{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:21:13Z","timestamp":1792783273389,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Southern California","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03taz7m60","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Atheroscler Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose of Review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We describe two patients with Tangier disease (TD) and provide a narrative review of its clinical features, genetics, diagnosis, and management. A literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar was performed to identify English-language publications on TD, and relevant articles were reviewed narratively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patient # 1 was diagnosed with TD due to compound heterozygous variant in\n                      <jats:italic>ABCA1<\/jats:italic>\n                      (one pathogenic variant (c.1759\u00a0C\u2009&gt;\u2009T, p.Arg587Trp) and one variant of uncertain significance (VUS) (c.1733\u00a0C\u2009&gt;\u2009G, p.Pro578Arg)) when evaluated for histopathological findings of tonsillectomy specimen suggestive of TD. Patient # 2 was found to have TD due to homozygous pathogenic variant in\n                      <jats:italic>ABCA1<\/jats:italic>\n                      (c.1769G\u2009&gt;\u2009T p. Trp590Leu) when evaluated for incidental detection of low high density lipoprotein (HDL-C).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TD, characterized by HDL-C deficiency affects reverse cholesterol transport causing intracellular cholesterol accumulation in various tissues producing characteristic clinical presentation. There is no definite treatment for TD. To the best of our knowledge the VUS noted in patient # 1 is likely pathogenic. This report will aid a variant reclassification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-026-01457-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T07:53:00Z","timestamp":1789804380000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tangier Disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0391-3759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabitha","family":"Sasidharan Pillai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preneet Cheema","family":"Brar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambika P.","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"1457_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2146","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf131","volume":"110","author":"G Semmler","year":"2025","unstructured":"Semmler G, Baumgartner C, Metz M, Gensluckner S, Habisch H, Hofer H, et al. Lipid dysregulation in tangier disease: a case series and metabolic characterization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025;110(7):e2146\u201356.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"1457_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104907","volume":"43","author":"DS Fredrickson","year":"1964","unstructured":"Fredrickson DS, Young O, Shiratori T, Briggs N. The inheritance of high density lipoprotein deficiency (Tangier Disease) *. J Clin Invest. 1964;43(2):228\u201336.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"1457_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.RV17053","volume":"28","author":"M Koseki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koseki M, Yamashita S, Ogura M, Ishigaki Y, Ono K, Tsukamoto K, et al. Current diagnosis and management of tangier disease. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2021;28(8):802\u201310.","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"issue":"10","key":"1457_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8815","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M206885200","volume":"278","author":"AR Tanaka","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tanaka AR, Abe-Dohmae S, Ohnishi T, Aoki R, Morinaga G, Okuhira K, ichiro, et al. Effects of mutations of ABCA1 in the first extracellular domain on subcellular trafficking and ATP binding\/hydrolysis. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(10):8815\u20139.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"1457_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(00)00587-6","volume":"154","author":"S Bertolini","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bertolini S, Pisciotta L, Seri M, Cusano R, Cantafora A, Calabresi L, et al. A point mutation in ABC1 gene in a patient with severe premature coronary heart disease and mild clinical phenotype of Tangier disease. Atherosclerosis [Internet]. 2001;154(3):599\u2013605. Available from:. www.elsevier.com\/locate\/atherosclerosis.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis [Internet]"},{"issue":"3","key":"1457_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2008.02019.x","volume":"265","author":"L Pisciotta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pisciotta L, Bocchi L, Candini C, Sallo R, Zanotti I, Fasano T, et al. Severe HDL deficiency due to novel defects in the ABCA1 transporter. J Intern Med. 2009;265(3):359\u201372.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1457_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.65.7.968","volume":"65","author":"M Th\u00e9audin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Th\u00e9audin M, Couvert P, Fournier E, Bouige D, Bruckert E, Perrotte P, et al. Lewis-sumner syndrome and tangier disease. Arch Neurol. 2008;65(7):968\u201370.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1457_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2025.100854","volume":"66","author":"M Teigen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Teigen M, \u00d8lnes \u00c5S, Bjune K, Bogsrud MP, Str\u00f8m TB. Functional characterization of genetic variants affecting the intracellular domains of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). J Lipid Res. 2025;66(8):100854.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"1457_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richards S, Aziz N, Bale S, Bick D, Das S, Gastier-Foster J, et al. Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genet Med. 2015;17(5):405\u201324.","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2015.30"},{"issue":"1","key":"1457_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2011.48","volume":"14","author":"RE Pyeritz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pyeritz RE. Evaluation of the adolescent or adult with some features of Marfan syndrome. Genet Med. 2012;14(1):171\u20137.","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"1457_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553259","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1553259","volume":"12","author":"S Sphitzen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sphitzen S, Golomb M, Mowaswes M, Bitzur R, Horowitz Cederboim S, Leker RR, et al. Missing in action: the genetic mysteries of extremely low HDL cholesterol. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2025;12:1553259.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1457_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.64579","volume":"31","author":"Y Furuta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Furuta Y, Osaki Y, Nakagawa Y, Han SI, Araki M, Shikama A, et al. Genetic and functional analyses of patients with marked hypo-high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2024;31(9):1304\u201318.","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"issue":"8","key":"1457_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.8.2485","volume":"79","author":"LL Kay","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kay LL, Ronan R, Schaefer EJ, Bryan Brewer H. Tangier disease: A structural defect in apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-ITangir) (apolipoprotein A 1H\/dyslipoproteinemia\/atherosclerosis\/high density lipoproteins\/cholesterol). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982;79(8):2485\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"17","key":"1457_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197810262991701","volume":"299","author":"EJ Schaefer","year":"1978","unstructured":"Schaefer EJ, Blum CB, Levy RI, Jenkins LL, Alaupovic P, Foster DM, et al. Metabolism of high-density lipoprotein apolipoproteins in Tangier disease. N Engl J Med. 1978;299(17):905\u201310.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1457_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30264-5","volume":"8","author":"RA Hegele","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hegele RA, Bor\u00e9n J, Ginsberg HN, Arca M, Averna M, Binder CJ, et al. Rare dyslipidaemias, from phenotype to genotype to management: a European Atherosclerosis Society task force consensus statement. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(1):50\u201367.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1457_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2022.07.004","volume":"150","author":"M Ogura","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ogura M. HDL, cholesterol efflux, and ABCA1: Free from good and evil dualism. J Pharmacol Sci. 2022;150(2):81\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"1457_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.11.021","volume":"452","author":"T Murano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Murano T, Yamaguchi T, Tatsuno I, Suzuki M, Noike H, Takanami T, et al. Subfraction analysis of circulating lipoproteins in a patient with Tangier disease due to a novel ABCA1 mutation. Clin Chim Acta. 2016;452:167\u201372.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"1457_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.03.018","volume":"18","author":"X Bi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bi X, Pashos EE, Cuchel M, Lyssenko NN, Hernandez M, Picataggi A, et al. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 deficiency in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes abrogates HDL biogenesis and enhances triglyceride secretion. EBioMedicine. 2017;18:139\u201345.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"1457_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M200367-JLR200","volume":"44","author":"R Kaplan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kaplan R, Zhang T, Hernandez M, Xiaodong Gan F, Wright SD, Waters MG, et al. Regulation of the angiopoietin-like protein 3 gene by LXR. J Lipid Res. 2003;44(1):136\u201343.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"1457_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21344","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M213202200","volume":"278","author":"T Inaba","year":"2003","unstructured":"Inaba T, Matsuda M, Shimamura M, Takei N, Terasaka N, Ando Y, et al. Angiopoietin-like protein 3 mediates hypertriglyceridemia induced by the liver X receptor. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(24):21344\u201351.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"1457_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.119","volume":"13","author":"S Kersten","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kersten S. Angiopoietin-like 3 in lipoprotein metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017;13(12):731\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"21","key":"1457_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e030476","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.030476","volume":"12","author":"JM Kraaijenhof","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kraaijenhof JM, Tromp TR, Nurmohamed NS, Reeskamp LF, Langenkamp M, Levels JHM, et al. ANGPTL3 (Angiopoietin-Like 3) preferentially resides on high-density lipoprotein in the human circulation, affecting its activity. Am Heart Assoc. 2023;12(21):e030476.","journal-title":"Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"1457_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.12.050","volume":"178","author":"C Chatterjee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chatterjee C, Sparks DL. Hepatic lipase, high density lipoproteins, and hypertriglyceridemia. Am J Pathol. 2011;178(4):1429\u201333.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1457_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.20096","volume":"206","author":"R Chiriac","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chiriac R. Expect the unexpected: Tangier disease and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Br J Haematol. 2025;206(6):1542\u20133.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1457_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1989.tb07694.x","volume":"72","author":"WH Reinhart","year":"1989","unstructured":"Reinhart WH, G\u00f6ssi U, B\u00fctikofer P, Ott P, Sigrist H, Schatzmann H-J, et al. Haemolytic anaemia in analpha\u2010lipoproteinaemia (Tangier disease): morphological, biochemical, and biophysical properties of the red blood cell. Br J Haematol. 1989;72(2):272\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1457_CR26","first-page":"1158","volume":"19","author":"A Babayeva","year":"2025","unstructured":"Babayeva A, Cerit ET, Kayhan G, Inan A, Akturk M. Is Tangier disease a rare cause of premature ovarian insufficiency?: a case report. J Clin Lipidol. 2025;19(4):1158\u201363.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1457_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2024-0335","volume":"38","author":"S \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2025","unstructured":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk S, Do\u01e7an ME, Kadlo\u01e7lu Yllmaz B, G\u00fcle\u00e7 A, Soylu \u00dcstkoyuncu P, Karda\u015f F, et al. The clinical presentation and genetic diagnosis of Tangier disease in the pediatric age group. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2025;38(3):271\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"1457_CR28","first-page":"e81676","volume":"17","author":"E Ruiz-Ospina","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ruiz-Ospina E, Ortiz-Corredor F, Milena Castellar-Leones S, Delgado-Martinez JR. Quantitative sensory testing in a girl with tangier disease: a case report. Cureus. 2025;17(4):e81676.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1457_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccas.2023.101904","volume":"18","author":"WA Malick","year":"2023","unstructured":"Malick WA, Schaefer EJ, Hegele RA, Rosenson RS. ABCA1 deficiency: a rare cause of premature coronary artery disease. JACC Case Rep. 2023;18:101904.","journal-title":"JACC Case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"1457_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2024.12.008","volume":"19","author":"AR Ramalho","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ramalho AR, Moreira S, Ramos LC, de Moura JP. A novel variant in the ABCA1 gene for Tangier disease with diffuse histiocytosis of bone marrow. J Clin Lipidol. 2025;19(2):372\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1457_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12265","volume":"23","author":"M Mercan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mercan M, Yayla V, Altinay S, Seyhan S. Peripheral neuropathy in Tangier disease: A literature review and assessment. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2018;23(2):88\u201398.","journal-title":"J Peripher Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"10","key":"1457_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.014","volume":"31","author":"SB Patel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Patel SB, Belalcazar LM, Afreen S, Balderas R, Hegele RA, Karpe F, et al. American association of clinical endocrinology consensus statement: algorithm for management of adults with dyslipidemia \u2013 2025 update. Endocr Pract. 2025;31(10):1207\u201338.","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"1457_CR33","unstructured":"Nlm Citation:, Burnett JR, Hooper AJ, Mccormick SP. Tangier Disease. GeneReviews\u00ae [Internet] Seattle (WA). University of Washington, Seattle. 2019:1993\u20132025."},{"issue":"23","key":"1457_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccas.2024.102716","volume":"29","author":"S Moussa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moussa S, Price J, Frye J, Chen O, Rahman T. Primary hypoalphalipoproteinemia with significant premature atherosclerosis. JACC Case Rep. 2024;29(23):102716.","journal-title":"JACC Case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"1457_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2015.12.007","volume":"10","author":"RD Shamburek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shamburek RD, Bakker-Arkema R, Auerbach BJ, Krause BR, Homan R, Amar MJ, et al. Familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency: first-in-human treatment with enzyme replacement. J Clin Lipidol. 2016;10(2):356\u201367.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1457_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2008.06.002","volume":"2","author":"RD Santos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Santos RD, Asztalos BF, Martinez LRC, Miname MH, Polisecki E, Schaefer EJ. Clinical presentation, laboratory values, and coronary heart disease risk in marked high-density lipoprotein-deficiency states. J Clin Lipidol. 2008;2(4):237\u201347.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1457_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M700362-JLR200","volume":"49","author":"RD Santos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Santos RD, Schaefer EJ, Asztalos BF, Polisecki E, Wang J, Hegele RA, et al. Characterization of high density lipoprotein particles in familial apolipoprotein A-I deficiency. J Lipid Res. 2008;49(2):349\u201357.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1457_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.20945\/2359-3997000000585","volume":"67","author":"I Bonilha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bonilha I, Luchiari B, Nadruz W, Sposito AC. Very low HDL levels: clinical assessment and management. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2023;67(1):3\u201318.","journal-title":"Arch Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"1457_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATV.0000000000000195","volume":"46","author":"AL Peterson","year":"2026","unstructured":"Peterson AL, Ashraf AP, Bachman J, Hegele RA, Rashad M, South AM, et al. Screening, diagnosis, and management of pediatric hypertriglyceridemia: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2026;46(4):e000195.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1457_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(86)80293-5","volume":"8","author":"RJ Prineas","year":"1986","unstructured":"Prineas RJ, Friedewald W. Fifteen year mortality in coronary drug project patients: long-term benefit with niacin. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;8(6):1245\u201355.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1457_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2023.11.015","volume":"18","author":"S Karabudak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karabudak S, G\u00fczel V, G\u00fcler B, Uyan\u0131k B, G\u00fcrsoy AE. A case report of Tangier disease presents with acute sensorimotor polyneuropathy and its treatment approach. J Clin Lipidol. 2024;18(2):e285\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"}],"container-title":["Current Atherosclerosis Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11883-026-01457-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11883-026-01457-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11883-026-01457-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T07:53:02Z","timestamp":1789804382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11883-026-01457-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11883-026-01457-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1534-6242"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1534-6242","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"No animal or human subjects by the authors were used in this study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"94"}}