{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T20:39:35Z","timestamp":1760819975869},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,26]],"date-time":"2007-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1182816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Atheroscler Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-007-0040-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,25]],"date-time":"2007-06-25T11:20:47Z","timestamp":1182770447000},"page":"326-332","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Diagnosis and management of vascular cognitive impairment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"David L.","family":"Nyenhuis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip B.","family":"Gorelick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"40_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.2.415","volume":"29","author":"J. Broderick","year":"1998","unstructured":"Broderick J, Brott T, Kothari R, et al.: The Greater Cincinnati\/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study: preliminary first-ever and total incidence rates of stroke among blacks. Stroke 1998, 29:415\u2013421.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"40_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2001.00332.x","volume":"8","author":"S. Madureira","year":"2001","unstructured":"Madureira S, Guerreiro M, Ferro JM: Dementia and cognitive impairment three months after stroke. Eur J Neurol 2001, 8:621\u2013627.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"40_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000017878.85274.44","volume":"33","author":"K. Rockwood","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rockwood K, Brown M, Merry H, et al.: Societal costs of vascular cognitive impairment in older adults. Stroke 2002, 33:1605\u20131609.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"40_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104123441501","volume":"344","author":"C. Wolfson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wolfson C, Wolfson DB, Asgharian M, et al.: Clinical Progression of Dementia Study Group. A reevaluation of the duration of survival after the onset of dementia. N Engl J Med 2001, 344:1111\u20131116.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"40_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04752.x","volume":"48","author":"A. Carlo Di","year":"2000","unstructured":"Di Carlo A, Baldereschi M, Amaducci L, et al.: Cognitive impairment without dementia in older people: prevalence, vascular risk factors, impact on disability. The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000, 48:775\u2013782.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"40_CR6","first-page":"130","volume":"5","author":"V. Hachinski","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hachinski V: Vascular dementia: a radical redefinition. Dementia 1994, 5:130\u2013132.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"40_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2952","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.12.2952","volume":"31","author":"T. Pohjasvaara","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pohjasvaara T, Mantyla R, Ylikoski R, et al.: Comparison of different clinical criteria (DSM-III, ADDTC, ICD-10, NINDS-AIREN, DSM-IV) for the diagnosis of vascular dementia. Stroke 2000, 31:2952\u20132957.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"40_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000195177.61184.49","volume":"37","author":"G.G. Leblanc","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leblanc GG, Meschia JF, Stuss DT, Hachinski V: Genetics of vascular cognitive impairment: the opportunity and the challenges. Stroke 2006, 37:248\u2013255.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"40_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000231780.44684.7e","volume":"14","author":"J.T. O\u2019Brien","year":"2006","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien JT: Vascular cognitive impairment: J Geriatr Psychiatry 2006, 14:724\u2013733.","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"40_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.2.250","volume":"43","author":"G.C. Roman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Roman GC, Tatemichi TK, Erkinjuntti T, et al.: Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop. Neurology 1993, 43:250\u2013260.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"40_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.1.82","volume":"159","author":"G. Gold","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gold G, Bouras C, Canuto A, et al.: Clinicopathological validation study of four sets of clinical criteria for vascular dementia. Am J Psychiatry 2002, 159:82\u201387.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"40_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.3.473","volume":"42","author":"H.C. Chui","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chui HC, Victoroff JI, Margolin D, et al.: Criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia proposed by the State of California Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers. Neurology 1992, 42:473\u2013480.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"40_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.10.2094","volume":"20","author":"L. Zhu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zhu L, Fratiglioni L, Guo Z, et al.: Association of stroke with dementia, cognitive impairment, and functional disability in the very old: a population-based study. Stroke 1998, 20:2094\u20132099.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"40_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195123425.001.0001","volume-title":"Mild Cognitive Impairment","author":"R.C. Petersen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Petersen RC: Conceptual overview. In Mild Cognitive Impairment. Edited by Petersen, RC. New York: Oxford University Press; 2003:1\u201314."},{"key":"40_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50367.x","volume":"50","author":"D. Zekry","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zekry D, Hauw JJ, Gold G: Mixed dementia: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000, 50:1431\u20131438.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"40_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.4.569","volume":"60","author":"D.S. Knopman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Knopman DS, Parisi JE, Boeve BF, et al.: Vascular dementia in a population-based autopsy study. Arch Neurol 2003, 60:569\u2013575.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"40_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.02.006","volume":"28","author":"J.P. Bacchetta","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bacchetta JP, Kovari E, Merlo M, et al.: Validation of clinical criteria for possible vascular dementia in the oldest-old. Neurobiol Aging 2007, 28:579\u2013585.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"40_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1996.0045","volume":"31","author":"S.E. McPherson","year":"1996","unstructured":"McPherson SE, Cummings JL: Neuropsychological aspects of vascular dementia. Brain Cogn 1996, 31:269\u2013282.","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"40_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/13854040490507145","volume":"18","author":"D.L. Nyenhuis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nyenhuis DL, Gorelick PB, Geenen EJ, et al.: The pattern of neuropsychological deficits in Vascular Cognitive Impairment-No Dementia (Vascular CIND). Clin Neuropsychol 2004, 18:41\u201349.","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"40_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000237236.88823.47","volume":"37","author":"V. Hachinski","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hachinski V, Iadecola C, Petersen RC, et al.: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Canadian Stroke Network vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards. Stroke 2006, 37:2220\u20132241.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"40_CR21","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Vascular Cognitive Impairment: Preventable Dementia","author":"P.B. Gorelick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gorelick PB: Prevention. In Vascular Cognitive Impairment: Preventable Dementia. Edited by Bowler JV, Hachinksi V: New York: Oxford University Press; 2003:309\u2013320."},{"key":"40_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.31.3.780","volume":"31","author":"L. Kilander","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kilander L, Nyman H, Boberg M, et al.: Hypertension is related to cognitive impairment: a 20-year follow-up of 999 men. Hypertension 1998, 31:780\u2013786.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"40_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.4.986","volume":"51","author":"G.E. Swan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Swan GE, DeCarli C, Miller BL, et al.: Association of midlife blood pressure to late-life cognitive decline and brain morphology. Neurology 1998, 51:986\u2013993.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"40_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(00)00096-8","volume":"21","author":"L.J. Launer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Launer LJ, Ross GW, Petrovitch H, et al.: Midlife blood pressure and dementia: the Honolulu-Asia aging study. Neurobiol Aging 2000, 21:49\u201355.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"40_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)03086-4","volume":"352","author":"F. Forette","year":"1998","unstructured":"Forette F, Seux ML, Staessen JA, et al.: Prevention of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial. Lancet 1998, 352:1347\u20131351.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"40_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.11.020","volume":"229\u2013230","author":"V. Feigin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Feigin V, Ratnasabapathy Y, Anderson C: Does blood pressure lowering treatment prevents dementia or cognitive decline in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease? J Neurol Sci 2005, 229\u2013230:151\u2013155.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"40_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.5.1124","volume":"54","author":"D.W. Desmond","year":"2000","unstructured":"Desmond DW, Moroney JT, Paik MC, et al.: Frequency and clinical determinants of dementia after ischemic stroke. Neurology 2000, 54:1124\u20131131.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"40_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009293","volume":"146","author":"C. Dufouil","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dufouil C, Ducimetiere P, Alperovitch A: Sex differences in the association between alcohol consumption and cognitive performance. EVA Study Group. Epidemiology of Vascular Aging. Am J Epidemiol 1997, 146:405\u2013412.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"40_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.2.316","volume":"28","author":"A. Ott","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ott A, Breteler MM, de Bruyne MC, et al.: Atrial fibrillation and dementia in a population-based study. The Rotterdam Study. Stroke 1997, 28:316\u2013321.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"40_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200320120-00004","volume":"20","author":"M.R. Nelson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nelson MR, Reid CM, Beilin LJ, et al.: Rationale for a trial of low-dose aspirin for the primary prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events and vascular dementia in the elderly. Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly [ASPREE]. Drugs Aging 2003, 20:897\u2013903.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"40_CR31","unstructured":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: Report of the Stroke Progress Review Group. Available at http:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/find_people\/groups\/stroke_prg\/09_2006_stroke_prg_report.htm . Accessed April 3, 2007."},{"key":"40_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000158916.59742.7c","volume":"36","author":"P.B. Gorelick","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gorelick PB: William M. Feinberg Lecture. Cognitive vitality and the role of stroke and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Stroke 2005, 36:875\u2013878.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"40_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000091396.95360.E1","volume":"34","author":"S. Black","year":"2003","unstructured":"Black S, Roman GC, Geldmacher DS, et al.: Efficacy and tolerability of donepezil in vascular dementia: positive results of a 24-week, multicenter, international, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Stroke 2003, 34:2323\u20132230.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"40_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000078943.50032.FC","volume":"61","author":"D. Wilkinson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wilkinson D, Doody R, Helme R, et al.: Donepezil in vascular dementia: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Neurology 2003, 61:479\u2013486.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"40_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1159\/000088494","volume":"20","author":"G.C. Roman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Roman GC, Wilkinson DG, Doody RS, et al.: Donepezil in vascular dementia: combined analysis of two large-scale clinical trials. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2005, 20:338\u2013344.","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"40_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08267-3","volume":"359","author":"T. Erkinjuntti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Erkinjuntti T, Kurz A, Gauthier S: Efficacy of galantamine in probable vascular dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease combined with cerebrovascular disease: a randomised trial. Lancet 2002, 359:1283\u20131290.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"40_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2001.00224.x","volume":"8","author":"R. Moretti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moretti R, Torre P, Antonello RM, Cazzato G: Rivastigmine in subcortical vascular dementia: a comparison trial on efficacy and tolerability for 12 months follow-up. Eur J Neurol 2001, 8:361\u2013362.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"40_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200623030-00006","volume":"23","author":"S.G. Potkin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Potkin SG, Alva G, Gunay I, et al.: A pilot study evaluating the efficacy and safety of rivastigmine in patients with mixed dementia. Drugs Aging 2006, 23:241\u2013249.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"40_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200211000-00005","volume":"17","author":"G. Wilcock","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wilcock G, Mobius HJ, Stoffler A; MMM 500 group: A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study of memantine in mild to moderate vascular dementia (MMM500). Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2002, 17:297\u2013305.","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"40_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000020094.08790.49","volume":"33","author":"J.M. Orgogozo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Orgogozo JM, Rigaud AS, Stoffler A, et al.: Efficacy and safety of memantine in patients with mild to moderate vascular dementia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (MMM 300). Stroke 2002, 33:1834\u20131839.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"40_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.5.596","volume":"293","author":"K.M. Sink","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sink KM, Holden KF, Yaffe K: Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. A review of the evidence. JAMA 2005, 293:596\u2013608.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"40_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20009","volume":"55","author":"W.E. Klunk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Klunk WE, Engler H, Nordberg A, et al.: Imaging brain amyloid in Alzheimer\u2019s disease with Pittsburgh Compound-B. Ann Neurol 2004, 55:306\u2013319.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"40_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540070034011","volume":"50","author":"P.B. Gorelick","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gorelick PB, Brody J, Cohen D, et al.: Risk factors for dementia associated with multiple cerebral infarcts. A case-control analysis in predominantly African-American hospital-based patients. Arch Neurol 1993, 50:714\u2013720.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"40_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009028","volume":"145","author":"R.P. Stolk","year":"1997","unstructured":"Stolk RP, Pols HA, Lamberts SW, et al.: Diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance, and hyperinsulinemia in an elderly population. The Rotterdam Study. Am J Epidemiol 1997, 145:24\u201332.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"40_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.3.254","volume":"282","author":"J.T. Moroney","year":"1999","unstructured":"Moroney JT, Tang MX, Berglund L, et al.: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of dementia with stroke. JAMA 1999, 282:254\u2013260.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"40_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.2.459","volume":"28","author":"P.B. Gorelick","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gorelick PB: Status of risk factors for dementia associated with stroke. Stroke 1997, 28:459\u2013463.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"40_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.8.983","volume":"22","author":"P.A. Wolf","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB: Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke 1991, 22:983\u2013988.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"40_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.1.220","volume":"25","author":"P.B. Gorelick","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gorelick PB: Stroke prevention. An opportunity for efficient utilization of health care resources during the coming decade. Stroke 1994, 25:220\u2013224.","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["Current Atherosclerosis Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11883-007-0040-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11883-007-0040-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11883-007-0040-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T09:25:39Z","timestamp":1707989139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11883-007-0040-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,26]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]}},"alternative-id":["40"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11883-007-0040-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3804","1534-6242"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3804","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6242","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,26]]}}}