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Depending on their prevalence and amount in the pollen source, they are potent allergens, as shown for the major mugwort pollen allergen Art v 1. Only a few allergenic defensins have been identified in plant foods, such as peanut and celery. This review provides an overview of structural and immunological features, IgE cross-reactivity, and diagnostic and therapeutic options regarding allergenic defensins.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We present and critically review the allergenic relevance of pollen and food defensins. The recently identified Api g 7 from celeriac and other allergens potentially involved in\n                      <jats:italic>Artemisia<\/jats:italic>\n                      pollen-related food allergies are discussed and related to clinical severity and allergen stability. To specify\n                      <jats:italic>Artemisia<\/jats:italic>\n                      pollen-related food allergies, we propose the term \u201cdefensin-related food allergies\u201d to account for defensin-polyproline\u2013linked protein-associated food syndromes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There is increasing evidence that defensins are the causative molecules in several mugwort pollen-associated food allergies. A small number of studies have shown IgE cross-reactivity of Art v 1 with celeriac, horse chestnut, mango, and sunflower seed defensins, while the underlying allergenic molecule remains unknown in other mugwort pollen-associated food allergies. As these food allergies can cause severe allergic reactions, identification of allergenic food defensins and further clinical studies with larger patient cohorts are required. This will allow molecule-based allergy diagnosis and a better understanding of defensin-related food allergies to raise awareness of potentially severe food allergies due to primary sensitization to\n                      <jats:italic>Artemisia<\/jats:italic>\n                      pollen.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-023-01080-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]],"date-time":"2023-05-13T06:02:16Z","timestamp":1683957736000},"page":"277-285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["The Role of Defensins as Pollen and Food Allergens"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2457-1425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Cosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4886-417X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Gadermaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1080_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-002-0902-6","volume":"216","author":"BP Thomma","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thomma BP, Cammue BP, Thevissen K. 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Cosi has nothing to disclose. G. Gadermaier reports personal fees from COMPARE, personal fees from Bencard, outside the submitted work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"All reported studies\/experiments involving human or animal subjects performed by the authors were in accordance with the ethical standards of institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}]}}