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By the age of 30 years, women with FH have a higher LDL-C burden than men. In adulthood, women are diagnosed later than men, receive less lipid-lowering treatment, and consequently have higher LDL-C levels. An excessive atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk is reported in young female compared to male FH patients. The periods of pregnancy and breastfeeding contribute to treatment loss and increased cholesterol burden.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Earlier initiation of treatment, especially in girls with FH, and lifelong treatment during all life stages are important. Future research should aim to recruit both women and men, report sex-specific data, and investigate the impact of the female life course on cardiovascular outcomes. Future guidelines should include sex-specific aspects.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-023-01155-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T07:02:42Z","timestamp":1696921362000},"page":"861-868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Sex Differences in Familial Hypercholesterolemia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Marianne","family":"Klevmoen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janneke W.C.M.","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanine E.","family":"Roeters van Lennep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8674-9703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten B.","family":"Holven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1155_CR1","volume-title":"The Online Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease","author":"JL Goldstein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goldstein JL, Hobbs HH, Brown MS. 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She has received payment of honoraria for lectures and presentations by several non-pharmaceutical industry companies. She serves as Executive Board member of European Atherosclerosis Society, Member of Scientific Advisory Board Dutch Heart Foundation. Dr. Holven has received grants and\/or payment of honoraria for lectures and presentations from Mills, Amgen, and Sanofi. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}]}}