{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T07:50:14Z","timestamp":1789026614742,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Atheroscler Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-025-01349-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T03:21:36Z","timestamp":1759980096000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cardiovascular Disease in the Middle East and North Africa, 1990\u20132021: Burden, Trends, and Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jad","family":"Ardakani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hira","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khurram","family":"Nasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadeer","family":"Al-Kindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"25","key":"1349_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.11.007","volume":"82","author":"GA Mensah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mensah GA, Fuster V, Murray CJL, Roth GA. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and Risks, 1990\u20132022. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023;82(25):2350\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.11.007.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1349_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2024; 403(10440):2162\u20132203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00933-4.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00933-4"},{"issue":"9","key":"1349_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-023-01126-x","volume":"25","author":"Y Manla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Manla Y, Almahmeed W. The pandemic of coronary heart disease in the middle East and North africa: what clinicians need to know. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2023;25(9):543\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11883-023-01126-x.","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"1349_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513008","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1513008","volume":"16","author":"X Ma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ma X, Liu R, Xi X, Zhuo H, Gu Y. Global burden of chronic kidney disease due to diabetes mellitus, 1990\u20132021, and projections to 2050. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025;16:1513008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1513008.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"1349_CR5","unstructured":"Network GBoDC. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) 1950\u20132019. Seattle, United States of America2020."},{"key":"1349_CR6","unstructured":"Evaluation IfHMa. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019\/2021: Cardiovascular Diseases - MENA Region. Seattle, WA2021."},{"issue":"38","key":"1349_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34751","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000034751","volume":"102","author":"AI Joudeh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joudeh AI, Elderawy NM, Alhitmi MA, Alnuaimi AS, Aabdien M, Alotaibi M, et al. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of primary healthcare physicians in Qatar towards hypertension management: an online cross-sectional study. Med (Baltim). 2023;102(38):e34751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000034751.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"1349_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.23937\/2377-3634\/1410099","volume":"6","author":"J AASHDMAB","year":"2019","unstructured":"AASHDMAB J. SMART population screening and management in Qatar. Int J Diabetes Clin Res. 2019;6:99. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23937\/2377-3634\/1410099.","journal-title":"Int J Diabetes Clin Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1349_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.862","volume":"16","author":"E Faisal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Faisal E, Saad R, Al-Hashemi M, Grace SL, Papasavvas T, Turk-Adawi K. Evaluation of qatar\u2019s first cardiac rehabilitation program: A brief report. Glob Heart. 2021;16(1):65. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/gh.862.","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"key":"1349_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elhwuegi A, Teebar L. Impact of Chronic Stress on Cardiovascular System: Libyan Conflict Health Perspective. Part one: Types of Chronic Stresses. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/LIUJ.LIUJ_25_18","DOI":"10.4103\/LIUJ.LIUJ_25_18"},{"issue":"1","key":"1349_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2019.1.23463","volume":"40","author":"AM Hussain","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hussain AM, Lafta RK. Burden of non-communicable diseases in Iraq after the 2003 war. Saudi Med J. 2019;40(1):72\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15537\/smj.2019.1.23463.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"1349_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174135","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/174135","volume":"2011","author":"AA Saeed","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saeed AA, Al-Hamdan NA, Bahnassy AA, Abdalla AM, Abbas MA, Abuzaid LZ, Prevalence. Awareness, Treatment, and control of hypertension among Saudi adult population: A National survey. Int J Hypertens. 2011;2011:174135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4061\/2011\/174135.","journal-title":"Int J Hypertens"},{"key":"1349_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pinna Pintor M, Suhrcke M, Hamelmann C. The impact of economic sanctions on health and health systems in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. BMJ Glob Health. 2023;8(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2022-010968.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2022-010968"},{"issue":"4","key":"1349_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-020-02346-8","volume":"15","author":"M Amin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amin M, Radwan A, Hemeda A. Cardio-metabolic problem in Egypt. Intern Emerg Med. 2020;15(4):549\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11739-020-02346-8.","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1349_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-023-01079-2","volume":"21","author":"YAM Elhadi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elhadi YAM. Progress and challenges in implementing non-communicable disease policies in Sudan. Health Res Policy Syst. 2023;21(1):130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12961-023-01079-2.","journal-title":"Health Res Policy Syst"},{"key":"1349_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045739","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1045739","volume":"10","author":"MG Katoue","year":"2022","unstructured":"Katoue MG, Cerda AA, Garc\u00eda LY, Jakovljevic M. Healthcare system development in the middle East and North Africa region: Challenges, endeavors and prospective opportunities. Front Public Health. 2022;10:1045739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1045739.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1349_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18445-6","volume":"24","author":"Z Tong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tong Z, Xie Y, Li K, Yuan R, Zhang L. The global burden and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in adolescent and young adults, 1990\u20132019. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):1017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-18445-6.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1349_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-025-04724-6","volume":"25","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Yang X, Du Y, Chen L, Dong J, Hu T, et al. Global cardiovascular disease burden attributable to particulate matter pollution, 1990\u20132021: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021 and forecast to 2045. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2025;25(1):401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-025-04724-6.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"1349_CR19","unstructured":"Supports our environmental. -risk section and forward-looks policy urgency for PM reduction."},{"issue":"7","key":"1349_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0236292","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236292","volume":"15","author":"KF Alhabib","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alhabib KF, Gamra H, Almahmeed W, Hammoudeh A, Benkheddah S, Al Jarallah M, et al. Acute myocardial infarction and acute heart failure in the middle East and North africa: study design and pilot phase study results from the PEACE MENA registry. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(7):e0236292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0236292.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1349_CR21","unstructured":"Mediterranean WROftE. Framework for health information systems and core indicators for monitoring health situation and health system performance. Cairo2019."},{"key":"1349_CR22","unstructured":"Ministry of Health SA. Health Sector Transformation Program: Saudi Vision 2030. Riyadh2021."},{"key":"1349_CR23","volume-title":"Combating tobacco use in Saudi arabia: a review of recent initiatives hail","author":"RIB Aldhmadi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aldhmadi RIB. Combating tobacco use in Saudi arabia: a review of recent initiatives hail. Saudi Arabia: Department of Health Management, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Hail; 2020."},{"issue":"25","key":"1349_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab309","volume":"42","author":"SCORE2 risk prediction algorithms","year":"2021","unstructured":"SCORE2 risk prediction algorithms. : new models to estimate 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in Europe. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(25):2439\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab309.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1349_CR25","unstructured":"Arabia) MoHS. Seha Virtual Hospital. https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sa\/en\/Ministry\/Projects\/Pages\/Seha-Virtual-Hospital.aspx Accessed."},{"key":"1349_CR26","unstructured":"Abu Dhabi Health Data S. DoH\u2019s Malaffi and MOHAP Announce the Completion of the Latest Phase of Riayati Integration. https:\/\/mohap.gov.ae\/en\/w\/uae-health-authorities-announce-successful-integration-between-riayati-malaffi-and-nabidh- Accessed."},{"key":"1349_CR27","unstructured":"Corporation HM. More than 80% of HMC Outpatient Care Provided through Telemedicine. https:\/\/www.hamad.qa\/EN\/news\/2020\/May\/Pages\/More-than-80-of-HMC-Outpatient-Care-Provided-through-Telemedicine.aspx Accessed."},{"issue":"9","key":"1349_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0257458","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257458","volume":"16","author":"H Al-Thani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Thani H, Mekkodathil A, Hussain A, Sharaf A, Sadek A, Aldakhl-Allah A, et al. Implementation of vascular surgery teleconsultation during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from the outpatient vascular clinics in a tertiary care hospital in Qatar. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(9):e0257458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0257458.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1349_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-022-01654-6","volume":"23","author":"M Neshnash","year":"2022","unstructured":"Neshnash M, Metwally N, Ismail M, Joudeh A, Al-Dahshan A, Sharif AR, et al. Satisfaction of primary care physicians towards initiation of phone consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic management in qatar: a cross-sectional study. BMC Prim Care. 2022;23(1):44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-022-01654-6.","journal-title":"BMC Prim Care"},{"key":"1349_CR30","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Eastern M: Comprehensive assessment of Jordan\u2019s health information system (HIS). https:\/\/applications.emro.who.int\/docs\/9789290222583-eng.pdf (2016). Accessed."},{"key":"1349_CR31","unstructured":"National Health Regulatory A. Telemedicine Dispensing Procedure (v1.0, 10 May 2020). https:\/\/www.nhra.bh\/MediaHandler\/ImageHandler\/documents\/Announcements\/General%20038_NHRA_PPR_Telemedicine%20Dispensing%20Procedure%20v1.0_20200510.pdf (2020). Accessed."},{"key":"1349_CR32","volume-title":"2-18-378 du 11 Kaada 1439 (25 Juillet 2018) relatif \u00e0 La t\u00e9l\u00e9m\u00e9decine","author":"D\u00e9cret","year":"2018","unstructured":"D\u00e9cret. n\u00b0 2-18-378 du 11 Kaada 1439 (25 Juillet 2018) relatif \u00e0 La t\u00e9l\u00e9m\u00e9decine. Morocco: Bulletin Officiel du Royaume du Maroc; 2018."},{"key":"1349_CR33","unstructured":"Republic of T\u00fcrkiye Ministry of H. Uzaktan Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmetlerinin Sunumu Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik (Regulation on the Provision of Remote Health Services). https:\/\/shgmturizmdb.saglik.gov.tr\/TR-87377\/uzaktan-saglik-hizmetlerinin-sunumu-hakkinda-yonetmelik.html (2022). Accessed."},{"issue":"3","key":"1349_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.4274\/balkanmedj.galenos.2023.2023-2-77","volume":"40","author":"\u015e Birinci","year":"2023","unstructured":"Birinci \u015e. A digital opportunity for patients to manage their health: Turkey National personal health record system (The e-Nab\u0131z). Balkan Med J. 2023;40(3):215\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/balkanmedj.galenos.2023.2023-2-77.","journal-title":"Balkan Med J"},{"issue":"11","key":"1349_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.26719\/2024.30.11.746","volume":"30","author":"A Al-Jawaldeh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Jawaldeh A, Perucic AM, Hammerich A, Moneim A, Ibrahim ET. A review of sugar-sweetened beverages taxation in Saudi Arabia and united Arab Emirates. East Mediterr Health J. 2024;30(11):746\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26719\/2024.30.11.746.","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"issue":"7","key":"1349_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114522002471","volume":"128","author":"AM Minihane","year":"2022","unstructured":"Minihane AM, Murphy KJ. The health benefits and practical considerations for the adoption of a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern. Br J Nutr. 2022;128(7):1201\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114522002471.","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"}],"container-title":["Current Atherosclerosis Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11883-025-01349-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11883-025-01349-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11883-025-01349-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T03:21:43Z","timestamp":1759980103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11883-025-01349-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11883-025-01349-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3804","1534-6242"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3804","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6242","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"98"}}