{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:02:44Z","timestamp":1777366964892,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-026-01275-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T06:47:21Z","timestamp":1777358841000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Atopic Dermatitis, Allergic Contact Dermatitis, and Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria and its Therapeutic Implications"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Carli Needle","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harmehar","family":"Kohli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanwaljit","family":"Brar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1275_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.06.048","volume":"131","author":"JK Gittler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gittler JK, Krueger JG, Guttman-Yassky E. Atopic dermatitis results in intrinsic barrier and immune abnormalities: implications for contact dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131(2):300\u201313.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.12.1124","volume":"127","author":"M Su\u00e1rez-Fari\u00f1as","year":"2011","unstructured":"Su\u00e1rez-Fari\u00f1as M, Tintle SJ, Shemer A, Chiricozzi A, Nograles K, Cardinale I, et al. Nonlesional atopic dermatitis skin is characterized by broad terminal differentiation defects and variable immune abnormalities. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(4):954\u201364.e1-4.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1275_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.04.042","volume":"136","author":"C Riethmuller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Riethmuller C, McAleer MA, Koppes SA, Abdayem R, Franz J, Haftek M, et al. Filaggrin breakdown products determine corneocyte conformation in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(6):1573\u2013e802.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1275_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.07.009","volume":"145","author":"SG Brooks","year":"2025","unstructured":"Brooks SG, Mahmoud RH, Lin RR, Fluhr JW, Yosipovitch G. The Skin Acid Mantle: An Update on Skin pH. J Invest Dermatol. 2025;145(3):509\u201321.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"1275_CR5","unstructured":"Peng G, Abudouwanli A, Sun Q, Tan Y, Zhao W, Yang M et al. Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis. The Journal of Dermatology.n\/a(n\/a)."},{"issue":"8","key":"1275_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.05.011","volume":"29","author":"A Uberoi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uberoi A, Bartow-McKenney C, Zheng Q, Flowers L, Campbell A, Knight SAB, et al. Commensal microbiota regulates skin barrier function and repair via signaling through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Cell Host Microbe. 2021;29(8):1235\u2013e488.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.04.029","volume":"154","author":"C H\u00fclp\u00fcsch","year":"2024","unstructured":"H\u00fclp\u00fcsch C, Rohayem R, Reiger M, Traidl-Hoffmann C. Exploring the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and disease modification. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2024;154(1):31\u201341.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1275_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.02.006","volume":"139","author":"AM Brauweiler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brauweiler AM, Goleva E, Leung DYM. Staphylococcus aureus Lipoteichoic Acid Damages the Skin Barrier through an IL-1-Mediated Pathway. J Invest Dermatol. 2019;139(8):1753\u2013e614.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"1275_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.148383","volume":"331","author":"J Pytelkov\u00e1","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pytelkov\u00e1 J, Ors\u00e1ghov\u00e1 K, Be\u0148ov\u00e1 M, Horn M, Schabussova I, Mare\u0161 M. Allergenic mites excrete cathepsins B and C as active cysteine proteases distinct from group 1 allergens. Int J Biol Macromol. 2025;331(Pt 2):148383.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"1275_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s44","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1983.12","volume":"80","author":"PM Elias","year":"1983","unstructured":"Elias PM. Epidermal lipids, barrier function, and desquamation. J Invest Dermatol. 1983;80(1 Suppl):s44\u20139.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-009-0037-y","volume":"9","author":"PM Elias","year":"2009","unstructured":"Elias PM, Schmuth M. Abnormal skin barrier in the etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2009;9(4):265\u201372.","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1767","volume":"38","author":"CN Palmer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Palmer CN, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, Zhao Y, Liao H, Lee SP, et al. Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis. Nat Genet. 2006;38(4):441\u20136.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"1275_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aav2685","volume":"11","author":"DYM Leung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leung DYM, Calatroni A, Zaramela LS, LeBeau PK, Dyjack N, Brar K, et al. The nonlesional skin surface distinguishes atopic dermatitis with food allergy as a unique endotype. Sci Transl Med. 2019;11:480.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4062","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48226-z","volume":"15","author":"K Fukuda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fukuda K, Ito Y, Furuichi Y, Matsui T, Horikawa H, Miyano T, et al. Three stepwise pH progressions in stratum corneum for homeostatic maintenance of the skin. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):4062.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"49","key":"1275_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47399","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204759200","volume":"277","author":"MJ Behne","year":"2002","unstructured":"Behne MJ, Meyer JW, Hanson KM, Barry NP, Murata S, Crumrine D, et al. NHE1 regulates the stratum corneum permeability barrier homeostasis. Microenvironment acidification assessed with fluorescence lifetime imaging. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(49):47399\u2013406.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"1275_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202X.2003.00204.x","volume":"122","author":"JW Fluhr","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fluhr JW, Behne MJ, Brown BE, Moskowitz DG, Selden C, Mao-Qiang M, et al. Stratum corneum acidification in neonatal skin: secretory phospholipase A2 and the sodium\/hydrogen antiporter-1 acidify neonatal rat stratum corneum. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;122(2):320\u20139.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.23.078","volume":"36","author":"EH Choi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Choi EH, Kang H. Importance of Stratum Corneum Acidification to Restore Skin Barrier Function in Eczematous Diseases. Ann Dermatol. 2024;36(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1275_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.133","volume":"129","author":"MJ Cork","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cork MJ, Danby SG, Vasilopoulos Y, Hadgraft J, Lane ME, Moustafa M, et al. Epidermal barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol. 2009;129(8):1892\u2013908.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2009.00491.x","volume":"31","author":"E Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim E, Kim S, Nam GW, Lee H, Moon S, Chang I. The alkaline pH-adapted skin barrier is disrupted severely by SLS-induced irritation. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2009;31(4):263\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Cosmet Sci"},{"key":"1275_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S409534","volume":"16","author":"R Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li R, Rodrigues M, Li L, Winget J, Wang Y, Wang C, et al. Association Between Skin Acid Mantle, Natural Moisturizing Factors, and Antibacterial Activity Against S. aureus in the Stratum Corneum. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2023;16:1595\u2013606.","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1275_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.01.053","volume":"178","author":"R Gruber","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gruber R, Elias PM, Crumrine D, Lin TK, Brandner JM, Hachem JP, et al. Filaggrin genotype in ichthyosis vulgaris predicts abnormalities in epidermal structure and function. Am J Pathol. 2011;178(5):2252\u201363.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1275_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000045","volume":"25","author":"J Bandier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bandier J, Johansen JD, Petersen LJ, Carlsen BC. Skin pH, atopic dermatitis, and filaggrin mutations. Dermatitis. 2014;25(3):127\u20139.","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/JID.2015.363","volume":"136","author":"H Jang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jang H, Matsuda A, Jung K, Karasawa K, Matsuda K, Oida K, et al. Skin pH Is the Master Switch of Kallikrein 5-Mediated Skin Barrier Destruction in a Murine Atopic Dermatitis Model. J Invest Dermatol. 2016;136(1):127\u201335.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1275_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.08.057","volume":"155","author":"SR Wilson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wilson SR, Th\u00e9 L, Batia LM, Beattie K, Katibah GE, McClain SP, et al. The epithelial cell-derived atopic dermatitis cytokine TSLP activates neurons to induce itch. Cell. 2013;155(2):285\u201395.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"1275_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.01.004","volume":"30","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Hunt RL, Villaruz AE, Fisher EL, Liu R, Liu Q, et al. Commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis contributes to skin barrier homeostasis by generating protective ceramides. Cell Host Microbe. 2022;30(3):301\u2013e139.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01256-2","volume":"27","author":"T Nakatsuji","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nakatsuji T, Hata TR, Tong Y, Cheng JY, Shafiq F, Butcher AM, et al. Development of a human skin commensal microbe for bacteriotherapy of atopic dermatitis and use in a phase 1 randomized clinical trial. Nat Med. 2021;27(4):700\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1275_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.05.004","volume":"137","author":"SH Smith","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smith SH, Jayawickreme C, Rickard DJ, Nicodeme E, Bui T, Simmons C, et al. Tapinarof Is a Natural AhR Agonist that Resolves Skin Inflammation in Mice and Humans. J Invest Dermatol. 2017;137(10):2110\u20139.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1275_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.05.1391","volume":"93","author":"R Bissonnette","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bissonnette R, Stein Gold L, Kircik L, Simpson EL, Eichenfield LF, Browning J, et al. Skin clearance, duration of treatment-free interval, and safety of tapinarof cream 1% once daily: Results from ADORING 3, a 48-week phase 3 open-label extension trial in adults and children down to 2 years of age with atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2025;93(3):707\u201314.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1275_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Hout NE, Nevot G, Jansen PAM, Mannan AA, Zeeuwen P, Hijnen DJ et al. From prebiotics to engineered microbes: microbe-inspired therapies for atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol. 2025.","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljaf451"},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70151-5","volume":"27","author":"EJ Nilsson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nilsson EJ, Henning CG, Magnusson J. Topical corticosteroids and Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992;27(1):29\u201334.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08556.x","volume":"131","author":"JF Stalder","year":"1994","unstructured":"Stalder JF, Fleury M, Sourisse M, Rostin M, Pheline F, Litoux P. Local steroid therapy and bacterial skin flora in atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol. 1994;131(4):536\u201340.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1275_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09145.x","volume":"161","author":"DY Leung","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leung DY, Hanifin JM, Pariser DM, Barber KA, Langley RG, Schlievert PM, et al. Effects of pimecrolimus cream 1% in the treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis who demonstrate a clinical insensitivity to topical corticosteroids: a randomized, multicentre vehicle-controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2009;161(2):435\u201343.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1275_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240289","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1240289","volume":"11","author":"K Pfisterer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pfisterer K, Wielscher M, Samardzic D, Weinzettl P, Symmank D, Shaw LE, et al. Non-IgE-reactive allergen peptides deteriorate the skin barrier in house dust mite-sensitized atopic dermatitis patients. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2023;11:1240289.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"1275_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamagawa-Mineoka R, Katoh N. Atopic Dermatitis: Identification and Management of Complicating Factors. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(8).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082671"},{"issue":"3","key":"1275_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2023.11.009","volume":"132","author":"DK Chu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chu DK, Schneider L, Asiniwasis RN, Boguniewicz M, De Benedetto A, Ellison K, et al. Atopic dermatitis (eczema) guidelines: 2023 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology\/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters GRADE- and Institute of Medicine-based recommendations. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2024;132(3):274\u2013312.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"1275_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3170173","volume":"317","author":"M Simon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Simon M, Haftek M, Sebbag M, Mont\u00e9zin M, Girbal-Neuhauser E, Schmitt D, et al. Evidence that filaggrin is a component of cornified cell envelopes in human plantar epidermis. Biochem J. 1996;317(Pt 1):173\u20137.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.01.026","volume":"121","author":"J Henderson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Henderson J, Northstone K, Lee SP, Liao H, Zhao Y, Pembrey M, et al. The burden of disease associated with filaggrin mutations: a population-based, longitudinal birth cohort study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121(4):872\u2013e79.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.05.004","volume":"118","author":"S Weidinger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weidinger S, Illig T, Baurecht H, Irvine AD, Rodriguez E, Diaz-Lacava A, et al. Loss-of-function variations within the filaggrin gene predispose for atopic dermatitis with allergic sensitizations. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;118(1):214\u20139.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.02.010","volume":"127","author":"DY Leung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leung DY, Gao PS, Grigoryev DN, Rafaels NM, Streib JE, Howell MD, et al. Human atopic dermatitis complicated by eczema herpeticum is associated with abnormalities in IFN-\u03b3 response. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(4):965\u201373.e1-5","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1275_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2023.04.007","volume":"110","author":"G Tsuji","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsuji G, Hashimoto-Hachiya A, Yumine A, Takemura M, Kido-Nakahara M, Ito T, et al. PDE4 inhibition by difamilast regulates filaggrin and loricrin expression via keratinocyte proline-rich protein in human keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci. 2023;110(2):61\u20138.","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1275_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.15840","volume":"42","author":"LF Eichenfield","year":"2025","unstructured":"Eichenfield LF, Serrao R, Prajapati VH, Browning JC, Swanson L, Funk T, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Once-Daily Roflumilast Cream 0.05% in Pediatric Patients Aged 2\u20135 Years With Mild-to-Moderate Atopic Dermatitis (INTEGUMENT-PED): A Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatr Dermatol. 2025;42(2):296\u2013304.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1275_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2025.1136","volume":"161","author":"MJ Gooderham","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gooderham MJ, Alonso-Llamazares J, Bagel J, Bhatia N, Bukhalo M, DuBois J, et al. Roflumilast Foam, 0.3%, for Psoriasis of the Scalp and Body: The ARRECTOR Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Dermatology. 2025;161(7):698\u2013706.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"1275_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.1946","volume":"155","author":"DJ Margolis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Margolis DJ, Mitra N, Wubbenhorst B, D\u2019Andrea K, Kraya AA, Hoffstad O, et al. Association of Filaggrin Loss-of-Function Variants With Race in Children With Atopic Dermatitis. JAMA Dermatol. 2019;155(11):1269\u201376.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1275_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2017.58.2.395","volume":"58","author":"HR On","year":"2017","unstructured":"On HR, Lee SE, Kim SE, Hong WJ, Kim HJ, Nomura T, et al. Filaggrin Mutation in Korean Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. Yonsei Med J. 2017;58(2):395\u2013400.","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1275_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.09.015","volume":"133","author":"DJ Margolis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Margolis DJ, Gupta J, Apter AJ, Ganguly T, Hoffstad O, Papadopoulos M, et al. Filaggrin-2 variation is associated with more persistent atopic dermatitis in African American subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(3):784\u20139.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjidi.2024.100284","volume":"4","author":"S Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang S, Elmgren JK, Eisfeldt J, Asad S, Ek M, Bilcha K, et al. Uncommon Variants in FLG2 and NOD2 Are Associated with Atopic Dermatitis in the Ethiopian Population. JID Innov. 2024;4(4):100284.","journal-title":"JID Innov"},{"issue":"7","key":"1275_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-012-1155-5","volume":"131","author":"Z Hu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hu Z, Xiong Z, Xu X, Li F, Lu L, Li W, et al. Loss-of-function mutations in filaggrin gene associate with psoriasis vulgaris in Chinese population. Hum Genet. 2012;131(7):1269\u201374.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"1275_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lo Piccolo L, Wongkummool W, Jantaree P, Daroontum T, Chaowattanapanit S, Choonhakarn C et al. Rare Filaggrin Variants Are Associated with Pustular Skin Diseases in Asians. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(12).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126466"},{"issue":"2","key":"1275_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2013.04.021","volume":"71","author":"K Yoshida","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yoshida K, Yokouchi M, Nagao K, Ishii K, Amagai M, Kubo A. Functional tight junction barrier localizes in the second layer of the stratum granulosum of human epidermis. J Dermatol Sci. 2013;71(2):89\u201399.","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1275_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.10.018","volume":"127","author":"A De Benedetto","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Benedetto A, Rafaels NM, McGirt LY, Ivanov AI, Georas SN, Cheadle C, et al. Tight junction defects in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(3):773\u201386.e1-7.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"1275_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katsarou S, Makris M, Vakirlis E, Gregoriou S. The Role of Tight Junctions in Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med. 2023;12(4).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041538"},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58718-9","volume":"10","author":"S Bergmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bergmann S, von Buenau B, Vidal-y-Sy S, Haftek M, Wladykowski E, Houdek P, et al. Claudin-1 decrease impacts epidermal barrier function in atopic dermatitis lesions dose-dependently. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):2024.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.239","volume":"133","author":"JM Leyva-Castillo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leyva-Castillo JM, Hener P, Jiang H, Li M. TSLP produced by keratinocytes promotes allergen sensitization through skin and thereby triggers atopic march in mice. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133(1):154\u201363.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1275_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljac016","volume":"188","author":"AM Trier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Trier AM, Kim BS. Insights into atopic dermatitis pathogenesis lead to newly approved systemic therapies. Br J Dermatol. 2022;188(6):698\u2013708.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1275_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3847","volume":"4","author":"JM Leyva-Castillo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leyva-Castillo JM, Hener P, Michea P, Karasuyama H, Chan S, Soumelis V, et al. Skin thymic stromal lymphopoietin initiates Th2 responses through an orchestrated immune cascade. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2847.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12293","volume":"23","author":"J van Smeden","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Smeden J, Janssens M, Kaye EC, Caspers PJ, Lavrijsen AP, Vreeken RJ, et al. The importance of free fatty acid chain length for the skin barrier function in atopic eczema patients. Exp Dermatol. 2014;23(1):45\u201352.","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"1275_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berdyshev E, Goleva E, Bronova I, Dyjack N, Rios C, Jung J et al. Lipid abnormalities in atopic skin are driven by type 2 cytokines. JCI Insight. 2018;3(4).","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.98006"},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.11.008","volume":"151","author":"MF Huffaker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huffaker MF, Kanchan K, Bahnson HT, Ruczinski I, Shankar G, Leung DYM, et al. Epidermal differentiation complex genetic variation in atopic dermatitis and peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023;151(4):1137\u2013e424.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"1275_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u0119bi\u0144ska A, Danielewicz H, Soza\u0144ska B. Genetic Variants in Epidermal Differentiation Complex Genes as Predictive Biomarkers for Atopic Eczema, Allergic Sensitization, and Eczema-Associated Asthma in a 6-Year Follow-Up Case-Control Study in Children. J Clin Med. 2022;11(16).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11164865"},{"issue":"2","key":"1275_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3109\/07388551.2011.594423","volume":"32","author":"M Pasupuleti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pasupuleti M, Schmidtchen A, Malmsten M. Antimicrobial peptides: key components of the innate immune system. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2012;32(2):143\u201371.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biotechnol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1275_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15814","volume":"61","author":"S Suwanchote","year":"2022","unstructured":"Suwanchote S, Waitayangkoon P, Chancheewa B, Inthanachai T, Niwetbowornchai N, Edwards SW, et al. Role of antimicrobial peptides in atopic dermatitis. Int J Dermatol. 2022;61(5):532\u201340.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1275_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.03.027","volume":"122","author":"J Schauber","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schauber J, Gallo RL. Antimicrobial peptides and the skin immune defense system. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;122(2):261\u20136.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"15","key":"1275_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021481","volume":"347","author":"PY Ong","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ong PY, Ohtake T, Brandt C, Strickland I, Boguniewicz M, Ganz T, et al. Endogenous antimicrobial peptides and skin infections in atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(15):1151\u201360.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1275_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8003","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.12.8003","volume":"174","author":"S Rieg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rieg S, Steffen H, Seeber S, Humeny A, Kalbacher H, Dietz K, et al. Deficiency of dermcidin-derived antimicrobial peptides in sweat of patients with atopic dermatitis correlates with an impaired innate defense of human skin in vivo. J Immunol. 2005;174(12):8003\u201310.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1159\/000128582","volume":"147","author":"T Gambichler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gambichler T, Skrygan M, Tomi NS, Othlinghaus N, Brockmeyer NH, Altmeyer P, et al. Differential mRNA expression of antimicrobial peptides and proteins in atopic dermatitis as compared to psoriasis vulgaris and healthy skin. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2008;147(1):17\u201324.","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1275_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"adv00164","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3514","volume":"100","author":"SM Edslev","year":"2020","unstructured":"Edslev SM, Agner T, Andersen PS. Skin Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2020;100(12):adv00164.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15816","volume":"79","author":"LSS Nicol\u00e0s","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nicol\u00e0s LSS, Czarnowicki T, Akdis M, Pujol RM, Lozano-Ojalvo D, Leung DYM, et al. CLA+ memory T cells in atopic dermatitis. Allergy. 2024;79(1):15\u201325.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"1275_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652613","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.652613","volume":"12","author":"C de Jes\u00fas-Gil","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Jes\u00fas-Gil C, Sans-de SanNicol\u00e0s L, Garc\u00eda-Jim\u00e9nez I, Ferran M, Celada A, Chiriac A, et al. The Translational Relevance of Human Circulating Memory Cutaneous Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen Positive T Cells in Inflammatory Skin Disorders. Front Immunol. 2021;12:652613.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18020","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74798-z","volume":"10","author":"N Acevedo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Acevedo N, Benfeitas R, Katayama S, Bruhn S, Andersson A, Wikberg G, et al. Epigenetic alterations in skin homing CD4(+)CLA(+) T cells of atopic dermatitis patients. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):18020.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2022152","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1201a152","volume":"12","author":"LF Santamaria-Bab\u00ed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Santamaria-Bab\u00ed LF. Atopic Dermatitis Pathogenesis: Lessons From Immunology. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2022;12(1):e2022152.","journal-title":"Dermatol Pract Concept"},{"key":"1275_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639097","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.639097","volume":"8","author":"JM Nemmer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nemmer JM, Kuchner M, Datsi A, Ol\u00e1h P, Julia V, Raap U, et al. Interleukin-31 Signaling Bridges the Gap Between Immune Cells, the Nervous System and Epithelial Tissues. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:639097.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"10","key":"1275_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.1998.00397.x","volume":"28","author":"MJ Torres","year":"1998","unstructured":"Torres MJ, Gonzalez FJ, Corzo JL, Giron MD, Carvajal MJ, Garcia V, et al. Circulating CLA+ lymphocytes from children with atopic dermatitis contain an increased percentage of cells bearing staphylococcal-related T-cell receptor variable segments. Clin Exp Allergy. 1998;28(10):1264\u201372.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"1275_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2021.155664","volume":"148","author":"S Nakajima","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nakajima S, Tie D, Nomura T, Kabashima K. Novel pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis from the view of cytokines in mice and humans. Cytokine. 2021;148:155664.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"3","key":"1275_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-025-01261-2","volume":"22","author":"I Ogulur","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ogulur I, Mitamura Y, Yazici D, Pat Y, Ardicli S, Li M, et al. Type 2 immunity in allergic diseases. Cell Mol Immunol. 2025;22(3):211\u201342.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1275_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-023-00750-1","volume":"22","author":"P Kolkhir","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kolkhir P, Akdis CA, Akdis M, Bachert C, Bieber T, Canonica GW, et al. Type 2 chronic inflammatory diseases: targets, therapies and unmet needs. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2023;22(9):743\u201367.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"3","key":"1275_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.10.039","volume":"82","author":"AB Pavel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pavel AB, Zhou L, Diaz A, Ungar B, Dan J, He H, et al. The proteomic skin profile of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis patients shows an inflammatory signature. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82(3):690\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1275_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.12.018","volume":"139","author":"LC Tsoi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tsoi LC, Rodriguez E, Degenhardt F, Baurecht H, Wehkamp U, Volks N, et al. Atopic Dermatitis Is an IL-13-Dominant Disease with Greater Molecular Heterogeneity Compared to Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol. 2019;139(7):1480\u20139.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"adv00447","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3810","volume":"101","author":"MAX Tollenaere","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tollenaere MAX, Litman T, Moebus L, Rodriguez E, St\u00f6lzl D, Drerup K, et al. Skin Barrier and Inflammation Genes Associated with Atopic Dermatitis are Regulated by Interleukin-13 and Modulated by Tralokinumab In vitro. Acta Derm Venereol. 2021;101(4):adv00447.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1275_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.10.013","volume":"134","author":"JD Hamilton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hamilton JD, Su\u00e1rez-Fari\u00f1as M, Dhingra N, Cardinale I, Li X, Kostic A, et al. Dupilumab improves the molecular signature in skin of patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134(6):1293\u2013300.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1275_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"AB10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.12.073","volume":"149","author":"E Berdyshev","year":"2022","unstructured":"Berdyshev E, Goleva E, Bissonnette R, Bronova I, Bronoff AS, Richers B, et al. Dupilumab treatment significantly improves skin barrier function in adult and adolescent patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;149(2):AB10.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"1275_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"AB5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.11.039","volume":"153","author":"I Bronova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bronova I, Berdyshev E, Goleva E, Danby S, Bronoff A, Richers B, et al. Dupilumab Improves Skin Lipid Barrier in Pediatric Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2024;153:AB5.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1275_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.11.079","volume":"92","author":"R Bissonnette","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bissonnette R, Goleva E, Berdyshev E, Garcia S, Ramirez-Gama M, Taylor PA, et al. Dupilumab treatment restores lesional and nonlesional skin barrier function in adults and adolescents with atopic dermatitis irrespective of the filaggrin genotype: Results from an open-label, healthy-control-matched, phase 4 clinical study (BALISTAD). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2025;92(5):1132\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1275_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.560","volume":"145","author":"J Silverberg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Silverberg J, Laquer V, Lio P, Papp K, Irvine A, Blauvelt A, et al. 361 Lebrikizumab Dosed Every 8 Weeks as Maintenance Provides Long-Lasting Response in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatology. 2025;145(11):e88.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"1275_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-025-01481-4","volume":"15","author":"E Guttman-Yassky","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guttman-Yassky E, Sun Z, Mena LR, Hahn N, Nickoloff BJ, Preuss C, et al. Lebrikizumab Rapidly Lowers Inflammatory Biomarkers with Clinical Correlations in Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2025;15(9):2595\u2013614.","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"key":"1275_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s324","DOI":"10.25251\/skin.8.supp.324","volume":"8","author":"L Beck","year":"2024","unstructured":"Beck L, Weidinger S, Tauber M, Saeki H, Irvine A, Eichenfield L, et al. Neutralizing Interleukin-13 with Tralokinumab Reduces Abundance of S. aureus in Adolescents with Atopic Dermatitis. SKIN J Cutan Med. 2024;8:s324.","journal-title":"SKIN J Cutan Med"},{"key":"1275_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068260","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1068260","volume":"13","author":"IH Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang IH, Chung WH, Wu PC, Chen CB. JAK-STAT signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis: An updated review. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1068260.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1275_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.07.010","volume":"152","author":"E Guttman-Yassky","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guttman-Yassky E, Irvine AD, Brunner PM, Kim BS, Boguniewicz M, Parmentier J, et al. The role of Janus kinase signaling in the pathology of atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023;152(6):1394\u2013404.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"1275_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furue M. Regulation of Skin Barrier Function via Competition between AHR Axis versus IL-13\/IL-4\u2013JAK\u2013STAT6\/STAT3 Axis: Pathogenic and Therapeutic Implications in Atopic Dermatitis. J Clin Med. 2020;9(11).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9113741"},{"issue":"10372","key":"1275_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02037-2","volume":"401","author":"E Guttman-Yassky","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guttman-Yassky E, Simpson EL, Reich K, Kabashima K, Igawa K, Suzuki T, et al. An anti-OX40 antibody to treat moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b study. Lancet. 2023;401(10372):204\u201314.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1275_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadrolashrafi K, Guo L, Kikuchi R, Hao A, Yamamoto RK, Tolson HC et al. An OX-Tra\u2019Ordinary Tale: The Role of OX40 and OX40L in Atopic Dermatitis. Cells. 2024;13(7).","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13070587"},{"issue":"3","key":"1275_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.05.1385","volume":"93","author":"LF Eichenfield","year":"2025","unstructured":"Eichenfield LF, Stein Gold LF, Simpson EL, Zaenglein AL, Armstrong AW, Tollefson MM, et al. Efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib cream in children aged 2 to 11 years with atopic dermatitis: Results from TRuE-AD3, a phase 3, randomized double-blind study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2025;93(3):689\u201398.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18571","volume":"37","author":"A Blauvelt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Blauvelt A, Kircik L, Papp KA, Simpson EL, Silverberg JI, Kim BS, et al. Rapid pruritus reduction with ruxolitinib cream treatment in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023;37(1):137\u201346.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1275_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70132","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.70132","volume":"34","author":"LF Koh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Koh LF, Firdaus MJ, Natsuaki Y, Hanakawa S, Tham K-C, Lunny DP, et al. Ruxolitinib Alleviates Inflammation and Fortifies Skin Barrier Function Through Dampening IL-13. Exp Dermatol. 2025;34(7):e70132.","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1275_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2019380","volume":"384","author":"T Bieber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bieber T, Simpson EL, Silverberg JI, Tha\u00e7i D, Paul C, Pink AE, et al. Abrocitinib versus Placebo or Dupilumab for Atopic Dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(12):1101\u201312.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1275_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.04.027","volume":"93","author":"JW Chang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chang JW, Huang X, Jiang W, Lun L, Liu W, Xu R, et al. Abrocitinib versus dupilumab: Impact on skin barrier function and proteomics in atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2025;93(2):406\u201314.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"10290","key":"1275_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00588-2","volume":"397","author":"E Guttman-Yassky","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guttman-Yassky E, Teixeira HD, Simpson EL, Papp KA, Pangan AL, Blauvelt A, et al. Once-daily upadacitinib versus placebo in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2): results from two replicate double-blind, randomised controlled phase 3 trials. Lancet. 2021;397(10290):2151\u201368.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljae404","volume":"192","author":"JI Silverberg","year":"2024","unstructured":"Silverberg JI, Bunick CG, Hong HC, Mendes-Bastos P, Stein Gold L, Costanzo A, et al. Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib versus dupilumab in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: week 16 results of an open-label randomized efficacy assessor-blinded head-to-head phase IIIb\/IV study (Level Up). Br J Dermatol. 2024;192(1):36\u201345.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1275_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s592","DOI":"10.25251\/apx36v88","volume":"9","author":"J Silverberg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Silverberg J, Gooderham M, Bunick C, Calimlim B, Grada A, Maldonado Y, et al. Real-World Effectiveness of Upadacitinib in Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: Results from Longitudinal Analyses in 6- and 12-month Cohorts From the PPD CorEvitas Atopic Dermatitis Registry. SKIN J Cutan Med. 2025;9:s592.","journal-title":"SKIN J Cutan Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1275_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-023-00838-9","volume":"25","author":"M Croft","year":"2024","unstructured":"Croft M, Esfandiari E, Chong C, Hsu H, Kabashima K, Kricorian G, et al. OX40 in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis-A New Therapeutic Target. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2024;25(3):447\u201361.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.10.031","volume":"155","author":"S Weidinger","year":"2025","unstructured":"Weidinger S, Blauvelt A, Papp KA, Reich A, Lee CH, Worm M, et al. Phase 2b randomized clinical trial of amlitelimab, an anti-OX40 ligand antibody, in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2025;155(4):1264\u201375.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1275_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.11.053","volume":"144","author":"E Guttman-Yassky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guttman-Yassky E, Pavel AB, Zhou L, Estrada YD, Zhang N, Xu H, et al. GBR 830, an anti-OX40, improves skin gene signatures and clinical scores in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;144(2):482\u2013. \u2013\u200993.e7.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"10523","key":"1275_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01865-3","volume":"407","author":"E Guttman-Yassky","year":"2026","unstructured":"Guttman-Yassky E, Kabashima K, Worm M, Luna PC, Hong HC, Chovatiya R, et al. Efficacy and safety of rocatinlimab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in ROCKET-IGNITE and ROCKET-HORIZON: two global, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised phase 3 clinical trials. Lancet. 2026;407(10523):53\u201366.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"24","key":"1275_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1610020","volume":"375","author":"EL Simpson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Simpson EL, Bieber T, Guttman-Yassky E, Beck LA, Blauvelt A, Cork MJ, et al. Two Phase 3 Trials of Dupilumab versus Placebo in Atopic Dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(24):2335\u201348.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10470","key":"1275_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01810-5","volume":"404","author":"S Weidinger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Weidinger S, Novak N. Hand eczema. Lancet. 2024;404(10470):2476\u201386.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1275_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leonard A, Guttman-Yassky E. The Unique Molecular Signatures of Contact Dermatitis and Implications for Treatment. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2019;56.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8685-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"1275_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.08.019","volume":"30","author":"E Proksch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Proksch E, Brasch J. Abnormal epidermal barrier in the pathogenesis of contact dermatitis. Clin Dermatol. 2012;30(3):335\u201344.","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1275_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.06.048","volume":"89","author":"H Johnson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Johnson H, Aquino MR, Snyder A, Collis RW, Franca K, Goldenberg A, et al. Prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis in children with and without atopic dermatitis: A multicenter retrospective case-control study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023;89(5):1007\u201314.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"14","key":"1275_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1011040","volume":"365","author":"AD Irvine","year":"2011","unstructured":"Irvine AD, McLean WH, Leung DY. Filaggrin mutations associated with skin and allergic diseases. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(14):1315\u201327.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1275_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.11.002","volume":"84","author":"H Neale","year":"2021","unstructured":"Neale H, Garza-Mayers AC, Tam I, Yu J. Pediatric allergic contact dermatitis. Part I: Clinical features and common contact allergens in children. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;84(2):235\u201344.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1275_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamaguchi HL, Yamaguchi Y, Peeva E. Role of Innate Immunity in Allergic Contact Dermatitis: An Update. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(16).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612975"},{"issue":"3","key":"1275_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200708030-00003","volume":"8","author":"U Wollina","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wollina U. The role of topical calcineurin inhibitors for skin diseases other than atopic dermatitis. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2007;8(3):157\u201373.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.08.081","volume":"94","author":"M Zirwas","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zirwas M, Fowler JF Jr., Tsianakas A, Devani AR, Halden P, Lai Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib cream for the treatment of moderate to severe chronic hand eczema: Results from a 16-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2026;94(1):32\u201340.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"10451","key":"1275_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01027-4","volume":"404","author":"R Bissonnette","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bissonnette R, Warren RB, Pinter A, Agner T, Gooderham M, Schuttelaar MLA, et al. Efficacy and safety of delgocitinib cream in adults with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema (DELTA 1 and DELTA 2): results from multicentre, randomised, controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trials. Lancet. 2024;404(10451):461\u201373.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"1275_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12701","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12701","volume":"31","author":"AM Goldminz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goldminz AM, Scheinman PL. A case series of dupilumab-treated allergic contact dermatitis patients. Dermatol Ther. 2018;31(6):e12701.","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.020","volume":"81","author":"M Stout","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stout M, Silverberg JI. Variable impact of dupilumab on patch testing results and allergic contact dermatitis in adults with atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;81(1):157\u201362.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1275_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Funch AB, Geisler C, Bonefeld CM. Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Immunopathology and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. J Clin Med. 2025;14(20).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14207175"},{"issue":"7","key":"1275_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13397","volume":"73","author":"T Zuberbier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zuberbier T, Aberer W, Asero R, Abdul Latiff AH, Baker D, Ballmer-Weber B, et al. The EAACI\/GA\u00b2LEN\/EDF\/WAO guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis and management of urticaria. Allergy. 2018;73(7):1393\u2013414.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"3","key":"1275_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15090","volume":"77","author":"T Zuberbier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zuberbier T, Abdul Latiff AH, Abuzakouk M, Aquilina S, Asero R, Baker D, et al. The international EAACI\/GA\u00b2LEN\/EuroGuiDerm\/APAAACI guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria. Allergy. 2022;77(3):734\u201366.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"6","key":"1275_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.04.010","volume":"149","author":"P Kolkhir","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kolkhir P, Mu\u00f1oz M, Asero R, Ferrer M, Kocat\u00fcrk E, Metz M, et al. Autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;149(6):1819\u201331.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2024.05.020","volume":"133","author":"TK Min","year":"2024","unstructured":"Min TK, Saini SS. The future of targeted therapy in chronic spontaneous urticaria. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2024;133(4):367\u201373.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"1275_CR121","unstructured":"Zuberbier T, Abdul Hameed Ansari Z, Abdul Latiff AH, Abuzakouk MM, Agcaoili-De Jesus MS, Agondi RC et al. The International Guideline for the Definition, Classification, Diagnosis and Management of Urticaria. Allergy. 2026."},{"issue":"10","key":"1275_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215372","volume":"368","author":"M Maurer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maurer M, Ros\u00e9n K, Hsieh HJ, Saini S, Grattan C, Gimen\u00e9z-Arnau A, et al. Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic idiopathic or spontaneous urticaria. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(10):924\u201335.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1275_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.01.022","volume":"11","author":"R Br\u00e1s","year":"2023","unstructured":"Br\u00e1s R, Costa C, Lim\u00e3o R, Caldeira LE, Paulino M, Pedro E. Omalizumab in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU): Real-Life Experience in Dose\/Interval Adjustments and Treatment Discontinuation. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2023;11(8):2392\u2013402.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"1275_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2024.2056","volume":"160","author":"R Soegiharto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Soegiharto R, Alizadeh Aghdam M, S\u00f8rensen JA, van Lindonk E, Bulut Demir F, Porras NM, et al. Multinational Drug Survival Study of Omalizumab in Patients With Chronic Urticaria and Potential Predictors for Discontinuation. JAMA Dermatol. 2024;160(9):927\u201335.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1275_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.70067","volume":"55","author":"R Soegiharto","year":"2025","unstructured":"Soegiharto R, Van der Wind E, Alizadeh Aghdam M, S\u00f8rensen JA, Van Lindonk E, Bulut Demir F, et al. Spectrum and Impact of Reported Side Effects of Omalizumab in Patients With Chronic Urticaria: A Long-Term Multicentre Real-World Study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2025;55(6):481\u201392.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-025-02170-4","volume":"85","author":"P Kolkhir","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kolkhir P, Fok JS, Kocat\u00fcrk E, Li PH, Okas TL, Marcelino J, et al. Update on the Treatment of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Drugs. 2025;85(4):475\u201386.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"9","key":"1275_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.07.021","volume":"13","author":"E Kocat\u00fcrk","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kocat\u00fcrk E, Chu DK, T\u00fcrk M, R\u00f6ckmann H, Van Doorn M, Nochaiwong S, et al. Management of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Made Practical: What Every Clinician Should Know. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2025;13(9):2252\u201369.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"1275_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chhiba KD, Saini SS. Emerging IgE and non-IgE targeted therapies for chronic urticaria. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2025.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.008"},{"issue":"6","key":"1275_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.01.045","volume":"155","author":"J McLaren","year":"2025","unstructured":"McLaren J, Chon Y, Gorski KS, Bernstein JA, Corren J, Hayama K, et al. Tezepelumab for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria: Results of the phase 2b INCEPTION study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2025;155(6):1945\u201356.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004","volume":"156","author":"AWL Chu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chu AWL, Oykhman P, Chu X, Rayner DG, Bhangal S, Dam A, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of biologics and systemic immunomodulatory treatments for chronic urticaria: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2025;156(4):1008\u201323.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"}],"container-title":["Current Allergy and Asthma Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11882-026-01275-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11882-026-01275-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11882-026-01275-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T08:03:58Z","timestamp":1777363438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11882-026-01275-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"references-count":130,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11882-026-01275-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1534-6315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1534-6315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}},{"value":"K.B. was an investigator for Sanofi, DBV, Incyte, and Siolta Therapeutics. She is an advisor for O\u2019Glac\u00e9e cosmetics.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"IRB Approval"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights"}}],"article-number":"31"}}