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In the previous 36 months, Dr. Apovian has participated on advisory boards for AbbVie Inc., Altimmune, Inc., Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., BioAge, Biolinq Incorporated, Caribou Biosciences, Inc., CinFina Pharma, Inc., Covidien LP, Cowen and Company, LLC, Currax Pharmaceuticals, LLC, EPG Communication Holdings Ltd., Form Health, Inc., Fractyl Health, Inc., Keros Therapeutics, Inc., Lilly USA, LLC, L-Nutra, Inc., Mediflix Inc., NeuroBo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., NodThera Limited, Novo Nordisk, Nutrisystem, OptumRx, Inc., Pain Script Corporation, Palatin Technologies, Inc., Pursuit By You, Redesign Health Inc., ReShape Lifesciences Inc., Riverview School, Roman Health Ventures Inc., Scholar Rock, Inc., Terns, Inc., Verily Life Sciences LLC, Veru Inc., Vida Health, Inc., Wave Life Sciences, WondrHealth, Xeno Biosciences and Zyversa Therapeutics, Inc. Dr. Apovian has also received research funding from PCORI and GI Dynamics, Inc. All these conflicts are outside this paper.Dr. Saeed\u2019s receives research funding from Amylyx pharmaceutics and is a consultant for Alosa health. In the previous 36 months, Dr. Apovian has participated on advisory boards for AbbVie Inc., Altimmune, Inc., Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., BioAge, Biolinq Incorporated, Caribou Biosciences, Inc., CinFina Pharma, Inc., Covidien LP, Cowen and Company, LLC, Currax Pharmaceuticals, LLC, EPG Communication Holdings Ltd., Form Health, Inc., Fractyl Health, Inc., Keros Therapeutics, Inc., Lilly USA, LLC, L-Nutra, Inc., Mediflix Inc., NeuroBo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., NodThera Limited, Novo Nordisk, Nutrisystem, OptumRx, Inc., Pain Script Corporation, Palatin Technologies, Inc., Pursuit By You, Redesign Health Inc., ReShape Lifesciences Inc., Riverview School, Roman Health Ventures Inc., Scholar Rock, Inc., Terns, Inc., Verily Life Sciences LLC, Veru Inc., Vida Health, Inc., Wave Life Sciences, WondrHealth, Xeno Biosciences and Zyversa Therapeutics, Inc. Dr. Apovian has also received research funding from PCORI and GI Dynamics, Inc. All these conflicts are outside this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"No animal or human subjects by the authors were used in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"2"}}