{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:55:18Z","timestamp":1786982118969,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Cardiol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose of Review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this review, we discuss the status of novel radiation shielding and other methods to reduce radiation exposure and its associated health risks within the CCL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are many devices on the market each with its unique advantages and inherent flaws. Several are available for widespread use with promising data, while others still in development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The field of percutaneous transcatheter interventions includes complex procedures often involving significant radiation exposure. Increased radiation exposes the proceduralist and CCL staff to potential harm from both direct effects of radiation but also from the ergonomic consequences of daily use of heavy personal protective equipment. Here we discuss several innovative efforts to reduce both radiation exposure and orthopedic injury within the CCL that are available, leading to a safer daily routine in a \u201clead [apron]-free\u201d environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-024-02102-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T10:29:43Z","timestamp":1721903383000},"page":"1021-1029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Implementing a \u2018Lead [Apron]-Free\u2019 Cardiac Catheterization: Current Status"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Akash H.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yicheng","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morton J.","family":"Kern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2102_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LW, Klein, et al. SCAI multi-society position statement on occupational health hazards of the catheterization laboratory: shifting the paradigm for healthcare workers\u2019 protection. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(14):1718\u201324.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.02.015"},{"issue":"1","key":"2102_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v14.i1.1","volume":"14","author":"A Gutierrez-Barrios","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gutierrez-Barrios A, et al. Radiation protection for the interventional cardiologist: Practical approach and innovations. World J Cardiol. 2022;14(1):1.","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2102_CR3","first-page":"101040","volume":"2","author":"A Roguin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roguin A, et al. Update on Radiation Safety in the Cath Lab-Moving Toward a \u201cLead-Free\u201d Environment. J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv. 2023;2(4):101040.","journal-title":"J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv"},{"issue":"9","key":"2102_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.12.060","volume":"111","author":"A Roguin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roguin A, Goldstein J, Bar O, Goldstein JA. Brain and neck tumors among physicians performing interventional procedures. Am J Cardiol. 2013;111(9):1368\u201372.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2102_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2502082558","volume":"250","author":"LW Klein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Klein LW, et al. Occupational health hazards in the interventional laboratory: time for a safer environment. Radiol. 2009;250(2):538\u201344.","journal-title":"Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2102_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-022-02142-8","volume":"112","author":"VL Cammann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cammann VL, et al. Effectiveness of radiation protection systems in the cardiac catheterization laboratory: a comparative study. Clin Res Cardiol. 2023;112(5):605\u201313.","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"2102_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.08.1376","volume":"72","author":"R Wilson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wilson R, et al. A new device to markedly reduce cardiac Cath lab radiation levels. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(13):103.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2102_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003273","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.115.003273","volume":"9","author":"MG Andreassi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andreassi MG, et al. Occupational health risks in cardiac catheterization laboratory workers. Circ Cardiovasc Interventions. 2016;9(4):e003273.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interventions"},{"key":"2102_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SR, Dixon, et al. A novel catheterization laboratory radiation shielding system: results of pre-clinical testing. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2022;36:51\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.05.017"},{"key":"2102_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M, Rabah, et al. A novel comprehensive radiation shielding system eliminates need for personal lead aprons in the catheterization laboratory. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2023;101(1):79\u201386.","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.30490"},{"issue":"3","key":"2102_CR11","first-page":"100603","volume":"2","author":"DG Rizik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rizik DG, et al. Comprehensive radiation shield minimizes operator radiation exposure and obviates need for lead aprons. J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr & Interv. 2023;2(3):100603.","journal-title":"J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr & Interv"},{"key":"2102_CR12","first-page":"101184","volume":"13","author":"JC Lisko","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lisko JC, et al. Radiation Exposure Using Rampart vs Standard Lead Aprons and Shields During Invasive Cardiovascular Procedures. J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv. 2023;13:101184.","journal-title":"J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv"},{"issue":"3","key":"2102_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.4236\/ojrad.2013.33024","volume":"3","author":"C Savage","year":"2013","unstructured":"Savage C, et al. Evaluation of a suspended personal radiation protection system vs conventional apron and shields in clinical interventional procedures. Open J Radiol. 2013;3(3):143.","journal-title":"Open J Radiol"},{"key":"2102_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2015-012038","volume":"8","author":"DC Haussen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haussen DC, Van Der Bom IMJ, Nogueira RG. A prospective case control comparison of the ZeroGravity system versus a standard lead apron as radiation protection strategy in neuroendovascular procedures. J Neurointerventional Surg. 2015;8:1052.","journal-title":"J Neurointerventional Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2102_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.30047","volume":"99","author":"J Salcido-Rios","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salcido-Rios J, et al. Suspended lead suit and physician radiation doses during coronary angiography. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2022;99(4):981\u20138.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"6","key":"2102_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2015.04.005","volume":"42","author":"J Guersen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guersen J, et al. Use of a prototype radioprotection cabin in vascular neuroradiology: Dosimetry and ergonomics. J Neuroradiol. 2015;42(6):326\u201331.","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"15","key":"2102_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.12.045","volume":"61","author":"G Weisz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weisz G, et al. Safety and feasibility of robotic percutaneous coronary intervention: PRECISE (Percutaneous Robotically-Enhanced Coronary Intervention) Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(15):1596\u2013600.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2102_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.03.009","volume":"261","author":"A Laish-Farkash","year":"2023","unstructured":"Laish-Farkash A, et al. A novel robotic radiation shielding device for electrophysiologic procedures: A prospective study. Am Heart J. 2023;261:127\u201336.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2102_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.22947","volume":"79","author":"L Politi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Politi L, et al. Reduction of scatter radiation during transradial percutaneous coronary angiography: a randomized trial using a lead-free radiation shield. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;79(1):97\u2013102.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"4","key":"2102_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-017-4560-7","volume":"43","author":"B Kherad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kherad B, et al. Efficacy of RADPAD protective drape during coronary angiography. Herz. 2018;43(4):310\u20134.","journal-title":"Herz"},{"issue":"10","key":"2102_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.06.061","volume":"108","author":"JC Murphy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Murphy JC, et al. Efficacy of the RADPAD protective drape during real world complex percutaneous coronary intervention procedures. Am J Cardiol. 2011;108(10):1408\u201310.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2102_CR22","first-page":"41","volume":"64","author":"D Sharma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sharma D, et al. Efficacy of RADPAD\u00ae protection drape in reducing radiation exposure to the primary operator during Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Minerva Cardioangiologica. 2015;64(1):41\u20136.","journal-title":"Minerva Cardioangiologica"},{"issue":"11","key":"2102_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e006058","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.117.006058","volume":"10","author":"W Vlastra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vlastra W, et al. Efficacy of the RADPAD protection drape in reducing operators\u2019 radiation exposure in the catheterization laboratory: a sham-controlled randomized trial. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2017;10(11):e006058.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"}],"container-title":["Current Cardiology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11886-024-02102-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11886-024-02102-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11886-024-02102-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T07:54:03Z","timestamp":1725609243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11886-024-02102-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11886-024-02102-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3782","1534-3170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3782","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 July 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests..","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}