{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T15:34:42Z","timestamp":1780760082531,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]],"date-time":"2015-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433203200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Cardiol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-015-0611-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T05:14:35Z","timestamp":1433135675000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Limb Ischemia: Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Management from Head to Toe"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sreekanth","family":"Vemulapalli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manesh R.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Schuyler","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"611_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.187998","volume":"117","author":"W Rosamond","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rosamond W, Flegal K, Furie K, Go A, Greenlund K, Haase N, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20132008 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2008;117:e25\u2013e146.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"611_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31824c39ba","volume":"125","author":"AT Hirsch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hirsch AT, Allison MA, Gomes AS, Corriere MA, Duval S, Ershow AG, et al. A call to action: women and peripheral artery disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012;125:1449\u201372.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"611_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.11.1197","volume":"297","author":"PG Steg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Steg PG, Bhatt DL, Wilson PW, D\u2019Agostino Sr R, Ohman EM, Rother J, et al. One-year cardiovascular event rates in outpatients with atherothrombosis. Jama. 2007;297:1197\u2013206.","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"611_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.11.1317","volume":"286","author":"AT Hirsch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hirsch AT, Criqui MH, Treat-Jacobson D, Regensteiner JG, Creager MA, Olin JW, et al. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care. Jama. 2001;286:1317\u201324.","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"Suppl S","key":"611_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.12.037","volume":"45","author":"L Norgren","year":"2007","unstructured":"Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy JA, Nehler MR, Harris KA, Fowkes FG, et al. Inter-society consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (tasc ii). J Vasc Surg. 2007;45(Suppl S):S5\u2013S67.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e463","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174526","volume":"113","author":"AT Hirsch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL, et al. Acc\/aha 2005 practice guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery\/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC\/AHA Task Force on practice guidelines (writing committee to develop guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease): endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; Transatlantic Inter-society Consensus; and Vascular Disease Foundation. Circulation. 2006;113:e463\u2013654.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"611_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2014.03.290","volume":"60","author":"MR Nehler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nehler MR, Duval S, Diao L, Annex BH, Hiatt WR, Rogers K, et al. Epidemiology of peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischemia in an insured national population. J Vasc Surg. 2014;60:686\u201395.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2012.12.002","volume":"165","author":"WS Jones","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jones WS, Patel MR, Dai D, Vemulapalli S, Subherwal S, Stafford J, et al. High mortality risks after major lower extremity amputation in medicare patients with peripheral artery disease. Am Heart J. 2013;165:809\u201315. 815 e801.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"611_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1044","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00773.2004","volume":"288","author":"P Coats","year":"2005","unstructured":"Coats P, Wadsworth R. Marriage of resistance and conduit arteries breeds critical limb ischemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005;288:H1044\u201350.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"611_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.6.807","volume":"99","author":"HK Bhat","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bhat HK, Hiatt WR, Hoppel CL, Brass EP. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA injury in patients with unilateral peripheral arterial disease. Circulation. 1999;99:807\u201312.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"611_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.12.069","volume":"47","author":"DC Isbell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Isbell DC, Berr SS, Toledano AY, Epstein FH, Meyer CH, Rogers WJ, et al. Delayed calf muscle phosphocreatine recovery after exercise identifies peripheral arterial disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:2289\u201395.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"611_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.01.080","volume":"54","author":"JD Anderson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Anderson JD, Epstein FH, Meyer CH, Hagspiel KD, Wang H, Berr SS, et al. Multifactorial determinants of functional capacity in peripheral arterial disease: uncoupling of calf muscle perfusion and metabolism. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:628\u201335.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"611_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.5.536","volume":"295","author":"NA Khan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Khan NA, Rahim SA, Anand SS, Simel DL, Panju A. Does the clinical examination predict lower extremity peripheral arterial disease? Jama. 2006;295:536\u201346.","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"611_CR14","unstructured":"Patel MR, Conte MS, Cutlip DE, Dib N, Geraghty P, Gray W et al. Consensus definitions for evaluation of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: the peripheral academic research consortium (parc). J Am Coll Cardiol. in press"},{"key":"611_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mills JL Sr., Conte MS, Armstrong DG, Pomposelli FB, Schanzer A, Sidawy AN et al. The society for vascular surgery lower extremity threatened limb classification system: risk stratification based on wound, ischemia, and foot infection (wifi). J Vasc Surg. 2014;59:220\u2013234 e221-222. This manuscript describes the WIFI risk classification system for limb ischemia, as well as its predictive ability for major adverse limb events.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.08.003"},{"key":"611_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2001.01738.x","volume":"88","author":"J Connelly","year":"2001","unstructured":"Connelly J, Airey M, Chell S. Variation in clinical decision making is a partial explanation for geographical variation in lower extremity amputation rates. Br J Surg. 2001;88:529\u201335.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"611_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-5884(05)80136-4","volume":"9","author":"MM Thompson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Thompson MM, Sayers RD, Reid A, Underwood MJ, Bell PR. Quality of life following infragenicular bypass and lower limb amputation. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg. 1995;9:310\u20133.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.07.099","volume":"55","author":"M Bosiers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bosiers M, Scheinert D, Peeters P, Torsello G, Zeller T, Deloose K, et al. Randomized comparison of everolimus-eluting versus bare-metal stents in patients with critical limb ischemia and infrapopliteal arterial occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg. 2012;55:390\u20138.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.24485","volume":"80","author":"KJ Rocha-Singh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rocha-Singh KJ, Jaff M, Joye J, Laird J, Ansel G, Schneider P, et al. Major adverse limb events and wound healing following infrapopliteal artery stent implantation in patients with critical limb ischemia: the xcell trial. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv Off J Soc Card Angiograph Interv. 2012;80:1042\u201351.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv Off J Soc Card Angiograph Interv"},{"key":"611_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67704-5","volume":"366","author":"DJ Adam","year":"2005","unstructured":"Adam DJ, Beard JD, Cleveland T, Bell J, Bradbury AW, Forbes JF, et al. Bypass versus angioplasty in severe ischaemia of the leg (basil): multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366:1925\u201334.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"611_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.01.074","volume":"51","author":"AW Bradbury","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bradbury AW, Adam DJ, Bell J, Forbes JF, Fowkes FG, Gillespie I, et al. Bypass versus angioplasty in severe ischaemia of the leg (basil) trial: analysis of amputation free and overall survival by treatment received. J Vasc Surg. 2010;51:18S\u201331S.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.01.073","volume":"51","author":"AW Bradbury","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bradbury AW, Adam DJ, Bell J, Forbes JF, Fowkes FG, Gillespie I, et al. Bypass versus angioplasty in severe ischaemia of the leg (basil) trial: an intention-to-treat analysis of amputation-free and overall survival in patients randomized to a bypass surgery-first or a balloon angioplasty-first revascularization strategy. J Vasc Surg. 2010;51:5S\u201317S.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2004.01.031","volume":"39","author":"A Bradbury","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bradbury A, Wilmink T, Lee AJ, Bell J, Prescott R, Gillespie I, et al. Bypass versus angioplasty to treat severe limb ischemia: factors that affect treatment preferences of UK surgeons and interventional radiologists. J Vasc Surg. 2004;39:1026\u201332.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.962233","volume":"5","author":"PP Goodney","year":"2012","unstructured":"Goodney PP, Travis LL, Nallamothu BK, Holman K, Suckow B, Henke PK, et al. Variation in the use of lower extremity vascular procedures for critical limb ischemia. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2012;5:94\u2013102.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"611_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2008.08.022","volume":"23","author":"RF Neville","year":"2009","unstructured":"Neville RF, Attinger CE, Bulan EJ, Ducic I, Thomassen M, Sidawy AN. Revascularization of a specific angiosome for limb salvage: does the target artery matter? Ann Vasc Surg. 2009;23:367\u201373.","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.22319","volume":"75","author":"O Iida","year":"2010","unstructured":"Iida O, Nanto S, Uematsu M, Ikeoka K, Okamoto S, Dohi T, et al. Importance of the angiosome concept for endovascular therapy in patients with critical limb ischemia. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv Off J Soc Cardiac Angiograph Interv. 2010;75:830\u20136.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv Off J Soc Cardiac Angiograph Interv"},{"key":"611_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.03.026","volume":"44","author":"WA Marston","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marston WA, Davies SW, Armstrong B, Farber MA, Mendes RC, Fulton JJ, et al. Natural history of limbs with arterial insufficiency and chronic ulceration treated without revascularization. J Vasc Surg. 2006;44:108\u201314.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.1.86","volume":"290","author":"JA Critchley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Critchley JA, Capewell S. Mortality risk reduction associated with smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review. Jama. 2003;290:86\u201397.","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"611_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530020073035","volume":"274","author":"SG Wannamethee","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Whincup PH, Walker M. Smoking cessation and the risk of stroke in middle-aged men. Jama. 1995;274:155\u201360.","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"611_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.10.023","volume":"204","author":"PP Cacoub","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cacoub PP, Abola MT, Baumgartner I, Bhatt DL, Creager MA, Liau CS, et al. Cardiovascular risk factor control and outcomes in peripheral artery disease patients in the reduction of atherothrombosis for continued health (reach) registry. Atherosclerosis. 2009;204:e86\u201392.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"611_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000697","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000697","volume":"3","author":"EJ Armstrong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Armstrong EJ, Chen DC, Westin GG, Singh S, McCoach CE, Bang H, et al. Adherence to guideline-recommended therapy is associated with decreased major adverse cardiovascular events and major adverse limb events among patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3:e000697. This study describes the efficacy of medical therapy for cardiovascular event prevention in patients with PAD.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"611_CR32","volume":"12","author":"DA Lane","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lane DA, Lip GY. Treatment of hypertension in peripheral arterial disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;12, CD003075.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"611_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht151","volume":"34","author":"G Mancia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redon J, Zanchetti A, Bohm M, et al. 2013 ESH\/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2013;34:2159\u2013219.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"611_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-014-2947-1","volume":"29","author":"LB Piller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Piller LB, Simpson LM, Baraniuk S, Habib GB, Rahman M, Basile JN, et al. Characteristics and long-term follow-up of participants with peripheral arterial disease during ALLHAT. J Gen Intern Med. 2014;29:1475\u201383.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"611_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7329.71","volume":"324","author":"Antithrombotic Trialists C","year":"2002","unstructured":"Antithrombotic Trialists C. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ. 2002;324:71\u201386.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"611_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)09457-3","volume":"348","author":"Committee CS","year":"1996","unstructured":"Committee CS. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (caprie). Caprie steering committee. Lancet. 1996;348:1329\u201339.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"611_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel MR, Becker RC, Wojdyla DM, Emanuelsson H, Hiatt WR, Horrow J et al. Cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome patients with peripheral arterial disease treated with ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel: data from the plato trial. Eur J Prevent Cardiol. 2014","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487314533215"},{"key":"611_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000679","volume":"127","author":"MP Bonaca","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bonaca MP, Scirica BM, Creager MA, Olin J, Bounameaux H, Dellborg M, et al. Vorapaxar in patients with peripheral artery disease: results from tra2{degrees}p-timi 50. Circulation. 2013;127:1522\u20139.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"611_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2014.06.017","volume":"168","author":"WS Jones","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jones WS, Tricoci P, Huang Z, Moliterno DJ, Harrington RA, Sinnaeve PR, et al. Vorapaxar in patients with peripheral artery disease and acute coronary syndrome: insights from thrombin receptor antagonist for clinical event reduction in acute coronary syndrome (tracer). Am Heart J. 2014;168:588\u201396.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"611_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09327-3","volume":"360","author":"Heart Protection Study Collaborative G","year":"2002","unstructured":"Heart Protection Study Collaborative G. Mrc\/bhf heart protection study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360:7\u201322.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"611_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2011.85","volume":"19","author":"A Niebuhr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Niebuhr A, Henry T, Goldman J, Baumgartner I, van Belle E, Gerss J, et al. Long-term safety of intramuscular gene transfer of non-viral fgf1 for peripheral artery disease. Gene Ther. 2012;19:264\u201370.","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"611_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.219550","volume":"31","author":"R Morishita","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morishita R, Makino H, Aoki M, Hashiya N, Yamasaki K, Azuma J, et al. Phase i\/iia clinical trial of therapeutic angiogenesis using hepatocyte growth factor gene transfer to treat critical limb ischemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011;31:713\u201320.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"611_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2011.109","volume":"19","author":"K Muona","year":"2012","unstructured":"Muona K, Makinen K, Hedman M, Manninen H, Yla-Herttuala S. 10-year safety follow-up in patients with local VEGF gene transfer to ischemic lower limb. Gene Ther. 2012;19:392\u20135.","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"611_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.07.044","volume":"52","author":"RJ Powell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Powell RJ, Goodney P, Mendelsohn FO, Moen EK, Annex BH, Investigators HGFT. Safety and efficacy of patient specific intramuscular injection of HGF plasmid gene therapy on limb perfusion and wound healing in patients with ischemic lower extremity ulceration: results of the hgf-0205 trial. J Vasc Surg. 2010;52:1525\u201330.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.727347","volume":"118","author":"RJ Powell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Powell RJ, Simons M, Mendelsohn FO, Daniel G, Henry TD, Koga M, et al. Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the safety of intramuscular injection of hepatocyte growth factor plasmid to improve limb perfusion in patients with critical limb ischemia. Circulation. 2008;118:58\u201365.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"611_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2010.51","volume":"17","author":"H Shigematsu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shigematsu H, Yasuda K, Iwai T, Sasajima T, Ishimaru S, Ohashi Y, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of hepatocyte growth factor plasmid for critical limb ischemia. Gene Ther. 2010;17:1152\u201361.","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"611_CR47","first-page":"197","volume":"9","author":"H Gabr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gabr H, Hedayet A, Imam U, Nasser M. Limb salvage using intramuscular injection of unfractionated autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in critical limb ischemia: a prospective pilot clinical trial. Exp Clin Transplant Off J Middle East Soc Org Transplant. 2011;9:197\u2013202.","journal-title":"Exp Clin Transplant Off J Middle East Soc Org Transplant"},{"key":"611_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2009.10.012","volume":"24","author":"R Lara-Hernandez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lara-Hernandez R, Lozano-Vilardell P, Blanes P, Torreguitart-Mirada N, Galmes A, Besalduch J. Safety and efficacy of therapeutic angiogenesis as a novel treatment in patients with critical limb ischemia. Ann Vasc Surg. 2010;24:287\u201394.","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.08.033","volume":"209","author":"GP Fadini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fadini GP, Agostini C, Avogaro A. Autologous stem cell therapy for peripheral arterial disease meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. Atherosclerosis. 2010;209:10\u20137.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"611_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2004.01.019","volume":"39","author":"JJ Earnshaw","year":"2004","unstructured":"Earnshaw JJ, Whitman B, Foy C. National audit of thrombolysis for acute leg ischemia (natali): clinical factors associated with early outcome. J Vasc Surg. 2004;39:1018\u201325.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000086663.49670.d1","volume":"238","author":"JL Eliason","year":"2003","unstructured":"Eliason JL, Wainess RM, Proctor MC, Dimick JB, Cowan Jr JA, Upchurch Jr GR, et al. A national and single institutional experience in the contemporary treatment of acute lower extremity ischemia. Ann Surg. 2003;238:382\u20139. discussion 389\u2013390.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"611_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003543","volume":"128","author":"R Korabathina","year":"2013","unstructured":"Korabathina R, Weintraub AR, Price LL, Kapur NK, Kimmelstiel CD, Iafrati MD, et al. Twenty-year analysis of trends in the incidence and in-hospital mortality for lower-extremity arterial thromboembolism. Circulation. 2013;128:115\u201321. This study describes the changing epidemiology of acute limb ischemia in the United States.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"611_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2014.03.244","volume":"60","author":"DT Baril","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baril DT, Ghosh K, Rosen AB. Trends in the incidence, treatment, and outcomes of acute lower extremity ischemia in the united states medicare population. J Vasc Surg. 2014;60:669\u201377.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Results of a prospective randomized trial evaluating surgery versus thrombolysis for ischemia of the lower extremity. The stile trial. Ann Surg. 1994;220:251\u2013266; discussion 266\u2013258","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199409000-00003"},{"key":"611_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-821X(05)80239-7","volume":"6","author":"L Nilsson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nilsson L, Albrechtsson U, Jonung T, Ribbe E, Thorvinger B, Thorne J, et al. Surgical treatment versus thrombolysis in acute arterial occlusion: a randomised controlled study. Eur J Vasc Surg. 1992;6:189\u201393.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199804163381603","volume":"338","author":"K Ouriel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ouriel K, Veith FJ, Sasahara AA. A comparison of recombinant urokinase with vascular surgery as initial treatment for acute arterial occlusion of the legs. Thrombolysis or peripheral arterial surgery (topas) investigators. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1105\u201311.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"611_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(98)00175-0","volume":"142","author":"DA Tsakiris","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tsakiris DA, Tschopl M, Jager K, Haefeli WE, Wolf F, Marbet GA. Circulating cell adhesion molecules and endothelial markers before and after transluminal angioplasty in peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Atherosclerosis. 1999;142:193\u2013200.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"611_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3208","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.17.11.3208","volume":"17","author":"M Tschopl","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tschopl M, Tsakiris DA, Marbet GA, Labs KH, Jager K. Role of hemostatic risk factors for restenosis in peripheral arterial occlusive disease after transluminal angioplasty. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997;17:3208\u201314.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"611_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1177\/152660280301000219","volume":"10","author":"M Schillinger","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schillinger M, Mlekusch W, Haumer M, Sabeti S, Ahmadi R, Minar E. Angioplasty and elective stenting of de novo versus recurrent femoropopliteal lesions: 1-year follow-up. J Endovasc Ther Off J Int Soc Endovasc Specialists. 2003;10:288\u201397.","journal-title":"J Endovasc Ther Off J Int Soc Endovasc Specialists"},{"key":"611_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.03.034","volume":"61","author":"MD Dake","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dake MD, Ansel GM, Jaff MR, Ohki T, Saxon RR, Smouse HB, et al. Sustained safety and effectiveness of paclitaxel-eluting stents for femoropopliteal lesions: 2-year follow-up from the zilver ptx randomized and single-arm clinical studies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:2417\u201327.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"611_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2005.11.048","volume":"43","author":"R Pulli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pulli R, Dorigo W, Troisi N, Innocenti AA, Pratesi G, Azas L, et al. Surgical management of popliteal artery aneurysms: which factors affect outcomes? J Vasc Surg. 2006;43:481\u20137.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-5884(98)80223-2","volume":"16","author":"ST Duffy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Duffy ST, Colgan MP, Sultan S, Moore DJ, Shanik GD. Popliteal aneurysms: a 10-year experience. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg. 1998;16:218\u201322.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905561","volume":"361","author":"SJ Connolly","year":"2009","unstructured":"Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, Parekh A, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1139\u201351.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"611_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107039","volume":"365","author":"CB Granger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, Lopes RD, Hylek EM, Hanna M, et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:981\u201392.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"611_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2014.06.013","volume":"168","author":"S Duval","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duval S, Keo HH, Oldenburg NC, Baumgartner I, Jaff MR, Peacock JM, et al. The impact of prolonged lower limb ischemia on amputation, mortality, and functional status: the friends registry. Am Heart J. 2014;168:577\u201387. This manuscript describes a single center description of the epidemiology of limb ischemia as well as the importance of time to treatment for outcomes in acute limb ischemia.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"611_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(97)70045-4","volume":"26","author":"RB Rutherford","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rutherford RB, Baker JD, Ernst C, Johnston KW, Porter JM, Ahn S, et al. Recommended standards for reports dealing with lower extremity ischemia: revised version. J Vasc Surg. 1997;26:517\u201338.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e669S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2307","volume":"141","author":"P Alonso-Coello","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alonso-Coello P, Bellmunt S, McGorrian C, Anand SS, Guzman R, Criqui MH, et al. Antithrombotic therapy in peripheral artery disease: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of chest physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012;141:e669S\u201390S.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"611_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(94)70214-4","volume":"19","author":"K Ouriel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ouriel K, Shortell CK, DeWeese JA, Green RM, Francis CW, Azodo MV, et al. A comparison of thrombolytic therapy with operative revascularization in the initial treatment of acute peripheral arterial ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 1994;19:1021\u201330.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR69","volume":"6","author":"DC Berridge","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berridge DC, Kessel DO, Robertson I. Surgery versus thrombolysis for initial management of acute limb ischaemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;6, CD002784.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"611_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2010.03.020","volume":"21","author":"RD Raabe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raabe RD. Ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis in arterial and venous peripheral occlusions: fibrinogen level effects. J Vasc Interv Radiol: JVIR. 2010;21:1165\u201372.","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol: JVIR"},{"key":"611_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.715433","volume":"116","author":"JH Rogers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rogers JH, Laird JR. Overview of new technologies for lower extremity revascularization. Circulation. 2007;116:2072\u201385.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"611_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2003.10.061","volume":"39","author":"TP Sarac","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sarac TP, Hilleman D, Arko FR, Zarins CK, Ouriel K. Clinical and economic evaluation of the trellis thrombectomy device for arterial occlusions: preliminary analysis. J Vasc Surg. 2004;39:556\u20139.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semvascsurg.2009.01.001","volume":"22","author":"JL Eliason","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eliason JL, Wakefield TW. Metabolic consequences of acute limb ischemia and their clinical implications. Semin Vasc Surg. 2009;22:29\u201333.","journal-title":"Semin Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.12.050","volume":"45","author":"IS Currie","year":"2007","unstructured":"Currie IS, Wakelin SJ, Lee AJ, Chalmers RT. Plasma creatine kinase indicates major amputation or limb preservation in acute lower limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2007;45:733\u20139.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"611_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003798","volume":"128","author":"S Vemulapalli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vemulapalli S, Curtis LH. Putting the vascular back into cardiovascular research: ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction as a blueprint for improving care in patients with acute limb ischemia. Circulation. 2013;128:89\u201391.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"611_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodney PP, Tarulli M, Faerber AE, Schanzer A, Zwolak RM. Fifteen-year trends in lower limb amputation, revascularization, and preventive measures among medicare patients. JAMA Surg. 2014","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2014.1007"},{"key":"611_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.04.018","volume":"62","author":"S Subherwal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Subherwal S, Patel MR, Tang F, Smolderen KG, Jones WS, Tsai TT, et al. Socioeconomic disparities in the use of cardioprotective medications among patients with peripheral artery disease: an analysis of the American College of Cardiology\u2019s Ncdr Pinnacle Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:51\u20137.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"611_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.113.000376","volume":"7","author":"S Vemulapalli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vemulapalli S, Greiner MA, Jones WS, Patel MR, Hernandez AF, Curtis LH. Peripheral arterial testing before lower extremity amputation among medicare beneficiaries, 2000 to 2010. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2014;7:142\u201350. This manuscript describes incomplete use of guideline directed vascular testing prior to lower extremity amputation.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"611_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.20.joc70124","volume":"298","author":"JG Jollis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jollis JG, Roettig ML, Aluko AO, Anstrom KJ, Applegate RJ, Babb JD, et al. Reperfusion of Acute Myocardial Infarction in North Carolina Emergency Departments I. Implementation of a statewide system for coronary reperfusion for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Jama. 2007;298:2371\u201380.","journal-title":"Jama"}],"container-title":["Current Cardiology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11886-015-0611-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11886-015-0611-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11886-015-0611-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,9]],"date-time":"2024-06-09T08:40:44Z","timestamp":1717922444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11886-015-0611-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["611"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11886-015-0611-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3782","1534-3170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3782","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]]},"article-number":"57"}}