{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:55:16Z","timestamp":1786982116434,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-026-01268-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:50:52Z","timestamp":1773449452000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mast Cell Mediators and Their Diagnostic Utility in Clonal and Nonclonal Mast Cell Activation Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Matthew P.","family":"Giannetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1268_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2014.01.018","volume":"63","author":"JS Dahlin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dahlin JS, Hallgren J. Mast cell progenitors: origin, development and migration to tissues. Mol Immunol. 2015;63(1):9\u201317.","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"23","key":"1268_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10743","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.46719","volume":"10","author":"P Valent","year":"2020","unstructured":"Valent P, Akin C, Hartmann K, Nilsson G, Reiter A, Hermine O, et al. Mast cells as a unique hematopoietic lineage and cell system: from Paul Ehrlich\u2019s visions to precision medicine concepts. Theranostics. 2020;10(23):10743\u201368.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1268_CR3","first-page":"27","volume":"25","author":"D Voelker","year":"2025","unstructured":"Voelker D, Pongdee T. Biomarkers in the diagnosis of mast cell activation. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2025;25(1):27\u201333.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1268_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-04-015545","volume":"108","author":"AC Garcia-Montero","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garcia-Montero AC, Jara-Acevedo M, Teodosio C, Sanchez ML, Nunez R, Prados A. KIT mutation in mast cells and other bone marrow hematopoietic cell lineages in systemic mast cell disorders: a prospective study of the Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) in a series of 113 patients. Blood. 2006;108(7):2366\u201372.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1268_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.05.007","author":"P Valent","year":"2022","unstructured":"Valent P, Hartmann K, Bonadonna P, G\u00fclen T, Brockow K, Alvarez-Twose I, et al. Global classification of mast cell activation disorders: an ICD-10-CM\u2013adjusted proposal of the ECNM-AIM consortium. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.05.007.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"1268_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valent P, Hartmann K, Bonadonna P, Niedoszytko M, Triggiani M, Arock M, et al. Mast Cell Activation Syndromes: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum Update 2022. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology: S. Karger AG; 2022. p. 693\u2013705.","DOI":"10.1159\/000524532"},{"issue":"4","key":"1268_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.11.045","volume":"7","author":"P Valent","year":"2019","unstructured":"Valent P, Akin C. Doctor, i think i am suffering from MCAS: differential diagnosis and separating facts from fiction. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019;7(4):1109\u201314.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"1268_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.02.021","volume":"8","author":"J Butterfield","year":"2020","unstructured":"Butterfield J, Weiler CR. The utility of measuring urinary metabolites of mast cell mediators in systemic mastocytosis and mast cell activation syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(8):2533\u201341.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"1268_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000501079","author":"P Valent","year":"2019","unstructured":"Valent P, Bonadonna P, Hartmann K, Broesby-Olsen S, Brockow K, Butterfield JH, et al. Why the 20% + 2 tryptase formula is a diagnostic gold standard for severe systemic mast cell activation and mast cell activation syndrome. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000501079.","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1268_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.10.018","volume":"13","author":"P Korosec","year":"2025","unstructured":"Korosec P, Gonzalez-de-Olano D, Lyons JJ. Alpha-tryptase overexpression as a modifier of mast cell-mediated reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2025;13(12):3180\u20136.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"12","key":"1268_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3696","volume":"48","author":"JJ Lyons","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lyons JJ, Yu X, Hughes JD, Le QT, Jamil A, Bai Y, et al. Elevated basal serum tryptase identifies a multisystem disorder associated with increased TPSAB1 copy number. Nat Genet. 2016;48(12):1564\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"1268_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706253162603","volume":"316","author":"LB Schwartz","year":"1987","unstructured":"Schwartz LB, Metcalfe DD, Miller JS, Earl H, Sullivan T. Tryptase levels as an indicator of mast-cell activation in systemic anaphylaxis and mastocytosis. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:1622\u20136.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1268_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2006.05211.x","volume":"273","author":"J Hallgren","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hallgren J, Pejler G. Biology of mast cell tryptase: an inflammatory mediator. FEBS J. 2006;273(9):1871\u201395.","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1268_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.08.007","volume":"149","author":"A Mateja","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mateja A, Wang Q, Chovanec J, Kim J, Wilson KJ, Schwartz LB, et al. Defining baseline variability of serum tryptase levels improves accuracy in identifying anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;149(3):1010-7.e10.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4 PART 2","key":"1268_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(05)80223-4","volume":"86","author":"MV White","year":"1990","unstructured":"White MV. The role of histamine in allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1990;86(4 PART 2):599\u2013605.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2 SUPPL","key":"1268_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2010.08.005","volume":"106","author":"P Lieberman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lieberman P. The basics of histamine biology. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011;106(2 SUPPL):S2-5.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1268_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01980899","volume":"32","author":"I Pollock","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pollock I, Murdoch RD, Lessof MH. Plasma histamine and clinical tolerance to infused histamine in normal, atopic and urticarial subjects. Agents Actions. 1991;32(3\u20134):359\u201365.","journal-title":"Agents Actions"},{"issue":"6","key":"1268_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(89)80398-5","volume":"87","author":"BS Friedman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Friedman BS, Steinberg SC, Meggs WJ, Kaliner MA, Frieri M, Metcalfe DD. Analysis of plasma histamine levels in patients with mast cell disorders. Am J Med. 1989;87(6):649\u201354.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1268_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00016.2019","volume":"100","author":"AC Engevik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Engevik AC, Kaji I, Goldenring JR. The physiology of the gastric parietal cell. Physiol Rev. 2020;100(2):573\u2013602.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"1268_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"B Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang B, Wu L, Chen J, Dong L, Chen C, Wen Z, et al. Metabolism pathways of arachidonic acids: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2021;6:1.","journal-title":"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy."},{"key":"1268_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.207449","volume":"31","author":"E Ricciotti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ricciotti E, Fitzgerald GA. Prostaglandins and inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011;31:986\u20131000.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1268_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2014.6.4.288","volume":"6","author":"Y Kanaoka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kanaoka Y, Boyce JA. Cysteinyl leukotrienes and their receptors; emerging concepts. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2014;6(4):288\u201395.","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"key":"1268_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.155.3.720","volume":"155","author":"CA Rouzer","year":"1982","unstructured":"Rouzer CA, Scott WA, Hamill AL, Cohn ZA. Synthesis of leukotriene C and other arachidonic acid metabolites by mouse pulmonary alveolar macrophages. J Exp Med. 1982;155:720\u201333.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"1268_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8060619","author":"S Rittchen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rittchen S, Heinemann A. Therapeutic potential of hematopoietic prostaglandin D(2) synthase in allergic inflammation. Cells. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells8060619.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"1268_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Awad JA, Morrow JD, Roberts LJ 2nd. Detection of the major urinary metabolite of prostaglandin D2 in the circulation: demonstration of elevated levels in patients with disorders of systemic mast cell activation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1994;93(5):817\u201324.","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(94)90371-9"},{"issue":"5460","key":"1268_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5460.2013","volume":"287","author":"T Matsuoka","year":"2000","unstructured":"Matsuoka T, Hirata M, Tanaka H, Takahashi Y, Murata T, Kabashima K, et al. Prostaglandin D2 as a mediator of allergic asthma. Science. 2000;287(5460):2013\u20137.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5637","key":"1268_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1038\/270530a0","volume":"270","author":"TJ Williams","year":"1977","unstructured":"Williams TJ, Peck MJ. Role of prostaglandin-mediated vasodilatation in inflammation. Nature. 1977;270(5637):530\u20132.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1268_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.02.017","author":"JH Butterfield","year":"2023","unstructured":"Butterfield JH. Increased excretion of mast cell mediator metabolites during mast cell activation syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.02.017.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"1268_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02498.x","volume":"36","author":"M Peters-Golden","year":"2006","unstructured":"Peters-Golden M, Gleason MM, Togias A. Cysteinyl leukotrienes: multi-functional mediators in allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006;36(6):689\u2013703.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"2","key":"1268_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-006-0001-8","volume":"185","author":"C Cai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cai C, Yang J, Hu S, Zhou M, Guo W. Relationship between urinary cysteinyl leukotriene E4 levels and clinical response to antileukotriene treatment in patients with asthma. Lung. 2007;185(2):105\u201312.","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"4","key":"1268_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110670","volume":"70","author":"DW MacGlashan Jr.","year":"1982","unstructured":"MacGlashan DW Jr., Schleimer RP, Peters SP, Schulman ES, Adams GK 3rd, Newball HH, et al. Generation of leukotrienes by purified human lung mast cells. J Clin Invest. 1982;70(4):747\u201351.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"1268_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70184-3","volume":"103","author":"S Kanthawatana","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kanthawatana S, Carias K, Arnaout R, Hu J, Irani a, Schwartz LB. The potential clinical utility of serum alpha-protryptase levels. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;103(6):1092\u20139.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1268_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1159\/000059404","volume":"128","author":"WR Sperr","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sperr WR, Jordan JH, Fiegl M, Escribano L, Bellas C, Dirnhofer S, et al. Serum tryptase levels in patients with mastocytosis: correlation with mast cell burden and implication for defining the category of disease. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2002;128(2):136\u201341.","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1268_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-09-731893","volume":"129","author":"P Valent","year":"2017","unstructured":"Valent P, Akin C, Metcalfe DD. Review article mastocytosis\u202f: 2016 updated WHO classi fi cation and novel emerging treatment concepts. Blood. 2017;129(11):1420\u20138.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"6","key":"1268_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"EVIDoa2200339","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2200339","volume":"2","author":"J Gotlib","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gotlib J, Castells M, Elberink HO, Siebenhaar F, Hartmann K, Broesby-Olsen S, et al. Avapritinib versus Placebo in Indolent Systemic Mastocytosis. NEJM Evid. 2023;2(6):EVIDoa2200339.","journal-title":"NEJM Evid."},{"issue":"3","key":"1268_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2006.05.010","volume":"26","author":"LB Schwartz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schwartz LB. Diagnostic value of tryptase in anaphylaxis and mastocytosis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2006;26(3):451\u201363.","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"key":"1268_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robey RC, Wilcock A, Bonin H, Beaman G, Myers B, Grattan C, et al. Hereditary Alpha-Tryptasemia: UK Prevalence and Variability in Disease Expression. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. 2020:1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.05.057"},{"issue":"8","key":"1268_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.05.003","volume":"10","author":"JJ Lyons","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lyons JJ, Greiner G, Hoermann G, Metcalfe DD. Incorporating tryptase genotyping into the workup and diagnosis of mast cell diseases and reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022;10(8):1964\u201373.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"1268_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12668","volume":"70","author":"R Divekar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Divekar R, Butterfield J. Urinary 11\u03b2-PGF2\u03b1 and N-methyl histamine correlate with bone marrow biopsy findings in mast cell disorders. Allergy. 2015;70(10):1230\u20138.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"24","key":"1268_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198012113032405","volume":"303","author":"LJ Roberts 2nd","year":"1980","unstructured":"Roberts LJ 2nd, Sweetman BJ, Lewis RA, Austen KF, Oates JA. Increased production of prostaglandin D2 in patients with systemic mastocytosis. N Engl J Med. 1980;303(24):1400\u20134.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1268_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.129.4.1627","volume":"129","author":"RA Lewis","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lewis RA, Soter NA, Diamond PT, Austen KF, Oates JA, Roberts LJ. Prostaglandin D2 generation after activation of rat and human mast cells with anti-IgE. J Immunol. 1982;129(4):1627\u201331.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1268_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2014.06.011","volume":"2","author":"A Ravi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ravi A, Butterfield J, Weiler CR. Mast cell activation syndrome: improved identification by combined determinations of serum tryptase and 24-hour urine 11beta-prostaglandin2alpha. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2014;2(6):775\u20138.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"1268_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1159\/000144042","volume":"147","author":"JH Butterfield","year":"2008","unstructured":"Butterfield JH, Weiler CR. Prevention of mast cell activation disorder-associated clinical sequelae of excessive prostaglandin D(2) production. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2008;147(4):338\u201343.","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1268_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200402123500723","volume":"350","author":"J Tolar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tolar J, Tope WD, Neglia JP. Leukotriene-receptor inhibition for the treatment of systemic mastocytosis. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(7):735\u20136.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"1268_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2016.02.007","volume":"49","author":"AJ Lueke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lueke AJ, Meeusen JW, Donato LJ, Gray AV, Butterfield JH, Saenger AK. Analytical and clinical validation of an LC-MS\/MS method for urine leukotriene E4: a marker of systemic mastocytosis. Clin Biochem. 2016;49(13\u201314):979\u201382.","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"1268_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-024-01128-y","volume":"24","author":"D Voelker","year":"2024","unstructured":"Voelker D, Pongdee T. Urine mast cell mediators in the evaluation and diagnosis of mast cell activation syndrome. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2024;24(2):33\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"1268_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002","volume":"38","author":"MJ Hamilton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamilton MJ. Nonclonal mast cell activation syndrome: a growing body of evidence. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2018;38(3):469\u201381.","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"1268_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.10.048","volume":"8","author":"MP Giannetti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giannetti MP, Akin C, Castells M. Idiopathic anaphylaxis: a form of mast cell activation syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(4):1196\u2013201.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"1268_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.03.008","volume":"10","author":"JH Butterfield","year":"2022","unstructured":"Butterfield JH. Nontryptase urinary and hematologic biomarkers of mast cell expansion and mast cell activation: status 2022. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022;10(8):1974\u201384.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"1268_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.12.031","volume":"10","author":"AM Waters","year":"2022","unstructured":"Waters AM, Park HJ, Weskamp AL, Mateja A, Kachur ME, Lyons JJ, et al. Elevated basal serum tryptase: disease distribution and variability in a regional health system. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022;10(9):2424-35 e5.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"1268_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16109","volume":"79","author":"MP Giannetti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Giannetti MP, Godwin G, Middlesworth J, Espeland A, Nicoloro\u2010SantaBarbara J, Castells M. Mast cell activation identified through urine mediators. Allergy. 2024;79(9):2531\u20133.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"2","key":"1268_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-6980(89)90088-9","volume":"38","author":"JD Morrow","year":"1989","unstructured":"Morrow JD, Parsons WG, Roberts LJ. Release of markedly increased quantities of prostaglandin D2 in humans following the administration of nicotinic acid. Prostaglandins. 1989;38(2):263\u201374.","journal-title":"Prostaglandins"},{"issue":"4","key":"1268_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(88)90968-2","volume":"82","author":"AD Ormerod","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ormerod AD, Black AK, Dawes J, Murdoch RD, Koro O, Barr RM, et al. Prostaglandin D2 and histamine release in cold urticaria unaccompanied by evidence of platelet activation. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1988;82(4):586\u20139.","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1268_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2024.100399","volume":"4","author":"JH Butterfield","year":"2025","unstructured":"Butterfield JH, Taylor A. Acute\/baseline ratios of all 3 MC mediator metabolites can enhance diagnosis and management of mast cell activation syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob. 2025;4(2):100399.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob"},{"key":"1268_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1605957113","author":"LG Bankova","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bankova LG, Lai J, Yoshimoto E, Boyce JA, Austen KF, Kanaoka Y, et al. Leukotriene E 4 elicits respiratory epithelial cell mucin release through the G-protein\u2013coupled receptor, GPR99. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1605957113.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"1268_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201501-0073ED","volume":"191","author":"JA Boyce","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boyce JA, Barrett NA. Cysteinyl leukotrienes: an innate system for epithelial control of airway smooth muscle proliferation? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191(5):496\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"1268_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(88)90000-0","volume":"82","author":"B Volovitz","year":"1988","unstructured":"Volovitz B, Osur SL, Bernstein JM, Ogra PL. Leukotriene C4 release in upper respiratory mucosa during natural exposure to ragweed in ragweed-sensitive children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1988;82(3 Pt 1):414\u20138.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1268_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12531738","volume":"80","author":"NA Soter","year":"1983","unstructured":"Soter NA, Lewis RA, Corey EJ, Austen KF. Local effects of synthetic leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, and LTB4) in human skin. J Invest Dermatol. 1983;80(2):115\u20139.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"1268_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-021-00593-8","volume":"17","author":"C Motomura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Motomura C, Ide K, Shimoda T, Odajima H. Exercise-induced anaphylaxis unrelated to food ingestion and with hyperleukotrieneuria during challenge testing. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2021;17:1.","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1268_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000158259.68614.40","volume":"45","author":"C Shibao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shibao C, Arzubiaga C, Roberts LJ, Raj S, Black B, Harris P, et al. Hyperadrenergic postural tachycardia syndrome in mast cell activation disorders. Hypertension. 2005;45(3):385\u201390.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"3","key":"1268_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2021.10.006","volume":"128","author":"P Novak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Novak P, Giannetti MP, Weller E, Hamilton MJ, Castells M. Mast cell disorders are associated with decreased cerebral blood flow and small fiber neuropathy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2022;128(3):299-306.e1.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1268_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2021.06.021","volume":"127","author":"MP Giannetti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giannetti MP. Treatment of systemic mastocytosis: novel and emerging therapies. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021;127(4):412\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"1268_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2021.734733","author":"A Lyly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lyly A, Laidlaw TM, Lundberg M. Pathomechanisms of AERD\u2014recent advances. Front Allergy. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/falgy.2021.734733.","journal-title":"Front Allergy"}],"container-title":["Current Allergy and Asthma Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11882-026-01268-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11882-026-01268-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11882-026-01268-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T02:01:57Z","timestamp":1773453717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11882-026-01268-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11882-026-01268-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1534-6315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1534-6315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Dr. Giannetti reports other from Blueprint Medicines, other from Cogent Biosciences, other from Novartis, other from NemaGen, other from InmaGene, outside the submitted work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"23"}}