"Leonidas DD, Elbert BL, Zhou Z, Leffler H, Ackerman SJ, Acharya KR. Crystal structure of human Charcot\u2013Leyden crystal protein, an eosinophil lysophospholipase, identifies it as a new member of the carbohydrate-binding family of galectins. Structure. 1995;3(12):1379\u201393.","journal-title":"Structure."},{"issue":"25","key":"868_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17406","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R113.546218","volume":"289","author":"KR Acharya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Acharya KR, Ackerman SJ. Eosinophil granule proteins: form and function. J Biol Chem. 2014;289(25):17406\u201315.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"868_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638717725783","volume":"29","author":"E Choi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Choi E, Miller AD, Devenish E, Asakawa M, McConkey M, Peters-Kennedy J. Charcot-Leyden crystals: do they exist in veterinary species? A case report and literature review. J Vet Diagn Investig. 2017;29(6):904\u20139.","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Investig"},{"issue":"11","key":"868_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8032","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.11.8032","volume":"275","author":"L Guo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Guo L, Johnson RS, Schuh JC. Biochemical characterization of endogenously formed eosinophilic crystals in the lungs of mice. J Biol Chem. 2000;275(11):8032\u20137.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"17","key":"868_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14916","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M200214200","volume":"277","author":"JL Dunphy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dunphy JL, Barcham GJ, Bischof RJ, Young AR, Nash A, Meeusen EN. Isolation and characterization of a novel eosinophil-specific galectin released into the lungs in response to allergen challenge. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(17):14916\u201324.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"868_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-008-9190-0","volume":"26","author":"AR Young","year":"2009","unstructured":"Young AR, Barcham GJ, Kemp JM, Dunphy JL, Nash A, Meeusen EN. Functional characterization of an eosinophil-specific galectin, ovine galectin-14. Glycoconj J. 2009;26(4):423\u201332.","journal-title":"Glycoconj J"},{"issue":"5","key":"868_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.6b00006","volume":"15","author":"EM Wilkerson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wilkerson EM, Johansson MW, Hebert AS, Westphall MS, Mathur SK, Jarjour NN, et al. The peripheral blood eosinophil proteome. J Proteome Res. 2016;15(5):1524\u201333.","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"868_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-01-069229","volume":"110","author":"J Kubach","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kubach J, Lutter P, Bopp T, Stoll S, Becker C, Huter E, et al. Human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells: proteome analysis identifies galectin-10 as a novel marker essential for their anergy and suppressive function. Blood. 2007;110(5):1550\u20138.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"1","key":"868_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1038\/JID.2015.369","volume":"136","author":"S Noh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Noh S, Jin S, Park CO, Lee YS, Lee N, Lee J, et al. Elevated galectin-10 expression of IL-22-producing T cells in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Investig Dermatol. 2016;136(1):328\u201331.","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"868_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-10-743179","volume":"129","author":"ND Ali","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ali ND, Weissmann D. Charcot-Leyden crystals in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Blood. 2017;129(3):394.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"10","key":"868_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.5858\/2009-0604-LE.1","volume":"134","author":"D Staribratova","year":"2010","unstructured":"Staribratova D, Belovejdov V, Staikov D, Dikov D. Demonstration of Charcot-Leyden crystals in eosinophilic cystitis. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine. 2010;134(10):1420.","journal-title":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"868_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-11-392969","volume":"120","author":"JS Manny","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manny JS, Ellis LR. Acute myeloid leukemia with Charcot-Leyden crystals. Blood. 2012;120(3):503.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"4","key":"868_CR23","first-page":"168","volume":"4","author":"H Ikeda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ikeda H, Katayanagi K, Kurumaya H, Harada K, Sato Y, Sasaki M, et al. A case of hypereosinophilia-associated multiple mass lesions of liver showing non-granulomatous eosinophilic hepatic necrosis. Gastroenterol Res. 2011;4(4):168\u201373.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"868_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.23228","volume":"43","author":"D Thakral","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thakral D, Agarwal P, Saran RK, Saluja S. Significance of Charcot Leyden crystals in liver cytology-a case report. Diagn Cytopathol. 2015;43(5):392\u20134.","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"868_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00346370","volume":"13","author":"W Muller","year":"1990","unstructured":"Muller W, Firsching R. Significance of eosinophilic granulocytes in chronic subdural hematomas. Neurosurg Rev. 1990;13(4):305\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"20","key":"868_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-04-842260","volume":"132","author":"S Ueki","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Ueki S, Tokunaga T, Melo RCN, Saito H, Honda K, Fukuchi M, et al. Charcot-Leyden crystal formation is closely associated with eosinophil extracellular trap cell death. Blood. 2018;132(20):2183\u20137 This research reveals an active process by which Charcot-Leyden crystals are formed in eosinophilic diseases.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"1","key":"868_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3MR1217-476R","volume":"104","author":"RCN Melo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Melo RCN, Weller PF. Contemporary understanding of the secretory granules in human eosinophils. J Leukoc Biol. 2018;104(1):85\u201393.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"868_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.95","volume":"17","author":"PF Weller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weller PF, Spencer LA. Functions of tissue-resident eosinophils. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017;17(12):746\u201360.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"868_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00496","volume":"5","author":"LA Spencer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spencer LA, Bonjour K, Melo RC, Weller PF. Eosinophil secretion of granule-derived cytokines. Front Immunol. 2014;5:496.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"868_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V72.1.150.150","volume":"72","author":"AM Dvorak","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dvorak AM, Letourneau L, Login GR, Weller PF, Ackerman SJ. Ultrastructural localization of the Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (lysophospholipase) to a distinct crystalloid-free granule population in mature human eosinophils. Blood. 1988;72(1):150\u20138.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"1","key":"868_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1997.tb01411.x","volume":"58","author":"J Calafat","year":"1997","unstructured":"Calafat J, Janssen H, Knol EF, Weller PF, Egesten A. Ultrastructural localization of Charcot-Leyden crystal protein in human eosinophils and basophils. Eur J Haematol. 1997;58(1):56\u201366.","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"issue":"6","key":"868_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.6.9906085","volume":"161","author":"JS Erjefalt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Erjefalt JS, Persson CG. New aspects of degranulation and fates of airway mucosal eosinophils. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161(6):2074\u201385.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"868_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940311200211","volume":"112","author":"K Watanabe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Watanabe K, Misu T, Inoue S, Edamatsu H. Cytolysis of eosinophils in nasal secretions. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2003;112(2):169\u201373.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"7","key":"868_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200402-240OC","volume":"170","author":"L Uller","year":"2004","unstructured":"Uller L, Andersson M, Greiff L, Persson CG, Erjefalt JS. Occurrence of apoptosis, secondary necrosis, and cytolysis in eosinophilic nasal polyps. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170(7):742\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"868_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.05.047","volume":"141","author":"C Persson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Persson C, Ueki S. Lytic eosinophils produce extracellular DNA traps as well as free eosinophil granules. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141(3):1164.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"868_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(97)01042-0","volume":"18","author":"CG Persson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Persson CG, Erjefalt JS. Eosinophil lysis and free granules: an in vivo paradigm for cell activation and drug development. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1997;18(4):117\u201323.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"868_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-05-432088","volume":"121","author":"S Ueki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ueki S, Melo RC, Ghiran I, Spencer LA, Dvorak AM, Weller PF. Eosinophil extracellular DNA trap cell death mediates lytic release of free secretion-competent eosinophil granules in humans. Blood. 2013;121(11):2074\u201383.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"8","key":"868_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-016-0634-5","volume":"16","author":"S Ueki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ueki S, Tokunaga T, Fujieda S, Honda K, Hirokawa M, Spencer LA, et al. Eosinophil ETosis and DNA traps: a new look at eosinophilic inflammation. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2016;16(8):54.","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"868_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2019.11.3.320","volume":"11","author":"Y Choi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Choi Y, Lee Y, Park HS. Which factors associated with activated eosinophils contribute to the pathogenesis of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease? Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2019;11(3):320\u20139.","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"868_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200606027","volume":"176","author":"TA Fuchs","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fuchs TA, Abed U, Goosmann C, Hurwitz R, Schulze I, Wahn V, et al. Novel cell death program leads to neutrophil extracellular traps. J Cell Biol. 2007;176(2):231\u201341.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"868_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI84538","volume":"126","author":"OE Sorensen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sorensen OE, Borregaard N. Neutrophil extracellular traps - the dark side of neutrophils. J Clin Invest. 2016;126(5):1612\u201320.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"868_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1159\/000489829","volume":"10","author":"V Brinkmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brinkmann V. Neutrophil extracellular traps in the second decade. J Innate Immun. 2018;10(5\u20136):414\u201321.","journal-title":"J Innate Immun"},{"key":"868_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fukuchi M, Ueki S, Saito H, Miyabe Y, Konno Y, Omokawa A, et al. Comparison of CD16-negative selection vs. MACSxpress system for isolation of blood eosinophils. Allergol Int. 2019.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2019.04.005"},{"key":"868_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.08.013","volume":"88","author":"Y Yamauchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yamauchi Y, Ueki S, Konno Y, Ito W, Takeda M, Nakamura Y, et al. The effect of hepatocyte growth factor on secretory functions in human eosinophils. Cytokine. 2016;88:45\u201350.","journal-title":"Cytokine."},{"issue":"1","key":"868_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.04.041","volume":"137","author":"S Ueki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ueki S, Konno Y, Takeda M, Moritoki Y, Hirokawa M, Matsuwaki Y, et al. Eosinophil extracellular trap cell death-derived DNA traps: their presence in secretions and functional attributes. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;137(1):258\u201367.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"868_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02763","volume":"9","author":"M Mukherjee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mukherjee M, Lacy P, Ueki S. Eosinophil extracellular traps and inflammatory pathologies-untangling the web! Front Immunol. 2018;9:2763.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"868_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-019-0059-6","volume":"3","author":"T Hellmark","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hellmark T, Ohlsson S, Pettersson A, Hansson M, Johansson ACM. Eosinophils in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis. BMC Rheumatol. 2019;3:9.","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"868_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.06.033","volume":"141","author":"M Mukherjee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mukherjee M, Bulir DC, Radford K, Kjarsgaard M, Huang CM, Jacobsen EA, et al. Sputum autoantibodies in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141(4):1269\u201379.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"868_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0136-8","volume":"50","author":"Y Choi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choi Y, Le Pham D, Lee DH, Lee SH, Kim SH, Park HS. Biological function of eosinophil extracellular traps in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. Exp Mol Med. 2018;50(8):104.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"868_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.07.048","volume":"141","author":"VS Muniz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Muniz VS, Silva JC, Braga YAV, Melo RCN, Ueki S, Takeda M, et al. Eosinophils release extracellular DNA traps in response to Aspergillus fumigatus. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141(2):571\u201385 e7.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"868_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2017.08.002","volume":"67","author":"A Omokawa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Omokawa A, Ueki S, Kikuchi Y, Takeda M, Asano M, Sato K, et al. Mucus plugging in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: implication of the eosinophil DNA traps. Allergol Int. 2018;67(2):280\u20132.","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"868_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2017.11.007","volume":"67","author":"N Ohta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ohta N, Ueki S, Konno Y, Hirokawa M, Kubota T, Tomioka-Matsutani S, et al. ETosis-derived DNA trap production in middle ear effusion is a common feature of eosinophilic otitis media. Allergol Int. 2018;67(3):414\u20136.","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"issue":"6442","key":"868_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaaw4295","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw4295","volume":"364","author":"Emma K. Persson","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Persson EK, Verstraete K, Heyndrickx I, Gevaert E, Aegerter H, Percier J-M, et al. Protein crystallization promotes type 2 immunity and is reversible by antibody treatment. Science. 2019;364(6442) This study shows the first demonstration of CLC-dissolving antibody as a therapeutic modality for CLC-triggered Th2 airway inflammation.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"868_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2050","volume":"95","author":"J Wouters","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wouters J, Waelkens E, Vandoninck S, Segaert S, van den Oord JJ. Mass spectrometry of flame figures. Acta Derm Venereol. 2015;95(6):734\u20135.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"868_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S115969","volume":"12","author":"L Uribe Echevarria","year":"2017","unstructured":"Uribe Echevarria L, Leimgruber C, Garcia Gonzalez J, Nevado A, Alvarez R, Garcia LN, et al. Evidence of eosinophil extracellular trap cell death in COPD: does it represent the trigger that switches on the disease? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017;12:885\u201396.","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"868_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1159\/000354934","volume":"162","author":"VS Muniz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Muniz VS, Baptista-Dos-Reis R, Neves JS. Functional extracellular eosinophil granules: a bomb caught in a trap. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2013;162(4):276\u201382.","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"868_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-017-0702-5","volume":"17","author":"S Ueki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ueki S, Ohta N, Takeda M, Konno Y, Hirokawa M. Eosinophilic otitis media: the aftermath of eosinophil extracellular trap cell death. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2017;17(5):33.","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"868_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ueki S, Hebisawa A, Kitani M, Asano K, Neves JS. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis\u2013a luminal hypereosinophilic disease with extracellular trap cell death. Front Immunol. 2018;9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02346"},{"issue":"12","key":"868_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28526","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028526","volume":"6","author":"V Papayannopoulos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Papayannopoulos V, Staab D, Zychlinsky A. Neutrophil elastase enhances sputum solubilization in cystic fibrosis patients receiving DNase therapy. PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28526.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5663","key":"868_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385","volume":"303","author":"V Brinkmann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brinkmann V, Reichard U, Goosmann C, Fauler B, Uhlemann Y, Weiss DS, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria. Science. 2004;303(5663):1532\u20135.","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"10","key":"868_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000639","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000639","volume":"5","author":"CF Urban","year":"2009","unstructured":"Urban CF, Ermert D, Schmid M, Abu-Abed U, Goosmann C, Nacken W, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps contain calprotectin, a cytosolic protein complex involved in host defense against Candida albicans. PLoS Pathog. 2009;5(10):e1000639.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"868_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1219-1","volume":"8","author":"T Munoz-Caro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Munoz-Caro T, Rubio RM, Silva LM, Magdowski G, Gartner U, McNeilly TN, et al. Leucocyte-derived extracellular trap formation significantly contributes to Haemonchus contortus larval entrapment. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8:607.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"868_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3767","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06263-5","volume":"9","author":"E Neubert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neubert E, Meyer D, Rocca F, Gunay G, Kwaczala-Tessmann A, Grandke J, et al. Chromatin swelling drives neutrophil extracellular trap release. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):3767.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"20","key":"868_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-09-873653","volume":"132","author":"AD Klion","year":"2018","unstructured":"Klion AD. Charcot-Leyden crystals: solving an enigma. Blood. 2018;132(20):2111\u20132.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"25","key":"868_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1601611","volume":"374","author":"SR Mulay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mulay SR, Anders HJ. Crystallopathies. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(25):2465\u201376.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"868_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.155","volume":"13","author":"AK So","year":"2017","unstructured":"So AK, Martinon F. Inflammation in gout: mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017;13(11):639\u201347.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"868_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(98)00013-9","volume":"17","author":"LM Lao","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lao LM, Kumakiri M, Nakagawa K, Ishida H, Ishiguro K, Yanagihara M, et al. The ultrastructural findings of Charcot-Leyden crystals in stroma of mastocytoma. J Dermatol Sci. 1998;17(3):198\u2013204.","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"868_CR68","unstructured":"Dvorak AM, Furitsu T, Letourneau L, Ishizaka T, Ackerman SJ. Mature eosinophils stimulated to develop in human cord blood mononuclear cell cultures supplemented with recombinant human interleukin-5. Part I. Piecemeal degranulation of specific granules and distribution of Charcot-Leyden crystal protein. Am J Pathol 1991;138(1):69\u201382."},{"issue":"1","key":"868_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s12308-017-0297-8","volume":"10","author":"EJ Swanson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Swanson EJ, Manivel JC, Valen PA, Mesa H. Necrotizing eosinophilic granulomatous lymphadenitis with ring- and C-shaped granulomas\u2014an underrecognized specific manifestation of nodal Churg-Strauss syndrome. J Hematop. 2017;10(1):39\u201345.","journal-title":"J Hematop"},{"issue":"2","key":"868_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800107","volume":"202","author":"JF Rodriguez-Alcazar","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Rodriguez-Alcazar JF, Ataide MA, Engels G, Schmitt-Mabmunyo C, Garbi N, Kastenmuller W, et al. Charcot-Leyden crystals activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and cause IL-1beta inflammation in human macrophages. J Immunol. 2019;202(2):550\u20138 This study shows the first demonstration of functional roles of CLCs.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"868_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2017.00039","volume":"5","author":"CJE Wahlund","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wahlund CJE, Eklund A, Grunewald J, Gabrielsson S. Pulmonary extracellular vesicles as mediators of local and systemic inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2017;5:39.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"868_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akuthota P, Carmo LAS, Bonjour K, Murphy RO, Silva TP, Gamalier JP, et al. Extracellular microvesicle production by human eosinophils activated by \u201cinflammatory\u201d stimuli. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2016;4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2016.00117"},{"key":"868_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474020","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/474020","volume":"2012","author":"MC Negrete-Garcia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Negrete-Garcia MC, Jimenez-Torres CY, Alvarado-Vasquez N, Montes-Vizuet AR, Velazquez-Rodriguez JR, Jimenez-Martinez MC, et al. Galectin-10 is released in the nasal lavage fluid of patients with aspirin-sensitive respiratory disease. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:474020.","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal."},{"issue":"2","key":"868_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1021\/pr050341h","volume":"5","author":"B Ghafouri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ghafouri B, Irander K, Lindbom J, Tagesson C, Lindahl M. Comparative proteomics of nasal fluid in seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Proteome Res. 2006;5(2):330\u20138.","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"868_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42549","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042549","volume":"7","author":"JC Chua","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chua JC, Douglass JA, Gillman A, O\u2019Hehir RE, Meeusen EN. Galectin-10, a potential biomarker of eosinophilic airway inflammation. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42549.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"868_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.11.024","volume":"133","author":"H Saffari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saffari H, Hoffman LH, Peterson KA, Fang JC, Leiferman KM, Pease LF 3rd, et al. Electron microscopy elucidates eosinophil degranulation patterns in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(6):1728\u201334 e1.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"868_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303171","volume":"62","author":"GT Furuta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Furuta GT, Kagalwalla AF, Lee JJ, Alumkal P, Maybruck BT, Fillon S, et al. The oesophageal string test: a novel, minimally invasive method measures mucosal inflammation in eosinophilic oesophagitis. Gut. 2013;62(10):1395\u2013405.","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"868_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu D, Yan B, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang C. Charcot-Leyden crystal concentration in nasal secretions predicts clinical response to glucocorticoids in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.03.029"},{"issue":"5","key":"868_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.5.2331","volume":"165","author":"KE Pace","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pace KE, Hahn HP, Pang M, Nguyen JT, Baum LG. Cutting edge: CD7 delivers a pro-apoptotic signal during galectin-1-induced T cell death. J Immunol. 2000;165(5):2331\u20134.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"868_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3722","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.7.3722","volume":"165","author":"CD Chung","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chung CD, Patel VP, Moran M, Lewis LA, Miceli MC. Galectin-1 induces partial TCR -chain phosphorylation and antagonizes processive TCR signal transduction. J Immunol. 2000;165(7):3722\u20139.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"868_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.4.2156","volume":"165","author":"H Sano","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sano H, Hsu DK, Yu L, Apgar JR, Kuwabara I, Yamanaka T, et al. Human galectin-3 is a novel chemoattractant for monocytes and macrophages. J Immunol. 2000;165(4):2156\u201364.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"868_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00068","volume":"4","author":"SP Rao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rao SP, Ge XN, Sriramarao P. Regulation of eosinophil recruitment and activation by galectins in allergic asthma. Front Med (Lausanne). 2017;4:68.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-019-0875-1","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,13]],"date-time":"2019-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562976000000}}],"container-title":["Current Allergy and Asthma Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11882-019-0868-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11882-019-0868-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11882-019-0868-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T13:24:36Z","timestamp":1694957076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11882-019-0868-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,15]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11882-019-0868-0","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s11882-019-0875-1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1529-7322","1534-6315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1529-7322","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 June 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2019","order":2,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":3,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original version of this article incorrectly listed the third author\u2019s name. It should be Yohei Yamamoto, not Yamamoto Yohei.","order":4,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"35"}}