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This review summarizes the current evidence regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms linking PASC to cardiovascular disease and discusses the potential role of exercise training as a strategy to mitigate vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent studies demonstrate that individuals with PASC exhibit persistent low-grade inflammation, impaired endothelial function, accelerated vascular aging, platelet hyperreactivity, insulin resistance, sarcopenia, and autonomic dysfunction. These alterations contribute to a pro-atherogenic phenotype that may persist months to years after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Emerging evidence indicates that exercise training improves inflammatory status, endothelial function, arterial stiffness, metabolic health, autonomic regulation, and functional capacity in post-COVID patients, potentially attenuating mechanisms involved in atherosclerotic progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-COVID syndrome is associated with multiple interconnected biological pathways that increase long-term cardiovascular risk. Exercise training appears to be a promising non-pharmacological intervention capable of targeting several of these mechanisms simultaneously. Although further randomized controlled trials are needed, current evidence supports the integration of individualized exercise-based rehabilitation into the management of patients with PASC to promote vascular recovery and reduce cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-026-01450-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T07:35:59Z","timestamp":1786606559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exercise and Cardiovascular Risk Modulation in Post-COVID Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"C\u00e1ssia da Luz","family":"Goulart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro Tolfo","family":"Franzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ananda Silveira","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"Bittencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1450_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Griffin DO. 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