{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:58:20Z","timestamp":1785308300212,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]],"date-time":"2018-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539216000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Cardiol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-018-1085-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]],"date-time":"2018-10-11T04:38:45Z","timestamp":1539232725000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Role of Echocardiography in Assessment of Cardioembolic Sources: a Strong Diagnostic Resource in Patients with Ischemic Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Luca","family":"Longobardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concetta","family":"Zito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scipione","family":"Carerj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Caracciolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Umland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bijoy K.","family":"Khandheria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1085_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000558","volume":"137","author":"EJ Benjamin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2018 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018;137:e67\u2013492 Erratum in: Circulation. 2018;137:e493.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1085_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2011.01.005","volume":"21","author":"L Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang L, Harrison JK, Goldstein LB. Echocardiography for the detection of cardiac sources of embolism in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2012;21:577\u201382.","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"1085_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jeq045","volume":"11","author":"M Pepi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pepi M, Evangelista A, Nihoyannopoulos P, Flachskampf FA, Athanassopoulos G, Colonna P, et al. Recommendations for echocardiography use in the diagnosis and management of cardiac sources of embolism: European Association of Echocardiography (EAE) (a registered branch of the ESC). Eur J Echocardiogr. 2010;11:461\u201376.","journal-title":"Eur J Echocardiogr"},{"key":"1085_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-006-0009-9","volume":"8","author":"B Murtagh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Murtagh B, Smalling RW. Cardioembolic stroke. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2006;8:310\u20136.","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"1085_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1311376","volume":"370","author":"DJ Gladstone","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gladstone DJ, Spring M, Dorian P, Panzov V, Thorpe KE, Hall J, et al. Atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:2467\u201377.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"37","key":"1085_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw210","volume":"2016","author":"P Kirchhof","year":"2016","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, Ahlsson A, Atar D, Casadei B, et al. ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J. 2016;2016(37):2893\u2013962 These guidelines provide the most recent suggestions for the management of atrial fibrillation, including the identification of the fundamental role of echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of these patients.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1085_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105103441901","volume":"344","author":"AL Klein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Klein AL, Grimm RA, Murray RD, Apperson-Hansen C, Asinger RW, Black IW, et al. Use of transesophageal echocardiography to guide cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1411\u201320.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1085_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960250605","volume":"25","author":"S Carerj","year":"2002","unstructured":"Carerj S, Trifir\u00f3 MP, Granata A, Luzza F, Arrigo F, Oreto G. Comparison between transesophageal echocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography with harmonic tissue imaging for left atrial appendage assessment. Clin Cardiol. 2002;25:268\u201370.","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"1085_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acar J, Cormier B, Grimberg D, Kawthekar G, Iung B, Scheuer B, et al. Diagnosis of left atrial thrombi in mitral stenosis--usefulness of ultrasound techniques compared with other methods. Eur Heart J. 1991:12 Suppl B:70\u20136.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/12.suppl_B.70"},{"key":"1085_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00146-6","volume":"31","author":"M Zabalgoitia","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zabalgoitia M, Halperin JL, Pearce LA, Blackshear JL, Asinger RW, Hart RG. Transesophageal echocardiographic correlates of clinical risk of thromboembolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31:1622\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1085_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-014-9892-0","volume":"40","author":"M Hajjiri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hajjiri M, Bernstein S, Saric M, Benenstein R, Aizer A, Dym G, et al. Atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with known sludge in the left atrial appendage. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2014;40:147\u201351.","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"1085_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(96)90140-6","volume":"9","author":"T Tabata","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tabata T, Oki T, Fukuda N, Iuchi A, Manabe K, Kageji Y, et al. Influence of aging on left atrial appendage flow velocity patterns in normal subjects. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1996;9:274\u201380.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"1085_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90557-6","volume":"24","author":"D Santiago","year":"1994","unstructured":"Santiago D, Warshofsky M, Li Mandri G, Di Tullio M, Coromilas J, Reiffel J, et al. Left atrial appendage function and thrombus formation in atrial fibrillation-flutter: a transesophageal echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;24:159\u201364.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1085_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.04.032","volume":"60","author":"L Biase Di","year":"2012","unstructured":"Di Biase L, Santangeli P, Anselmino M, Mohanty P, Salvetti I, Gili S, et al. Does the left atrial appendage morphology correlate with the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation? Results from a multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:531\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1085_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2006.00181.x","volume":"23","author":"I Agoston","year":"2006","unstructured":"Agoston I, Xie T, Tiller FL, Rahman AM, Ahmad M. Assessment of left atrial appendage by live three-dimensional echocardiography: early experience and comparison with transesophageal echocardiography. Echocardiography. 2006;23:127\u201332.","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"1085_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2008.00758.x","volume":"25","author":"G Karakus","year":"2008","unstructured":"Karakus G, Kodali V, Inamdar V, Nanda NC, Suwanjutah T, Pothineni KR. Comparative assessment of left atrial appendage by transesophageal and combined two- and three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. Echocardiography. 2008;25:918\u201324.","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"1085_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm005","volume":"28","author":"F Thuny","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thuny F, Avierinos JF, Tribouilloy C, Giorgi R, Casalta JP, Milandre L, et al. Impact of cerebrovascular complications on mortality and neurologic outcome during infective endocarditis: a prospective multicentre study. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:1155\u201361.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1085_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv319","volume":"36","author":"G Habib","year":"2015","unstructured":"Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, Bongiorni MG, Casalta JP, Del Zotti F, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: the Task Force for the Management of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). Eur Heart J. 2015;36:3075\u2013128.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1085_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90104-6","volume":"14","author":"A M\u00fcgge","year":"1989","unstructured":"M\u00fcgge A, Daniel WG, Frank G, Lichtlen PR. Echocardiography in infective endocarditis: reassessment of prognostic implications of vegetation size determined by the transthoracic and the transesophageal approach. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989;14:631\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1085_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.09.065","volume":"43","author":"JN Kirkpatrick","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick JN, Wong T, Bednarz JE, Spencer KT, Sugeng L, Ward RP, et al. Differential diagnosis of cardiac masses using contrast echocardiographic perfusion imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1412\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1085_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(94)90143-0","volume":"96","author":"DT Durack","year":"1994","unstructured":"Durack DT, Lukes AS, Bright DK. New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis: utilization of specific echocardiographic findings. Duke Endocarditis Service. Am J Med. 1994;96:200\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"1085_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01206-7","volume":"37","author":"G Salvo Di","year":"2001","unstructured":"Di Salvo G, Habib G, Pergola V, Avierinos JF, Philip E, Casalta JP, et al. Echocardiography predicts embolic events in infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:1069\u201376.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1085_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-230","volume":"14","author":"M Rizzi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rizzi M, Ravasio V, Carobbio A, Mattucci I, Crapis M, Stellini R, et al. Predicting the occurrence of embolic events: an analysis of 1456 episodes of infective endocarditis from the Italian Study on Endocarditis (SEI). BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:230.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"1085_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.07.029","volume":"62","author":"S Hubert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hubert S, Thuny F, Resseguier N, Giorgi R, Tribouilloy C, Le Dolley Y, et al. Prediction of symptomatic embolism in infective endocarditis: construction and validation of a risk calculator in a multicenter cohort. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:1384\u201392.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1085_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.8653","volume":"178","author":"D Mohananey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mohananey D, Mohadjer A, Pettersson G, Navia J, Gordon S, Shrestha N, et al. Association of vegetation size with embolic risk in patients with infective endocarditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178:502\u201310.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"1085_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ235","volume":"61","author":"BR Palraj","year":"2015","unstructured":"Palraj BR, Baddour LM, Hess EP, Steckelberg JM, Wilson WR, Lahr BD, et al. Predicting Risk of Endocarditis Using a Clinical Tool (PREDICT): scoring system to guide use of echocardiography in the management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61:18\u201328.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1085_CR27","first-page":"204887261773580","volume":"1","author":"L Longobardo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Longobardo L, Klemm S, Cook M, Ravenna V, Brummitt CF, Mengesha T, et al. Risk assessment for infected endocarditis in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia patients: when is transesophageal echocardiography needed? Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2017;1:2048872617735809.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"key":"1085_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2015.02.011","volume":"28","author":"CA Roldan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roldan CA, Tolstrup K, Macias L, Qualls CR, Maynard D, Charlton G, et al. Libman-Sacks endocarditis: detection, characterization, and clinical correlates by three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28:770\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"1085_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512143332407","volume":"333","author":"K Reynen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Reynen K. Cardiac myxomas. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1610\u20137.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1085_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.22514","volume":"46","author":"AK Kalkan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kalkan AK, Uygur B, Karakayal\u0131 M, Kadirogullar\u0131 E, Erturk M. The advantages of live\/real-time three-dimensional echocardiograhy in the assessment of left ventricular myxoma, which causes partial left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. J Clin Ultrasound. 2018;46:273\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"1085_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90592-5","volume":"13","author":"BI Jugdutt","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jugdutt BI, Sivaram CA. Prospective two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular thrombus and embolism after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989;13:554\u201364.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1085_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2017.09.003","volume":"31","author":"H Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u2022 Zhao H, O\u2019Quinn R, Ambrose M, Jagasia D, Ky B, Wald J, et al. Contrast-enhanced echocardiography has the greatest impact in patients with reduced ejection fractions. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2018;31:289\u201396 This article summarizes the role of echo contrast in the everyday routine, particularly in patients with reduced EF.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"1085_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.2.635","volume":"89","author":"SC Cannegieter","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cannegieter SC, Rosendaal FR, Bri\u00ebt E. Thromboembolic and bleeding complications in patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses. Circulation. 1994;89:635\u201341.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1085_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.12721","volume":"32","author":"MO G\u00fcrsoy","year":"2015","unstructured":"G\u00fcrsoy MO, Kal\u00e7ik M, Karakoyun S, \u00d6zkan M. The current status of fluoroscopy and echocardiography in the diagnosis of prosthetic valve thrombosis-a review article. Echocardiography. 2015;32:156\u201364.","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"1085_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00607-4","volume":"85","author":"P Montorsi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Montorsi P, De Bernardi F, Muratori M, Cavoretto D, Pepi M. Role of cine-fluoroscopy, transthoracic, and transesophageal echocardiography in patients with suspected prosthetic heart valve thrombosis. Am J Cardiol. 2000 Jan;85:58\u201364.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"1085_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx391","volume":"38","author":"H Baumgartner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baumgartner H, Falk V, Bax JJ, De Bonis M, Hamm C, Holm PJ, et al. 2017 ESC\/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2017;38:2739\u201391.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1085_CR37","first-page":"E17","volume":"11","author":"M Ozkan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ozkan M, G\u00fcnd\u00fcz S, Yildiz M, Duran NE. Diagnosis of the prosthetic heart valve pannus formation with real-time three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2010;11:E17.","journal-title":"Eur J Echocardiogr"},{"key":"1085_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199605093341902","volume":"334","author":"P Amarenco","year":"1996","unstructured":"French Study of Aortic Plaques in Stroke Group, Amarenco P, Cohen A, Hommel M, Moulin T, Leys D, et al. Atherosclerotic disease of the aortic arch as a risk factor for recurrent ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1216\u201321.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1085_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-014-0502-0","volume":"30","author":"N Hammoudi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hammoudi N, Ihaddaden M, Lang S, Laveau F, Ederhy S, Michel PL, et al. Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography for descending aortic atheroma: a preliminary study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;30:1529\u201337.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"1085_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.03.003","volume":"27","author":"C Piazzese","year":"2014","unstructured":"Piazzese C, Tsang W, Sotaquira M, Kronzon I, Lang RM, Caiani EG. Semiautomated detection and quantification of aortic plaques from three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2014;27:758\u201366.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"1085_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60336-X","volume":"59","author":"PT Hagen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hagen PT, Scholz DG, Edwards WD. Incidence and size of patent foramen ovale during the first 10 decades of life: an autopsy study of 965 normal hearts. Mayo Clin Proc. 1984;59:17\u201320.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"1085_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa071422","volume":"357","author":"M Handke","year":"2007","unstructured":"Handke M, Harloff A, Olschewski M, Hetzel A, Geibel A. Patent foramen ovale and cryptogenic stroke in older patients. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:2262\u20138.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1085_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.10.044","volume":"47","author":"I Meissner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Meissner I, Khandheria BK, Heit JA, Petty GW, Sheps SG, Schwartz GL, et al. Patent foramen ovale: innocent or guilty? Evidence from a prospective population-based study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:440\u20135.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1085_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.03.064","volume":"62","author":"MR Tullio Di","year":"2013","unstructured":"Di Tullio MR, Jin Z, Russo C, Elkind MS, Rundek T, Yoshita M, et al. Patent foramen ovale, subclinical cerebrovascular disease, and ischemic stroke in a population-based cohort. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:35\u201341.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1085_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.12.059","volume":"71","author":"MK Mojadidi","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u2022 Mojadidi MK, Zaman MO, Elgendy IY, Mahmoud AN, Patel NK, Agarwal N, et al. Cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71:1035\u201343 This article provides the most recent data about the often-debated relationship between patent foramen ovale and stroke.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1085_CR46","first-page":"495","volume":"6","author":"AN Mahmoud","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mahmoud AN, Elgendy IY, Agarwal N, Tobis JM, Mojadidi MK. Identification and quantification of patent foramen ovale-mediated shunts: echocardiography and transcranial Doppler. Interv Cardiol Clin. 2017;6:495\u2013504.","journal-title":"Interv Cardiol Clin"},{"key":"1085_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00907-0","volume":"42","author":"S Homma","year":"2003","unstructured":"Homma S, Sacco RL, Di Tullio MR, Sciacca RR, Mohr JP. Atrial anatomy in non-cardioembolic stroke patients: effect of medical therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:1066\u201372.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1085_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.113.000807","volume":"7","author":"BS Wessler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wessler BS, Thaler DE, Ruthazer R, Weimar C, Di Tullio MR, Elkind MS, et al. Transesophageal echocardiography in cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale: analysis of putative high-risk features from the risk of paradoxical embolism database. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7:125\u201331.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"}],"container-title":["Current Cardiology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11886-018-1085-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11886-018-1085-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11886-018-1085-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T19:10:33Z","timestamp":1570734633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11886-018-1085-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11886-018-1085-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3782","1534-3170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3782","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 October 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"Luca Longobardo, Concetta Zito, Scipione Carerj, Giuseppe Caracciolo, Matt Umland, and Bijoy K. Khandheria declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"136"}}