{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:12:56Z","timestamp":1792098776099,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Atheroscler Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-009-0080-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,4]],"date-time":"2010-01-04T11:20:01Z","timestamp":1262604001000},"page":"73-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Future Therapeutic Directions in Reverse Cholesterol Transport"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Amit V.","family":"Khera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Rader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"80_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)92376-4","volume":"1","author":"GJ Miller","year":"1975","unstructured":"Miller GJ, Miller NE: Plasma-high-density-lipoprotein concentration and development of ischaemic heart-disease. Lancet 1975, 1:16\u201319.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"80_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.79.1.8","volume":"79","author":"DJ Gordon","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gordon DJ: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies. Circulation 1989, 79:8\u201315.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"80_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.7.786","volume":"298","author":"IM Singh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Singh IM, Shishehbor MH, Ansell BJ: High-density lipoprotein as a therapeutic target: a systematic review. JAMA 2007, 298:786\u2013798.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"80_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b92","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b92","volume":"338","author":"M Briel","year":"2009","unstructured":"\u2022 Briel M, Ferreira-Gonzalez I, You JJ, et al.: Association between change in high density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. BMJ 2009, 338:b92. This provocative meta-analysis suggested that increased HDL-C levels explain minimal variability with regard to clinical outcomes, reinforcing the need to move beyond simple measures of HDL-C quantity as surrogates of clinical efficacy.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"80_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01898.x","volume":"263","author":"AR Tall","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tall AR: Cholesterol efflux pathways and other potential mechanisms involved in the athero-protective effect of high density lipoproteins. J Intern Med 2008, 263:256\u2013273.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"80_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)43114-1","volume":"9","author":"JA Glomset","year":"1968","unstructured":"Glomset JA: The plasma lecithins:cholesterol acyltransferase reaction. J Lipid Res 1968, 9:155\u2013167.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"80_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200114342","volume":"108","author":"AR Tall","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tall AR, Wang N, Mucksavage P: Is it time to modify the reverse cholesterol transport model? J Clin Invest 2001, 108:1273\u20131275.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"80_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.475715","volume":"113","author":"M Cuchel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cuchel M, Rader DJ: Macrophage reverse cholesterol transport: key to the regression of atherosclerosis? Circulation 2006, 113:2548\u20132555.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"80_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S189","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R800088-JLR200","volume":"50","author":"DJ Rader","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rader DJ, Alexander ET, Weibel GL, et al.: The role of reverse cholesterol transport in animals and humans and relationship to atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res 2009, 50:S189\u2013S194.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"80_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.14.7.1056","volume":"14","author":"M Llera Moya de la","year":"1994","unstructured":"de la Llera Moya M, Atger V, Paul JL, et al.: A cell culture system for screening human serum for ability to promote cellular cholesterol efflux. Relations between serum components and efflux, esterification, and transfer. Arterioscler Thromb 1994, 14:1056\u20131065.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb"},{"key":"80_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12097","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200367697","volume":"97","author":"A Venkateswaran","year":"2000","unstructured":"Venkateswaran A, Laffitte BA, Joseph SB, et al.: Control of cellular cholesterol efflux by the nuclear oxysterol receptor LXR alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000, 97:12097\u201312102.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"80_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.008","volume":"53","author":"S Patel","year":"2009","unstructured":"\u2022 Patel S, Drew BG, Nakhla S, et al.: Reconstituted high-density lipoprotein increases plasma high-density lipoprotein anti-inflammatory properties and cholesterol efflux capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009, 53:962\u2013971. This is a recent study that applied an HDL panel to study multiple aspects of HDL functionality before and after a therapeutic intervention.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"80_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000086981.09834.E0","volume":"108","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zanotti I, Reilly MP, et al.: Overexpression of apolipoprotein A-I promotes reverse transport of cholesterol from macrophages to feces in vivo. Circulation 2003, 108:661\u2013663.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"80_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.3.721","volume":"20","author":"KF Kozarsky","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kozarsky KF, Donahee MH, Glick JM, et al.: Gene transfer and hepatic overexpression of the HDL receptor SR-BI reduces atherosclerosis in the cholesterol-fed LDL receptor-deficient mouse. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000, 20:721\u2013727.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"80_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.4.2366","volume":"274","author":"T Arai","year":"1999","unstructured":"Arai T, Wang N, Bezouevski M, et al.: Decreased atherosclerosis in heterozygous low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice expressing the scavenger receptor BI transgene. J Biol Chem 1999, 274:2366\u20132371.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"80_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25327","volume":"115","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Da Silva JR, Reilly M, et al.: Hepatic expression of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is a positive regulator of macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in vivo. J Clin Invest 2005, 115:2870\u20132874.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"80_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)41640-2","volume":"32","author":"F Czubayko","year":"1991","unstructured":"Czubayko F, Beumers B, Lammsfuss S, et al.: A simplified micro-method for quantification of fecal excretion of neutral and acidic sterols for outpatient studies in humans. J Lipid Res 1991, 32:1861\u20131867.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"80_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.6.594","volume":"100","author":"M Eriksson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Eriksson M, Carlson LA, Miettinen TA, et al.: Stimulation of fecal steroid excretion after infusion of recombinant proapolipoprotein A-I. Potential reverse cholesterol transport in humans. Circulation 1999, 100:594\u2013598.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"80_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.03.016","volume":"51","author":"EM Goma de","year":"2008","unstructured":"\u2022 deGoma EM, deGoma RL, Rader DJ: Beyond high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels evaluating high-density lipoprotein function as influenced by novel therapeutic approaches. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008, 51:2199\u20132211. This review outlines current thinking on HDL functionality, particularly with regard to measurement of HDL\u2019s pleiotropic beneficial effects.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"80_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI32057","volume":"117","author":"X Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang X, Collins HL, Ranalletta M, et al.: Macrophage ABCA1 and ABCG1, but not SR-BI, promote macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in vivo. J Clin Invest 2007, 117:2216\u20132224.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"80_CR21","first-page":"3900","volume":"117","author":"L Yvan-Charvet","year":"2007","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Yvan-Charvet L, Ranalletta M, Wang N, et al.: Combined deficiency of ABCA1 and ABCG1 promotes foam cell accumulation and accelerates atherosclerosis in mice. J Clin Invest 2007, 117:3900\u20133908. This study in mice provided compelling evidence that ABCA1 and ABCG1 activity decreases atherosclerosis via enhanced cellular cholesterol efflux.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"80_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.156935","volume":"28","author":"R Out","year":"2008","unstructured":"Out R, Hoekstra M, Habets K, et al.: Combined deletion of macrophage ABCA1 and ABCG1 leads to massive lipid accumulation in tissue macrophages and distinct atherosclerosis at relatively low plasma cholesterol levels. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008, 28:258\u2013264.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"80_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/11921","volume":"22","author":"S Rust","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rust S, Rosier M, Funke H, et al.: Tangier disease is caused by mutations in the gene encoding ATP-binding cassette transporter 1. Nat Genet 1999, 22:352\u2013355.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"80_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/11914","volume":"22","author":"M Bodzioch","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bodzioch M, Ors\u00f3 E, Klucken J, et al.: The gene encoding ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 is mutated in Tangier disease. Nat Genet 1999, 22:347\u2013351.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"80_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/11905","volume":"22","author":"A Brooks-Wilson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brooks-Wilson A, Marcil M, Clee SM, et al.: Mutations in ABC1 in Tangier disease and familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency. Nat Genet 1999, 22:336\u2013345.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"80_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07277-X","volume":"359","author":"MJ Dam van","year":"2002","unstructured":"van Dam MJ, de Groot E, Clee SM, et al.: Association between increased arterial-wall thickness and impairment in ABCA1-driven cholesterol efflux: an observational study. Lancet 2002, 359:37\u201342.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"80_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5484.1524","volume":"289","author":"JJ Repa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Repa JJ, Turley SD, Lobaccaro JA, et al.: Regulation of absorption and ABC1-mediated efflux of cholesterol by RXR heterodimers. Science 2000, 289:1524\u20131529.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"80_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.560177","volume":"113","author":"SU Naik","year":"2006","unstructured":"Naik SU, Wang X, Da Silva JS,et al.: Pharmacological activation of liver X receptors promotes reverse cholesterol transport in vivo. Circulation 2006,113:90\u201397.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"80_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)03578-0","volume":"536","author":"N Terasaka","year":"2003","unstructured":"Terasaka N, Hiroshima A, Koieyama T, et al.: T-0901317, a synthetic liver X receptor ligand, inhibits development of atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice. FEBS Lett 2003, 536:6\u201311.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"80_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7604","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.112059299","volume":"99","author":"SB Joseph","year":"2002","unstructured":"Joseph SB, McKilligin E, Pei L, et al.: Synthetic LXR ligand inhibits the development of atherosclerosis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002, 99:7604\u20137609.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"80_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R400010-JLR200","volume":"45","author":"AC Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"Li AC, Glass CK: PPAR- and LXR-dependent pathways controlling lipid metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res 2004, 45:2161\u20132173.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"80_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M500116-JLR200","volume":"46","author":"PH Groot","year":"2005","unstructured":"Groot PH, Pearce NJ, Yates JW, et al.: Synthetic LXR agonists increase LDL in CETP species. J Lipid Res 2005, 46:2182\u20132191.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"80_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000150044.84012.68","volume":"25","author":"N Levin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Levin N, Bischoff ED, Daige CL, et al.: Macrophage liver X receptor is required for antiatherogenic activity of LXR agonists. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005, 25:135\u2013142.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"80_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.175257","volume":"28","author":"D Teupser","year":"2008","unstructured":"Teupser D, Kretzschmar D, Tennert C, et al.: Effect of macrophage overexpression of murine liver X receptor-alpha (LXR-alpha) on atherosclerosis in LDL-receptor deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008, 28:2009\u20132015.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"80_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4255","DOI":"10.1021\/jm070453f","volume":"50","author":"V Molteni","year":"2007","unstructured":"Molteni V, Li X, Nabakka J, et al.: N-Acylthiadiazolines, a new class of liver X receptor agonists with selectivity for LXRbeta. J Med Chem 2007, 50:4255\u20134259.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"80_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270009335768","volume":"49","author":"A Katz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Katz A, Udata C, Ott E, et al.: Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single doses of LXR-623, a novel liver X-receptor agonist, in healthy participants. J Clin Pharmacol 2009, 49:643\u2013649.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"80_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.17.1816","volume":"100","author":"RK Tangirala","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tangirala RK, Tsukamoto K, Chun SH, et al.: Regression of atherosclerosis induced by liver-directed gene transfer of apolipoprotein A-I in mice. Circulation 1999, 100:1816\u20131822.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"80_CR38","unstructured":"ClincialTrials.gov: A Safety, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Assessment of 28-Dy Oral Dosing of rvX000222 in Healthy subjects and subjects with Low High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Available at http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT00768274 . Accessed October 8, 2009."},{"key":"80_CR39","unstructured":"Gordon A, Jahagirdar R, Johannson J, et al.: RVX-208 a Small Molecule That Induces Apolipoprotein A-I Production Progresses to Phase Ib\/IIa Clinical Trials. Presented at the American College of Cardiology Scientific Sessions. Orlando, FL; March 28\u201330, 2009."},{"key":"80_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2009.94","volume":"6","author":"D Duffy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Duffy D, Rader DJ: Update on strategies to increase HDL quantity and function. Nat Rev Cardiol 2009, 6:455\u2013463.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"80_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.171223","volume":"29","author":"JS Millar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Millar JS, Duffy D, Gadi R, et al: Potent and selective PPAR-alpha agonist LY518674 upregulates both ApoA-I production and catabolism in human subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009, 29:140\u2013146.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"key":"80_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.12.1362","volume":"297","author":"SE Nissen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ, Wolski K, et al.: Effects of a potent and selective PPAR-alpha agonist in patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia or hypercholesterolemia: two randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2007, 297:1362\u20131373.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"80_CR43","unstructured":"Junichiro T, Tanigawa H, Snehal N, et al.: PPAR\u03b1 agonism promotes reverse cholesterol transport in a macrophage PPAR \u03b1 and Liver X Receptor dependent manner. Presented at American Heart Association Scientific Sessions. Orlando, FL; November 15\u201318, 2009."},{"key":"80_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114558","volume":"85","author":"JJ Badimon","year":"1990","unstructured":"Badimon JJ, Badimon L, Fuster V: Regression of atherosclerotic lesions by high density lipoprotein plasma fraction in the cholesterol-fed rabbit. J Clin Invest 1990, 85:1234\u20131241.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"80_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.15.11.1882","volume":"15","author":"A Miyazaki","year":"1995","unstructured":"Miyazaki A, Sakuma S, Morikawa W, et al.: Intravenous injection of rabbit apolipoprotein A-I inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995, 15:1882\u20131888.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"80_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)32212-4","volume":"42","author":"MN Nanjee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nanjee MN, Cooke CJ, Garvin R, et al.: Intravenous apoA-I\/lecithin discs increase pre-beta-HDL concentration in tissue fluid and stimulate reverse cholesterol transport in humans. J Lipid Res 2001, 42:1586\u20131593.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"80_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.15.jpc70004","volume":"297","author":"JC Tardif","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tardif JC, Gr\u00e9goire J, L\u2019Allier PL, et al.: Effects of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein infusions on coronary atherosclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2007, 297:1675\u20131682.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"80_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200304000-00007","volume":"14","author":"G Chiesa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chiesa G, Sirtori CR: Apolipoprotein A-I(Milano): current perspectives. Curr Opin Lipidol 2003, 14:159\u2013163.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"80_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.191379","volume":"29","author":"ET Alexander","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alexander ET, Weibel GL, Joshi MR, et al.: Macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in mice expressing ApoA-I Milano. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009, 29:1496\u20131501.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"80_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.17.2292","volume":"290","author":"SE Nissen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nissen SE, Tsunoda T, Tuzcu EM, et al.: Effect of recombinant ApoA-I Milano on coronary atherosclerosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003, 290:2292\u20132300.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"80_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-009-0008-8","volume":"11","author":"BJ Lenten Van","year":"2009","unstructured":"Van Lenten BJ, Wagner AC, Anantharamaiah GM, et al.: Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2009, 11:52\u201357.","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"80_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000134275.90823.87","volume":"109","author":"M Navab","year":"2004","unstructured":"Navab M, Anantharamaiah GM, Reddy ST, et al.: Oral D-4F causes formation of pre-beta high-density lipoprotein and improves high-density lipoprotein-mediated cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport from macrophages in apolipoprotein E-null mice. Circulation 2004, 109:3215\u20133220.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"80_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0302.103711","volume":"105","author":"M Navab","year":"2002","unstructured":"Navab M, Anantharamaiah GM, Hama S, et al.: Oral administration of an Apo A-I mimetic Peptide synthesized from D-amino acids dramatically reduces atherosclerosis in mice independent of plasma cholesterol. Circulation 2002, 105:290\u2013292.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"80_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P800003-JLR200","volume":"49","author":"LT Bloedon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bloedon LT, Dunbar R, Duffy D, et al.: Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of oral apoA-I mimetic peptide D-4F in high-risk cardiovascular patients. J Lipid Res 2008, 49:1344\u20131352.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"80_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/342448a0","volume":"342","author":"ML Brown","year":"1989","unstructured":"Brown ML, Inazu A, Hesler CB, et al.: Molecular basis of lipid transfer protein deficiency in a family with increased high-density lipoproteins. Nature 1989, 342:448\u2013451.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"80_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27602","volume":"116","author":"F Matsuura","year":"2006","unstructured":"Matsuura F, Wang N, Chen W, et al.: HDL from CETP-deficient subjects shows enhanced ability to promote cholesterol efflux from macrophages in an apoE- and ABCG1-dependent pathway. J Clin Invest 2006, 116:1435\u20131442.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"80_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.106.138347","volume":"27","author":"L Yvan-Charvet","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yvan-Charvet L, Matsuura F, Wang N, et al.: Inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein by torcetrapib modestly increases macrophage cholesterol efflux to HDL. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007, 27:1132\u20131138.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"80_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M300511-JLR200","volume":"45","author":"CC Schwartz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schwartz CC, VandenBroek JM, Cooper PS.: Lipoprotein cholesteryl ester production, transfer, and output in vivo in humans. J Lipid Res 2004, 45:1594\u20131607.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"80_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.704254","volume":"116","author":"H Tanigawa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tanigawa H, Billheimer JT, Tohyama J, et al.: Expression of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in mice promotes macrophage reverse cholesterol transport. Circulation 2007, 116:1267\u20131273.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"80_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000256728.60226.77","volume":"27","author":"AR Tall","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tall AR, Yvan-Charvet L, Wang N: The failure of torcetrapib: was it the molecule or the mechanism? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007, 27:257\u2013260.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"80_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000161928.16334.dd","volume":"25","author":"ME Brousseau","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brousseau ME, Diffenderfer MR, Millar JS, et al.: Effects of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition on high-density lipoprotein subspecies, apolipoprotein A-I metabolism, and fecal sterol excretion. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005, 25:1057\u20131064.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"80_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706628","volume":"357","author":"PJ Barter","year":"2007","unstructured":"\u2022 Barter PJ, Caulfield M, Eriksson M, et al.: Effects of torcetrapib in patients at high risk for coronary events. N Engl J Med 2007, 357:2109\u20132122. This is a large phase 3 clinical trial that noted a substantial increase in coronary events among those treated with a CETP inhibitor despite substantially increased HDL levels.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"80_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61813-3","volume":"370","author":"R Krishna","year":"2007","unstructured":"Krishna R, Anderson MS, Bergman AJ, et al.: Effect of the cholesteryl estertransfer protein inhibitor, anacetrapib, on lipoproteins in patients with dyslipidaemia and on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in healthy individuals: two double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled phase I studies. Lancet 2007, 370:1907\u20131914.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"80_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.02.061","volume":"104","author":"EA Stein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stein EA, Stroes ES, Steiner G, et al.: Safety and tolerability of dalcetrapib. Am J Cardiol 2009, 104:82\u201391.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"80_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/7766","volume":"21","author":"M Jaye","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jaye M, Lynch KJ, Krawiec J, et al.: A novel endothelial-derived lipase that modulates HDL metabolism. Nat Genet 1999, 21:424\u2013428.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"80_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000092889.24713.DC","volume":"108","author":"C Maugeais","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maugeais C, Tietge UJ, Broedl UC, et al.: Dose-dependent acceleration of high-density lipoprotein catabolism by endothelial lipase. Circulation 2003, 108:2121\u20132126.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"80_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI16146","volume":"111","author":"W Jin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jin W, Millar JS, Broedl U, et al.: Inhibition of endothelial lipase causes increased HDL cholesterol levels in vivo. J Clin Invest 2003, 111:357\u2013362.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"80_CR68","first-page":"1042","volume":"119","author":"AC Edmondson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Edmondson AC, Brown RJ, Kathiresan S, et al.: Loss-of-function variants in endothelial lipase are a cause of elevated HDL cholesterol in humans. J Clin Invest 2009, 119:1042\u20131050.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"80_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.75","volume":"40","author":"S Kathiresan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kathiresan S, Melander O, Guiducci C, et al.: Six new loci associated with blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides in humans. Nat Genet 2008, 40:189\u2013197.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"80_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030022","volume":"3","author":"KO Badellino","year":"2006","unstructured":"Badellino KO, Wolfe ML, Reilly MP, et al.: Endothelial lipase concentrations are increased in metabolic syndrome and associated with coronary atherosclerosis. PLoS Med 2006, 3:e22.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"80_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2008.11.033","volume":"19","author":"KB Goodman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goodman KB, Bury MJ, Cheung M, et al.: Discovery of potent, selective sulfonylfuran urea endothelial lipase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009, 19:27\u201330.","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"80_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16237","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.252582399","volume":"99","author":"L Yu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yu L, Hammer RE, Li-Hawkins J, et al.: Disruption of Abcg5 and Abcg8 in mice reveals their crucial role in biliary cholesterol secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002, 99:16237\u201316242.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"80_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0216001","volume":"110","author":"L Yu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yu L, Li-Hawkins J, Hammer RE, et al.: Overexpression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 promotes biliary cholesterol secretion and reduces fractional absorption of dietary cholesterol. J Clin Invest 2002, 110:671\u2013680.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"80_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5497.1771","volume":"290","author":"KE Berge","year":"2000","unstructured":"Berge KE, Tian H, Graf GA, et al.: Accumulation of dietary cholesterol in sitosterolemia caused by mutations in adjacent ABC transporters. Science 2000, 290:1771\u20131775.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"80_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.165803","volume":"28","author":"E Sehayek","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sehayek E, Hazen SL: Cholesterol absorption from the intestine is a major determinant of reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissue macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008, 28:1296\u20131297.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"80_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890310020635","volume":"36","author":"AK Groen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Groen AK, Oude Elferink RP, et al.: The ins and outs of reverse cholesterol transport. Ann Med 2004, 36:135\u2013145.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"80_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.810721","volume":"119","author":"FC McGillicuddy","year":"2009","unstructured":"McGillicuddy FC, de la Llera Moya M, Hinkle CC, et al.: Inflammation impairs reverse cholesterol transport in vivo. Circulation 2009, 119:1135\u20131145.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"80_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.02.084","volume":"54","author":"CJ Lavie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lavie CJ, Milani RV, Mehra MR, et al.: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009, 54:585\u2013594.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"80_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.187252","volume":"29","author":"T Nishimoto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nishimoto T, Pellizzon MA, Aihara M, et al.: Fish oil promotes macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009, 29:1502\u20131508.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"80_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03377.x","volume":"19","author":"T Kamisako","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kamisako T, Ogawa H: Effects of pravastatin and bezafibrate on biliary lipid excretion and hepatic expression of Abcg5 and Abcg8 in the rat. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004, 19:879\u2013883.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"80_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-003-0704-1","volume":"59","author":"N Roglans","year":"2004","unstructured":"Roglans N, V\u00e1zquez-Carrera M, Alegret M, et al.: Fibrates modify the expression of key factors involved in bile-acid synthesis and biliary-lipid secretion in gallstone patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2004, 59:855\u2013861.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"80_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-8062.2009.00098.x","volume":"2","author":"F Briand","year":"2009","unstructured":"Briand F, Naik SU, Fuki I, et al.: Both the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b4 agonist, GW0742, and ezetimibe promote reverse cholesterol transport in mice by reducing intestinal reabsorption of HDL-derived cholesterol. Clin Transl Sci 2009, 2:127\u2013133.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"key":"80_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000252790.70572.0c","volume":"27","author":"DL Sprecher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sprecher DL, Massien C, Pearce G, et al.: Triglyceride: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol effects in healthy subjects administered a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta agonist. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007, 27:359\u2013365.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"80_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19211","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.014860","volume":"284","author":"JN Veen van der","year":"2009","unstructured":"van der Veen JN, van Dijk TH, Vrins CL, et al.: Activation of the liver X receptor stimulates trans-intestinal excretion of plasma cholesterol. J Biol Chem 2009, 284:19211\u201319219.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"}],"container-title":["Current Atherosclerosis Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11883-009-0080-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11883-009-0080-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11883-009-0080-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T19:01:44Z","timestamp":1634670104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11883-009-0080-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["80"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11883-009-0080-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3804","1534-6242"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3804","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6242","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}}}