{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T21:49:01Z","timestamp":1648590541600},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Cardiol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-000-0026-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,26]],"date-time":"2007-05-26T04:35:44Z","timestamp":1180154144000},"page":"56-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antithrombotic therapy for valve disease: Native and prosthetic valve"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Amin M.","family":"Al-Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise Hartnett","family":"Daudelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deeb N.","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"26_CR1","volume-title":"1999 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update","author":"American Heart Association","year":"1998","unstructured":"American Heart Association: 1999 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update. Dallas: American Heart Association; 1998"},{"key":"26_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1986.00520010065026","volume":"43","author":"Cerebral Embolism Task Force","year":"1986","unstructured":"Cerebral Embolism Task Force: Report on cardiogenic brain embolism. Arch Neurol 1986, 43:71\u201384.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"26_CR3","first-page":"1007","volume-title":"Heart Disease, A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine","author":"E Braunwald","year":"1997","unstructured":"Braunwald E: Valvular heart disease. In Heart Disease, A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine: Edited by Braunwald E. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1997:1007\u20131076."},{"key":"26_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90249-Z","volume":"21","author":"M Lindroos","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lindroos M, Kupari M, Heikkila J, Tilvis R: Prevalence of aortic valve abnormalities in the elderly: an echocardiographic study of a random population sample. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993, 21:1220\u20131225.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"26_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907153410302","volume":"341","author":"C Otto","year":"1999","unstructured":"Otto C, Lind B, Kitzman D, Gersh B, Siscovick D: Association of aortic-valve sclerosis with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the elderly. N Engl J Med 1999, 341:142\u2013147. This study evaluated aortic sclerosis in a large cohort of patients and correlated this condition with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"26_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.5_Supplement.590S","volume":"114","author":"D Salem","year":"1998","unstructured":"Salem D, Levine H, Pauker S, Eckman M, Daudelin D: Fifth consensus conference on antithrombotic therapy in valvular heart disease. Chest 1998, 114:590S-601S.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"26_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(77)80185-9","volume":"39","author":"P Stein","year":"1977","unstructured":"Stein P, Sabbath H, Apitha J: Continuing disease process of calcific aortic stenosis. Am J Cardiol 1977, 39:159\u2013163.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"26_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.27.2.197","volume":"27","author":"K Holley","year":"1963","unstructured":"Holley K, Bahn R, McGoon D, et al.: Spontaneous calcification associated with calcific aortic stenosis. Circulation 1963, 27:197\u2013202.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"26_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.5.847","volume":"27","author":"A Boon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Boon A, Lodder J, Cheriex E, Kessels F: Risk of stroke in a cohort of 815 patients with calcification of the aortic valve with or without stenosis. Stroke 1996, 27:847\u2013851.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"26_CR10","first-page":"483","volume":"6","author":"H Levine","year":"1981","unstructured":"Levine H: Which atrial fibrillation patients should be on chronic anticoagualtion? J Cardiovascular Med 1981, 6:483\u2013487","journal-title":"J Cardiovascular Med"},{"key":"26_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.18.1949","volume":"98","author":"J Richie","year":"1998","unstructured":"Richie J, Cheitlin M, Eagle K, et al.: Guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. Executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (committee on management of patients with valvular heart disease). Circulation 1998, 98:1949\u20131984.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"26_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199003223221232","volume":"322","author":"Stroke Prevention an Atrial Fibrillation Study Group Investigators","year":"1990","unstructured":"Stroke Prevention an Atrial Fibrillation Study Group Investigators: Preliminary report of the stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation study. N Engl J Med 1990, 322:863\u2013868.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"26_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199011293232201","volume":"323","author":"The Boston Area Anticoagulation Trial for Atrial Fibrillation Investigators","year":"1990","unstructured":"The Boston Area Anticoagulation Trial for Atrial Fibrillation Investigators: The effect of low-dose warfarin on the risk of stroke in patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 1990, 323:1505\u20131511.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"26_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)91200-2","volume":"1","author":"P Peterson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Peterson P, Boysen G, Gagne P et al.: Placebo controlled, randomized trial of warfarin and aspirin for prevention of thromboembolic complications in chronic atrial fibrillation. Lancet 1989, 1:175\u2013179.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"26_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199211123272002","volume":"327","author":"M Ezekowitz","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ezekowitz M, Bridges S, James K, et al.: Warfarin in the prevention of stroke associated atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 1992, 327:1406\u20131412.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"26_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-11-199806010-00001","volume":"128","author":"C Chiang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chiang C, Lo S, Ko Y, et al.: Predictors of systemic embolism in patients with mitral stenosis: a prospective study. Ann Intern Med 1998, 128:855\u2013889.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"26_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-116-1-6","volume":"116","author":"The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators","year":"1992","unstructured":"The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators: Predictors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: II. Echocardiographic features of patients at risk. Ann Intern Med 1992, 116 6\u201312.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"26_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00322-H","volume":"25","author":"K Yamamoto","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yamamoto K, Ikeda U, Seino Y, et al.: Coagulation activity is increased in the left atrium of patients with mitral stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995, 25:107\u2013112.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"26_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00060-0","volume":"83","author":"F Li-Saw-Hee","year":"1999","unstructured":"Li-Saw-Hee F, Blann A, Goldsmith I, Lip G: Indexes of hypercoagulability measured in peripheral blood reflect levels in intracardiac blood in pateints with atrial fibrillation secondary to mitral stenosis. Am J Cardiol 1999, 83:1206\u20131209.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"26_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.3.331","volume":"94","author":"R Pervill","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pervill R, Harper R, Gelman J, et al.: Determinants of increased regional left atrial coagulation activity in patients with mitral stenosis. Circulation 1996, 94:331\u2013339.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"26_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00758-8","volume":"79","author":"R Pervell","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pervell R, Harris G, Gelman J, et al.: Effect of warfarin on regional left atrial coagulation activity in mitral stenosis. Am J Cardiol 1997, 79:339\u2013343.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"26_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198001173020303","volume":"302","author":"H Barnett","year":"1980","unstructured":"Barnett H, Coughner J, Taylow D: Further evidence relating MVP to cerebral ischemic events. N Engl J Med 1980, 302:139\u2013144.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"26_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907013410101","volume":"341","author":"L Freed","year":"1999","unstructured":"Freed L, Levy D, Levine R, et al.: Prevalence and clinical outcome of MVP. N Engl J Med 1999, 341:1\u20136. This study used two dimensional echocardiographic diagnostic criteria for MVP and found a lower rate of MVP than previousl suspected. The question of MVP and stroke was also put to rest in this population with no increased incidence of stroke.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"26_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907013410102","volume":"341","author":"D Gilon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gilon D, Buonanno F, Joffe M, et al.: Lack of evidence of an association between mitral-valve prolapse and stroke in young patients. N Engl J Med 1999, 341:8\u201313.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"26_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196211012671802","volume":"268","author":"D Korn","year":"1962","unstructured":"Korn D, DeSanctis R, Sell S: Massive calcification of the mitral annulus. N Engl J Med 1962, 268:900\u2013909.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"26_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199208063270602","volume":"327","author":"E Benjamin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Benjamin E, Plehn J, D'Agostino R, et al.: Mitral annular calcification and the risk of stroke in an elderly cohort. N Engl J Med 1992, 327:374\u2013379.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"26_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.31.6.684","volume":"31","author":"R Kirk","year":"1969","unstructured":"Kirk R, Russell J: Subvalvular calcification of the mitral valve. Br Heart J 1969, 31:684\u2013692.","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"26_CR28","first-page":"117","volume":"100","author":"R Ridolfi","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ridolfi R, Hutchins G: Spontaneous calcific emboli from calcific mitral annulus fibrosus. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1976, 100:117\u2013120.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"26_CR29","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Thrombosis in Cardiovascular Disorders","author":"J Chesebro","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chesebro J, Fuster V: Valvular heart disease and prosthetic heart valves. In Thrombosis in Cardiovascular Disorders. Edited by Fuster V, Verstraete M. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1992:191\u2013214."},{"key":"26_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)64893-3","volume":"73","author":"D Tiede","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tiede D, Nishimura R, Gastineau D, et al.: Moderen management of prosthetic valve anticoagulation. Mayo Clin Proc 1998, 73 665\u2013680.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"26_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"II95","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.2.95","volume":"98","author":"K Moinuddeen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Moinuddeen K, Quin J, Shaw R, et al.: Anticoagulation is unnecessary after biological valve replacement. Circulation 1998, 98 II95-II99","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"26_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00563-6","volume":"25","author":"M Heras","year":"1995","unstructured":"Heras M, Chesebro J, Fuster V, et al.: High risk of thromboemboli early after bioprosthetic cardiac valve replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995, 25:1111\u20131119.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"26_CR33","first-page":"214","volume":"90","author":"K Blair","year":"1994","unstructured":"Blair K, Hatton A, White W, et al.: Comparison of anticoagulation regimens after Carpentier-Edwards aortic or mitral valve replacement. Circulation 1994, 90:214\u2013219.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"26_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199608083350607","volume":"335","author":"W Vongpatanasin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Vongpatanasin W, Hillis D, Lange R: Medical progress: prosthetic heart valves. N Engl J Med 1996, 335:407\u2013416.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"26_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199308193290802","volume":"329","author":"A Turpie","year":"1993","unstructured":"Turpie A, Gent M, Laupacis A, et al.: Comparison of aspirin with placebo in patients treated with warfarin after heart-valve replacement. N Engl J Med 1993, 329:524\u2013529.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"26_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.9.2113","volume":"94","author":"R Altman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Altman R, Rouvier J, Gurfinkel E, et al.: Comparison of highdose with low-dose aspirin in patients with mechanical heart valve replacement treated with oral anticoagulant. Circulation 1996, 94 2113\u20132116.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"26_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(95)90365-8","volume":"130","author":"J Cappelleri","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cappelleri J, Fiore L, Brophy M, et al.: Efficacy and safety of combined anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy versus anticoagulant monotherapy after mechanical heart-valve replacement: a meta analysis Am Heart J 1995, 130:547\u2013552.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"26_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507063330103","volume":"333","author":"S Cannegieter","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cannegieter S, Rosendaal F, Wintzen A, et al.: Optimal oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with mechanical heart valves. N Engl J Med 1995, 333 11\u201317.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"26_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.9.2107","volume":"94","author":"J Acar","year":"1996","unstructured":"Acar J, Iung B, Boissel J, et al.: AREVA: Multicenter randomized comparison of low-dose versus standard dose anticoagulation in patients with mechanical heart valves. Circulation 1996, 94:2107\u20132112.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"26_CR40","first-page":"1077","volume-title":"Heart Disease, A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine","author":"A Karchmer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Karchmer A: Infective endocarditis. In Heart Disease, A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine: Edited by Braunwald E. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1997:1077\u20131104."},{"key":"26_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197807000-00004","volume":"57","author":"A Pruitt","year":"1978","unstructured":"Pruitt A, Rubin R, Karchmer A, et al.: Neurologic complications of bacterial endocarditis. Medicine 1978, 57 329\u2013343.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"26_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.5.473","volume":"159","author":"P Tornos","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tornos P, Almirante B, Mirabet S, et al.: Infective endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus: deleterious effect of anticoagulant therapy. Arch Inten Med 1999, 159:473\u2013475.","journal-title":"Arch Inten Med"},{"key":"26_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.8.1579","volume":"93","author":"M Hojnik","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hojnik M, George J, Ziporen L, Shoenfeld Y: Heart valve involvement (Libman-Sacks endocarditis) in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Circulation 1996, 93:1579\u20131587.","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Current Cardiology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11886-000-0026-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11886-000-0026-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11886-000-0026-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T19:49:34Z","timestamp":1559418574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11886-000-0026-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]}},"alternative-id":["26"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11886-000-0026-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3782","1534-3170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3782","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]}}}