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Of the defining features of the metabolic syndrome, an atherogenic dyslipidaemia characterised by elevated triglycerides (TG) and low plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a major driver of risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Beyond lifestyle intervention and statins, targeting the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR\u03b1) is a therapeutic option. However, current PPAR\u03b1 agonists (fibrates) have limitations, including safety issues and the lack of definitive evidence for cardiovascular benefit. Modulating the ligand structure to enhance binding at the PPAR\u03b1 receptor, with the aim of maximising beneficial effects and minimising adverse effects, underlies the SPPARM\u03b1 concept.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This review discusses the history of SPPARM development, latterly focusing on evidence for the first licensed SPPARM\u03b1, pemafibrate. Evidence from animal models of hypertriglyceridaemia or NASH, as well as clinical trials in patients with atherogenic dyslipidaemia, are overviewed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The available data set the scene for therapeutic application of SPPARM\u03b1 in the metabolic syndrome, and possibly, NASH. The outstanding question, which has so far eluded fibrates in the setting of current evidence-based therapy including statins, is whether treatment with pemafibrate significantly reduces cardiovascular events in patients with atherogenic dyslipidaemia. The PROMINENT study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and this dyslipidaemia is critical to evaluating this.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-020-00897-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]],"date-time":"2021-01-03T22:03:09Z","timestamp":1609711389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Selective Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha Modulators (SPPARM\u03b1) in the Metabolic Syndrome: Is Pemafibrate Light at the End of the Tunnel?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jean-Charles","family":"Fruchart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel P.","family":"Hermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamila","family":"Fruchart-Najib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuhiko","family":"Kodama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"897_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","volume":"120","author":"KG Alberti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, et al. 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