{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T18:07:01Z","timestamp":1791050821588,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,24]],"date-time":"2010-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1290556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Atheroscler Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-010-0150-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,23]],"date-time":"2010-11-23T06:18:23Z","timestamp":1290493103000},"page":"12-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["What Combination Therapy with a Statin, If Any, Would You Recommend?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Dujovne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig D.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew K.","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"150_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 285, 2486\u20132497 (2001).","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486"},{"key":"150_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1K","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.10.002","volume":"102","author":"JC Fruchart","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fruchart, J.C., et al. The Residual Risk Reduction Initiative: a call to action to reduce residual vascular risk in patients with dyslipidemia. Am J Cardiol 102, 1\u00a0K\u201334\u00a0K (2008).","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"150_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2010.04.001","volume":"4","author":"KJ Felix-Getzik EM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Felix-Getzik EM, K.J., Karas RH. Nonoptimal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levles are highly prevalent in patients presenting with actue coronary syndromes and well controlled low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. J Clin Lipid 4, 265\u2013271 (2010).","journal-title":"J Clin Lipid"},{"key":"150_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706628","volume":"357","author":"PJ Barter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barter, P.J., et al. Effects of torcetrapib in patients at high risk for coronary events. N Engl J Med 357, 2109\u20132122 (2007).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"150_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1001282","volume":"362","author":"HN Ginsberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"\u2022 Ginsberg, H.N., et al. Effects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 362, 1563\u20131574 (2010). This article is a comprehensive review on the subject.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"150_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Standards of medical care in diabetes\u20142010. Diabetes Care 33 Suppl 1, S11\u201361 (2010).","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-S011"},{"key":"150_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174516","volume":"113","author":"SC Smith Jr","year":"2006","unstructured":"Smith, S.C., Jr., et al. AHA\/ACC guidelines for secondary prevention for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update: endorsed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Circulation 113, 2363\u20132372 (2006).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"150_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.676890","volume":"116","author":"I Tabas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tabas, I., Williams, K.J. & Boren, J. Subendothelial lipoprotein retention as the initiating process in atherosclerosis: update and therapeutic implications. Circulation 116, 1832\u20131844 (2007).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"150_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.5551\/jat1994.1.71","volume":"1","author":"JL Witztum","year":"1994","unstructured":"Witztum, J.L. The role of oxidized LDL in the atherogenic process. J Atheroscler Thromb 1, 71\u201375 (1994).","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"key":"150_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000259589.34348.74","volume":"100","author":"JE Kanter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kanter, J.E., Johansson, F., LeBoeuf, R.C. & Bornfeldt, K.E. Do glucose and lipids exert independent effects on atherosclerotic lesion initiation or progression to advanced plaques? Circ Res 100, 769\u2013781 (2007).","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"150_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907569","volume":"361","author":"AJ Taylor","year":"2009","unstructured":"Taylor, A.J., et al. Extended-release niacin or ezetimibe and carotid intima-media thickness. N Engl J Med 361, 2113\u20132122 (2009).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"150_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(01)80102-8","volume":"23","author":"HE Bays","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bays, H.E., et al. Effectiveness and tolerability of ezetimibe in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia: pooled analysis of two phase II studies. Clin Ther 23, 1209\u20131230 (2001).","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"150_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.03.052","volume":"148","author":"E Stein","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stein, E., et al. Achieving lipoprotein goals in patients at high risk with severe hypercholesterolemia: efficacy and safety of ezetimibe co-administered with atorvastatin. Am Heart J 148, 447\u2013455 (2004).","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"150_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.11.040","volume":"93","author":"J Jurado","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jurado, J., Seip, R. & Thompson, P.D. Effectiveness of ezetimibe in clinical practice. Am J Cardiol 93, 641\u2013643 (2004).","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"150_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1185\/030079906X132721","volume":"22","author":"AL Catapano","year":"2006","unstructured":"Catapano, A.L., et al. Lipid-altering efficacy of the ezetimibe\/simvastatin single tablet versus rosuvastatin in hypercholesterolemic patients. Curr Med Res Opin 22, 2041\u20132053 (2006).","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"150_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0800742","volume":"358","author":"JJ Kastelein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kastelein, J.J., et al. Simvastatin with or without ezetimibe in familial hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 358, 1431\u20131443 (2008).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"150_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04053-8","volume":"357","author":"TJ Smilde","year":"2001","unstructured":"Smilde, T.J., et al. Effect of aggressive versus conventional lipid lowering on atherosclerosis progression in familial hypercholesterolaemia (ASAP): a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 357, 577\u2013581 (2001).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"150_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.15.1837","volume":"163","author":"PR Nolting","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nolting, P.R., et al. Regression of carotid and femoral artery intima-media thickness in familial hypercholesterolemia: treatment with simvastatin. Arch Intern Med 163, 1837\u20131841 (2003).","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"150_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe0908841","volume":"361","author":"JJ Kastelein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kastelein, J.J. & Bots, M.L. Statin therapy with ezetimibe or niacin in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 361, 2180\u20132183 (2009).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"150_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2010.05.002","volume":"20","author":"WJ Howard","year":"2010","unstructured":"\u2022 Howard, W.J. The role of ezetimibe in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: where do we stand after ARBITER 6-HALTS. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 20, 295\u2013300 (2010). This is a discussion of controversial data regarding ezetimibe safety and efficacy.","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"150_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.14.1678","volume":"299","author":"BV Howard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Howard, B.V., et al. Effect of lower targets for blood pressure and LDL cholesterol on atherosclerosis in diabetes: the SANDS randomized trial. JAMA 299, 1678\u20131689 (2008).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"150_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.10.031","volume":"52","author":"JL Fleg","year":"2008","unstructured":"\u2022 Fleg, J.L., et al. Effect of statins alone versus statins plus ezetimibe on carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes: the SANDS (Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 52, 2198\u20132205 (2008). This is a clarification on the effects on ezetimibe plus statins on endpoints results.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"150_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.03.004","volume":"159","author":"RM Califf","year":"2010","unstructured":"Califf, R.M., et al. An update on the IMProved reduction of outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial (IMPROVE-IT) design. Am Heart J 159, 705\u2013709 (2010).","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"150_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804602","volume":"359","author":"AB Rossebo","year":"2008","unstructured":"\u2022 Rossebo, A.B., et al. Intensive lipid lowering with simvastatin and ezetimibe in aortic stenosis. N Engl J Med 359, 1343\u20131356 (2008). This shows the results of a simvastatin\/ezetimibe combination study with important endpoints.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"150_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0806603","volume":"359","author":"R Peto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peto, R., et al. Analyses of cancer data from three ezetimibe trials. N Engl J Med 359, 1357\u20131366 (2008).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"150_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.148817","volume":"28","author":"PJ Barter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barter, P.J. & Rye, K.A. Is there a role for fibrates in the management of dyslipidemia in the metabolic syndrome? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28, 39\u201346 (2008).","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"150_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67667-2","volume":"366","author":"A Keech","year":"2005","unstructured":"Keech, A., et al. Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 366, 1849\u20131861 (2005).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"150_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3013","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.264.23.3013","volume":"264","author":"L Cashin-Hemphill","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cashin-Hemphill, L., et al. Beneficial effects of colestipol-niacin on coronary atherosclerosis. A 4-year follow-up. JAMA 264, 3013\u20133017 (1990).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"150_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199011083231901","volume":"323","author":"G Brown","year":"1990","unstructured":"Brown, G., et al. Regression of coronary artery disease as a result of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in men with high levels of apolipoprotein B. N Engl J Med 323, 1289\u20131298 (1990).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"150_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3233","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.257.23.3233","volume":"257","author":"DH Blankenhorn","year":"1987","unstructured":"Blankenhorn, D.H., et al. Beneficial effects of combined colestipol-niacin therapy on coronary atherosclerosis and coronary venous bypass grafts. JAMA 257, 3233\u20133240 (1987).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"150_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3512","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000148955.19792.8D","volume":"110","author":"AJ Taylor","year":"2004","unstructured":"Taylor, A.J., et al. Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol (ARBITER) 2: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of extended-release niacin on atherosclerosis progression in secondary prevention patients treated with statins. Circulation 110, 3512\u20133517 (2004).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"150_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011090","volume":"345","author":"BG Brown","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brown, B.G., et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 345, 1583\u20131592 (2001).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"150_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knopp, R., et al. Contrasting Effects of Unmodified and Time-Release Forms of Niacin on Lipoproteins in Hyperlipidemic Subjects: Clues to Mechanism of Action of Niacin. Metabolism, 642\u201350 (1985).","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(85)90092-7"},{"key":"150_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)02356-1","volume":"89","author":"CA Dujovne","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dujovne, C.A., Side effects of Statins: Hepatitus Versus \u2018Transaminitis\u2019\u2014Myositis vs \u2018CPKitis\u2019. The American Journal of Cardiology 89, 1411\u20131413 (2002).","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"150_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/107424849600100204","volume":"1","author":"A Stein","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stein, A., et al. Efficacy and Tolerability of Low-dose Simvastatin and Niacin, Alone and in Combination, in Patients With Combined Hyperlipidemia: A Prospective Trial. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Therapeut. 1 (2), 107\u2013116 (1996).","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Therapeut"},{"key":"150_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00007-9","volume":"91","author":"B Bays","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bays, B., et al. Comparison of Once-Daily, Niacin Extended-Release\/Lovastatin With Standard Doses of Atorvastatin and Simvastatin (The Advicor Versus Other Cholesterol-Modulating Agents Trial Evaluation (ADVOCATE)). The American Journal of Cardiology 91, 667\u2013672 (2003).","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"150_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.092","volume":"101","author":"CM Ballantyne","year":"2008","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Ballantyne, C.M., et al. Comparison of the safety and efficacy of a combination tablet of niacin extended release and simvastatin vs. simvastatin monotherapy in patients with increased non-HDL cholesterol (from the SEACOAST I study). Am J Cardiol. 101 (10),1428\u201336 (2008). This is an excellent study of statin-niacin combination therapy and efficacy.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"150_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2165\/00129784-200808020-00001","volume":"8","author":"RH Karas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Karas, R.H., et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of a combination of niacin extended release and simvastatin in patients with Dyslipidemia: the OCEANS study. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 8 (2), 69\u201381 (2008).","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Drugs."},{"issue":"2","key":"150_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00311-2","volume":"104","author":"JM McKenney","year":"1998","unstructured":"McKenney, J.M., et al. A randomized trial of the effects of atorvastatin and niacin in patients with combined hyperlipidemia or isolated hypertriglyceridemia. Collabortive Atorvastatin Study Group. Am J Med. 104 (2), 137\u201343 (1998).","journal-title":"Am J Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"150_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1520-037X.2004.3217.x","volume":"7","author":"DM Capuzzi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Capuzzi, D.M., et al. Rosuvastatin Alone or With Extended-Release Niacin: A New Therapeutic Option for Patients With Combined Hyperlipidemia. Preventive Cardiology. 7 (4), 176\u201381 (2004).","journal-title":"Preventive Cardiology."},{"key":"150_CR41","unstructured":"Brown, F., et al. Simvastatin and Niacin, Antioxidant Vitamins, or the Combination for the Prevention of Coronary Disease. N Engl J Med., 1583\u201392 (2001)."},{"issue":"6","key":"150_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-109-6-465","volume":"109","author":"WS Harris","year":"1988","unstructured":"Harris, W.S., et al. Effects of a Low Saturated Fat, Low Cholesterol Fish Oil Supplement in Hypertriglyceridemic Patients\u2014A Placebo Controlled Trial. Ann Intern Med, 109 (6), 464\u2013470 (1988).","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"150_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2007.07.018","volume":"29","author":"MH Davidson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Davidson, M.H., et al. The COMBination of prescription omega-3 with Simvastatin (COMBOS) investigators. Efficacy and tolerability of adding prescription omega-3 fatty acids 4\u00a0g\/d to simvastatin 40\u00a0mg\/d in hypertriglyceridemic patients: an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Ther. 29, 1354\u20131367 (2007).","journal-title":"Clin Ther."},{"key":"150_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1998.00297.x","volume":"243","author":"A Nordoy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nordoy, A., et al. Effects of Simvastatin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Plasma Lipoproteins and Lipid Peroxidation in Patients with Combined Hyperlipidemia. J Int Med 243. 163\u2013170 (1998).","journal-title":"J Int Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"150_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.85.5.544","volume":"85","author":"PN Durrington","year":"2001","unstructured":"Durrington, P.N., et al. An Omega-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrate administered for 1\u00a0year decreased triglycerides in simvastatin treated patients with coronary heart disease and persisting hypertriglyceridaemia. Heart 85 (5). 544\u20138 (2001).","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"16","key":"150_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000014682.14181.F2","volume":"105","author":"R Marchioli","year":"2002","unstructured":"Marchioli, R., et al. Early protection against sudden death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after myocardial infarction: time-course analysis of the results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI)-Prevenzione. Circulation. 105 (16). 1897\u20131903 (2002).","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"150_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(03)00367-3","volume":"146","author":"M Yokoyama","year":"2003","unstructured":"The JELIS study, Yokoyama M, Origasa H; JELIS Investigators. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on cardiovascular events in Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia: rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of the Japan EPA Lipid Intervention Study (JELIS). Am Heart J. 146. 613\u2013620 (2003).","journal-title":"Am Heart J"}],"container-title":["Current Atherosclerosis Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11883-010-0150-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11883-010-0150-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11883-010-0150-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,6]],"date-time":"2019-06-06T13:21:16Z","timestamp":1559827276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11883-010-0150-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,24]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}},"alternative-id":["150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11883-010-0150-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3804","1534-6242"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3804","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6242","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,24]]}}}