{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:12:14Z","timestamp":1793293934278,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Cardiol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose of Review<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To examine the concept of time in target range for blood pressure (BP) management, exploring its calculation methods, implications for patient outcomes, and potential use in patient care.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Recent post-hoc analyses of clinical trials and observational studies highlight the importance of BP time in target range in predicting cardiovascular outcomes. Higher time in target range correlates with reduced risks of major adverse cardiovascular events including heart failure, stroke, myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality. Additionally, longer time in target range decreases the risk of incident atrial fibrillation and risk of developing dementia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>BP time in target range is a novel metric offering valuable insights into BP control and its impact on clinical outcomes. Higher time in target range is consistently associated with better cardiovascular outcomes across various patient populations. However, the clinical application of BP time in target range requires further investigation through prospective clinical trials and real-world studies. Integrating wearable devices for continuous BP monitoring could enhance the practical utility of BP time in target range in hypertension management.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-024-02111-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T11:02:24Z","timestamp":1723633344000},"page":"1145-1151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Blood Pressure Time in Target Range and its Impact on Clinical Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Astefanos","family":"Al-Dalakta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chadi","family":"Tabaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issam","family":"Motairek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdel Hadi","family":"El Hajjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neel","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"St. John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke J.","family":"Laffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2111_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0244-2","volume":"16","author":"KT Mills","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mills KT, Stefanescu A, He J. The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16:223\u201337.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2111_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.14545","volume":"324","author":"P Muntner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muntner P, Hardy ST, Fine LJ, Jaeger BC, Wozniak G, Levitan EB, Colantonio LD. Trends in blood pressure control among US adults with hypertension, 1999\u20132000 to 2017\u20132018. JAMA. 2020;324:1190\u2013200.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2111_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-024-01622-w","volume":"47","author":"K Kario","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kario K, Okura A, Hoshide S, Mogi M. The WHO Global report 2023 on hypertension warning the emerging hypertension burden in globe and its treatment strategy. Hypertens Res. 2024;47:1099\u2013102.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"2111_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.13551","volume":"320","author":"Y Yano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yano Y, Reis JP, Colangelo LA, et al. Association of blood pressure classification in young adults using the 2017 American college of cardiology\/American heart association blood pressure guideline with cardiovascular events later in life. JAMA. 2018;320:1774\u201382.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2111_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.16501","volume":"320","author":"JS Son","year":"2018","unstructured":"Son JS, Choi S, Kim K, et al. Association of blood pressure classification in Korean young adults according to the 2017 American college of cardiology\/American heart association guidelines with subsequent cardiovascular disease events. JAMA. 2018;320:1783\u201392.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2111_CR6","unstructured":"A Randomized Trial of Intensive versus Standard Blood-Pressure Control | New England Journal of Medicine.\u00a0https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1511939  . Accessed 19 Jun 2024"},{"key":"2111_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001159","volume":"35","author":"J Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang J, Shi X, Ma C, Zheng H, Xiao J, Bian H, Ma Z, Gong L. Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability is a risk factor for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens. 2017;35:10\u20137.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2111_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.0751","volume":"4","author":"D Clark","year":"2019","unstructured":"Clark D, Nicholls SJ, St John J, Elshazly MB, Ahmed HM, Khraishah H, Nissen SE, Puri R. Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability, coronary atheroma progression, and clinical outcomes. JAMA Cardiol. 2019;4:437\u201343.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2111_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.750000","volume":"118","author":"SJ Connolly","year":"2008","unstructured":"Connolly SJ, Pogue J, Eikelboom J, Flaker G, Commerford P, Franzosi MG, Healey JS, Yusuf S, ACTIVE W Investigators. Benefit of oral anticoagulant over antiplatelet therapy in atrial fibrillation depends on the quality of international normalized ratio control achieved by centers and countries as measured by time in therapeutic range. Circulation. 2008;118:2029\u201337.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2111_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42269","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042269","volume":"7","author":"PMG Erkens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Erkens PMG, ten Cate H, B\u00fcller HR, Prins MH. Benchmark for time in therapeutic range in venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012;7:e42269.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2111_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0188482","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188482","volume":"12","author":"AS Vestergaard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vestergaard AS, Skj\u00f8th F, Larsen TB, Ehlers LH. The importance of mean time in therapeutic range for complication rates in warfarin therapy of patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0188482.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2111_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1023\/B:THRO.0000011377.78585.63","volume":"15","author":"L Schmitt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schmitt L, Speckman J, Ansell J. Quality assessment of anticoagulation dose management: comparative evaluation of measures of time-in-therapeutic range. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2003;15:213\u20136.","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"2111_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1651587","volume":"69","author":"FR Rosendaal","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rosendaal FR, Cannegieter SC, van der Meer FJ, Bri\u00ebt E. A method to determine the optimal intensity of oral anticoagulant therapy. Thromb Haemost. 1993;69:236\u20139.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2111_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0202359","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202359","volume":"13","author":"S-C Chung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chung S-C, Pujades-Rodriguez M, Duyx B, Denaxas SC, Pasea L, Hingorani A, Timmis A, Williams B, Hemingway H. Time spent at blood pressure target and the risk of death and cardiovascular diseases. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0202359.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2111_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e007131","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007131","volume":"6","author":"M Doumas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Doumas M, Tsioufis C, Fletcher R, Amdur R, Faselis C, Papademetriou V. Time in therapeutic range, as a determinant of all-cause mortality in patients with hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6:e007131.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2111_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.01.014","volume":"77","author":"N Fatani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fatani N, Dixon DL, Van Tassell BW, Fanikos J, Buckley LF. Systolic blood pressure time in target range and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77:1290\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2111_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20141","volume":"80","author":"LF Buckley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Buckley LF, Baker WL, Van Tassell BW, Cohen JB, Alkhezi O, Bress AP, Dixon DL. Systolic blood pressure time in target range and major adverse kidney and cardiovascular events. Hypertension. 2023;80:305\u201313.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2111_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110600","volume":"198","author":"K Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen K, Wu Z, Shi R, Wang Q, Yuan X, Wu G, Shi G, Li C, Chen T. Longer time in blood pressure target range improves cardiovascular outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2023;198:110600.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2111_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad083","volume":"30","author":"Z Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin Z, Xiao Z, Chen W, et al. Association of long-term time in target range for systolic blood pressure with cardiovascular risk in the elderly: a Chinese veteran cohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2023;30:969\u201377.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2111_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2022.01.010","volume":"10","author":"K Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen K, Li C, Cornelius V, et al. Prognostic value of time in blood pressure target range among patients with heart failure. JACC Heart Fail. 2022;10:369\u201379.","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2111_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e022765","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.022765","volume":"11","author":"R Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang R, Lin Y, Liu M, Xiong Z, Zhang S, Zhong X, Ye X, Huang Y, Zhuang X, Liao X. Time in target range for systolic blood pressure and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11:e022765.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2111_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21651","volume":"80","author":"J Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang J, Jiang C, Li S, et al. Systolic blood pressure time in target range and incident atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension: insights from the SPRINT trial. Hypertension. 2023;80:2306\u201314.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2111_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.08.802","volume":"80","author":"F Mahfoud","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahfoud F, Mancia G, Schmieder RE, et al. Cardiovascular risk reduction after renal denervation according to time in therapeutic systolic blood pressure range. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;80:1871\u201380.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2111_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4249","volume":"323","author":"D Hughes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hughes D, Judge C, Murphy R, Loughlin E, Costello M, Whiteley W, Bosch J, O\u2019Donnell MJ, Canavan M. Association of blood pressure lowering with incident dementia or cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2020;323:1934\u201344.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2111_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4980","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac584","volume":"43","author":"R Peters","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peters R, Xu Y, Fitzgerald O, et al. Blood pressure lowering and prevention of dementia: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2022;43:4980\u201390.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2111_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000053","volume":"68","author":"C Iadecola","year":"2016","unstructured":"Iadecola C, Yaffe K, Biller J, et al. Impact of hypertension on cognitive function: a scientific statement from the American heart association. Hypertension. 2016;68:e67\u201394.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2111_CR27","unstructured":"Jiang He, Chuansheng Zhao, Shanshan Zhong, et al. Effectiveness of blood pressure-lowering intervention on risk of total dementia among patients with hypertension: a cluster-randomized effectiveness trial. 2023."},{"key":"2111_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.7009","volume":"182","author":"JW van Dalen","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Dalen JW, Brayne C, Crane PK, et al. Association of systolic blood pressure with dementia risk and the role of age, U-shaped associations, and mortality. JAMA Intern Med. 2022;182:142\u201352.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2111_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20711","volume":"80","author":"S Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li S, Jiang C, Wang Y, et al. Systolic blood pressure time in target range and cognitive outcomes: insights from the SPRINT MIND Trial. Hypertension. 2023;80:1628\u201336.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2111_CR30","first-page":"e20362","volume":"13","author":"S Belani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Belani S, Wahood W, Hardigan P, Placzek AN, Ely S. Accuracy of detecting atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of wrist-worn wearable technology. Cureus. 2021;13:e20362.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2111_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.09.011","volume":"9","author":"D Mannhart","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mannhart D, Lischer M, Knecht S, et al. Clinical validation of 5 direct-to-consumer wearable smart devices to detect atrial fibrillation: BASEL wearable study. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2023;9:232\u201342.","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2111_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.02.013","volume":"8","author":"C Ford","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ford C, Xie CX, Low A, Rajakariar K, Koshy AN, Sajeev JK, Roberts L, Pathik B, Teh AW. Comparison of 2 smart watch algorithms for detection of atrial fibrillation and the benefit of clinician interpretation: SMART WARS study. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2022;8:782\u201391.","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2111_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7293.1043","volume":"322","author":"G Beevers","year":"2001","unstructured":"Beevers G, Lip GY, O\u2019Brien E. ABC of hypertension: blood pressure measurement. Part II-conventional sphygmomanometry: technique of auscultatory blood pressure measurement. BMJ. 2001;322:1043\u20137.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2111_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000087","volume":"73","author":"P Muntner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muntner P, Shimbo D, Carey RM, et al. Measurement of blood pressure in humans: a scientific statement from the American heart association. Hypertension. 2019;73:e35\u201366.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2111_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14742","volume":"76","author":"K Kario","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kario K. Management of hypertension in the digital era: small wearable monitoring devices for remote blood pressure monitoring. Hypertension. 2020;76:640\u201350.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2111_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-022-00675-z","volume":"36","author":"D Konstantinidis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Konstantinidis D, Iliakis P, Tatakis F, Thomopoulos K, Dimitriadis K, Tousoulis D, Tsioufis K. Wearable blood pressure measurement devices and new approaches in hypertension management: the digital era. J Hum Hypertens. 2022;36:945\u201351.","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"2111_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjdh\/ztac021","volume":"3","author":"SMS Islam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Islam SMS, Chow CK, Daryabeygikhotbehsara R, Subedi N, Rawstorn J, Tegegne T, Karmakar C, Siddiqui MU, Lambert G, Maddison R. Wearable cuffless blood pressure monitoring devices: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J Digit Health. 2022;3:323\u201337.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Digit Health"},{"key":"2111_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805017","volume":"359","author":"WV Tamborlane","year":"2008","unstructured":"Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group, Tamborlane WV, Beck RW, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring and intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:1464\u201376.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2111_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2021.0007","volume":"23","author":"MA Jackson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jackson MA, Ahmann A, Shah VN. Type 2 diabetes and the use of real-time continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2021;23:S27\u201334.","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"2111_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-1520","volume":"47","author":"S Seidu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Seidu S, Kunutsor SK, Ajjan RA, Choudhary P. Efficacy and safety of continuous glucose monitoring and intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional evidence. Diabetes Care. 2024;47:169\u201379.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"}],"container-title":["Current Cardiology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11886-024-02111-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11886-024-02111-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11886-024-02111-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T04:10:08Z","timestamp":1728447008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11886-024-02111-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11886-024-02111-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3782","1534-3170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3782","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 July 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Luke J. Laffin reports personal fees from Medtronic, Recor, Lilly, Idorsia, and Crispr Therapeutics; grants from Mineralys and AstraZeneca; and stock options from LucidAct Health, outside the submitted work. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"All reported studies\/experiments with human or animal subjects performed by the authors have been previously published and complied with all applicable ethical standards (including the Helsinki declaration and its amendments, institutional\/national research committee standards, and international\/national\/institutional guidelines).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}]}}