{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T23:49:20Z","timestamp":1793231360708,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Cardiol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-025-02325-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T13:28:43Z","timestamp":1764250123000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Epicardial Fat Inflammation and GLP-1\/GIP Receptor Analogs: Are we Shifting our Perspective?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Iacobellis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2325_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000163635.62927.34","volume":"96","author":"AH Berg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Berg AH, Scherer PE. Adipose tissue, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. 2005;96:939\u201349.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2325_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00679-9","volume":"19","author":"G Iacobellis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iacobellis G. Epicardial adipose tissue in contemporary cardiology. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2022;19:593\u2013606.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2325_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21059","volume":"23","author":"EA McAninch","year":"2015","unstructured":"McAninch EA, Fonseca TL, Poggioli R, Panos AL, Salerno TA, Deng Y, et al. Epicardial adipose tissue has a unique transcriptome modified in severe coronary artery disease. Obesity. 2015;23:1267\u201378.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"2325_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.08.088","volume":"85","author":"G Iacobellis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Iacobellis G, Malavazos AE. How semaglutide effects on epicardial fat inflammation can be good for the heart. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025;85:e7.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2325_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97967-0","volume":"11","author":"EH Zobel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zobel EH, Ripa RS, von Scholten BJ, et al. Effect of liraglutide on expression of inflammatory genes in type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):18522.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"2325_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097554","volume":"9","author":"NM Krasner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krasner NM, Ido Y, Ruderman NB, Cacicedo JM. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog liraglutide inhibits endothelial cell inflammation through a calcium and AMPK dependent mechanism. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(5): e97554.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"issue":"Supplement2","key":"2325_CR7","first-page":"ehad655","volume":"44","author":"D Sanchez-Lopez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sanchez-Lopez D, Lestegas-Soto A, Garcia-Vega D, Vinuela J, Reija-Lopez L, Martinez-Cereijo J, et al. Semaglutide effects on human epicardial and subcutaneous fat released exosomes, aortic endothelial cells and neutrophils. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(Supplement2):ehad655.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2325_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-109563","volume":"49","author":"G Iacobellis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iacobellis G, Camarena V, Sant D, Wang G. Human epicardial fat expresses glucagon-like peptide 1 and 2 receptors genes. Horm Metab Res. 2017;49:625\u201330.","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"2325_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad050","volume":"30","author":"AE Malavazos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Malavazos AE, Iacobellis G, Dozio E, Basilico S, Di Vincenzo A, Dubini C, et al. Human epicardial adipose tissue expresses glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors as potential targets of pleiotropic therapies. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2023;30:680\u201393.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2325_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-022-01420-8","volume":"27","author":"AE Malavazos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Malavazos AE, Di Vincenzo A, Iacobellis G, Basilico S, Dubini C, Morricone L, et al. The density of crown-like structures in epicardial adipose tissue could play a role in cardiovascular diseases. Eat Weight Disord. 2022;27:2905\u201310.","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"key":"2325_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.04.039","volume":"292","author":"E Dozio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dozio E, Vianello E, Malavazos AE, Tacchini L, Schmitz G, Iacobellis G, et al. Epicardial adipose tissue GLP-1 receptor is associated with genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and white-to-brown fat differentiation: a target to modulate cardiovascular risk? Int J Cardiol. 2019;292:218\u201324.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2325_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2024.08.019","volume":"35","author":"G Iacobellis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Iacobellis G, Goldberger JJ, Lamelas J, Martinez CA, Sterling CM, Bodenstab M, et al. Liraglutide effects on epicardial adipose tissue micro-RNAs and intra-operative glucose control. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2025;35:103726.","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2325_CR13","first-page":"6550","volume":"14","author":"H Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng H, Peng Y, Wang P, Su P, Zhao L. The integrative network of circRNA, miRNA and mRNA of epicardial adipose tissue in patients with atrial fibrillation. Am J Transl Res. 2022;14:6550\u201362.","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"2325_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2019.00115","volume":"6","author":"KV Tran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tran KV, Majka J, Sanghai S, Sardana M, Lessard D, Milstone Z, Tanriverdi K, Freedman JE, Fitzgibbons TP. McManus D. Micro-RNAs are related to epicardial adipose tissue in participants with atrial fibrillation: data from the mirhythm study. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2019;6:115.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2325_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01909","volume":"103","author":"J Lozano-Bartolom\u00e9","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lozano-Bartolom\u00e9 J, Llaurad\u00f3 G, Portero-Otin M, Altuna-Coy A, Rojo-Mart\u00ednez G, Vendrell J, et al. Altered expression of miR-181a-5p and miR-23a-3p is associated with obesity and TNF\u03b1-induced insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103:1447\u201358.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2325_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071568","volume":"8","author":"H Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li H, Chen X, Guan L, Qi Q, Shu G, Jiang Q, et al. MiRNA-181a regulates adipogenesis by targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the porcine model. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e71568.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2325_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2025.03.009","volume":"4","author":"R Basdas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Basdas R, Mart\u00ednez-Cereijo JM, Fern\u00e1ndez \u00c1L, Reija L, Cabaleiro A, Bravo SB, et al. Semaglutide modulates proinflammatory epicardial adipogenesis with paracrine effects on hiPSC-atrial cardiomyocytes. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2025;4:101277.","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"key":"2325_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02096-9","volume":"23","author":"D Garc\u00eda-Vega","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Vega D, S\u00e1nchez-L\u00f3pez D, Rodr\u00edguez-Carnero G, Villar-Taibo R, Vi\u00f1uela JE, Lesteg\u00e1s-Soto A, et al. Semaglutide modulates prothrombotic and atherosclerotic mechanisms, associated with epicardial fat, neutrophils and endothelial cells network. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23:1.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2325_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1417232112","volume":"112","author":"Y Yamaguchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yamaguchi Y, et al. Adipogenesis and epicardial adipose tissue: a novel fate of the epicardium induced by mesenchymal transformation and PPAR\u03b3 activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015;112(7):2070\u20135.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2325_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307225","volume":"36","author":"M Furuhashi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Furuhashi M, Fuseya T, Murata M, Hoshina K, Ishimura S, Mita T, et al. Local production of fatty acid-binding protein 4 in epicardial\/perivascular fat and macrophages is linked to coronary atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2016;36:825\u201334.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2325_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21718","volume":"25","author":"G Iacobellis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iacobellis G, Mohseni M, Bianco S, Banga P. Liraglutide causes large and rapid epicardial fat reduction. Obesity. 2017;25:311\u20136.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"4","key":"2325_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvz042","volume":"4","author":"G Iacobellis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iacobellis G, Villasante Fricke AC. Effects of semaglutide versus dulaglutide on epicardial fat thickness in subjects with type 2 diabetes and obesity. J Endocr Soc. 2020;4(4):bvz042.","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"2325_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.11.001","volume":"85","author":"CM Kramer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kramer CM, Borlaug BA, Zile MR, Ruff D, DiMaria JM, Menon V, Ou Y, Zarante AM, Hurt KC, Murakami M, Packer M, SUMMIT Trial Study Group. Tirzepatide reduces LV mass and paracardiac adipose tissue in Obesity-Related heart failure: SUMMIT CMR substudy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025;85:699\u2013706.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2325_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.05.065","volume":"84","author":"V Manubolu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Manubolu V, Lakshmanan S, Kinninger A, et al. Effect of semaglutide on epicardial adipose tissue in type 2 diabetes: insights from the STOP (Semaglutide treatment effect on coronary atherosclerosis Progression) randomized trial. JACC. 2024;84:865\u20137.","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"2325_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042287","volume":"140","author":"RH Christensen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Christensen RH, Lehrskov LL, Wedell-Neergaard AS. Aerobic exercise induces cardiac fat loss and alters cardiac muscle mass through an interleukin-6 receptor\u2013dependent mechanism. Circulation. 2019;140:1684\u20136.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2325_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2009.10.013","volume":"22","author":"G Iacobellis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Iacobellis G, Willens HJ. Echocardiographic epicardial fat: a review of research and clinical applications. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009;22:1311\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2325_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2003.45","volume":"11","author":"G Iacobellis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Iacobellis G, Assael F, Ribaudo MC, Zappaterreno A, Alessi G, Di Mario U, et al. Epicardial fat from echocardiography: a new method for visceral adipose tissue prediction. Obes Res. 2003;11:304\u201310.","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"2325_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.743062","volume":"117","author":"GA Rosito","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rosito GA, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Ruberg FL, Mahabadi AA, Vasan RS, et al. Pericardial fat, visceral abdominal fat, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and vascular calcification in a community-based sample: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2008;117:605\u201313.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2325_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.02.023","volume":"284","author":"G Iacobellis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Iacobellis G, Mahabadi AA. Is epicardial fat attenuation a novel marker of coronary inflammation? Atherosclerosis. 2019;284:212\u20133.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2325_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","volume":"375","author":"SP Marso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, Kristensen P, Mann JF, Nauck MA, et al. Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:311\u201322.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2325_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","volume":"375","author":"SP Marso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, Eliaschewitz FG, J\u00f3dar E, Leiter LA, et al. SUSTAIN-6 Investigators. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:1834\u2013184.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2325_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2306963","volume":"389","author":"MN Kosiborod","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kosiborod MN, Abildstr\u00f8m SZ, Borlaug BA, Butler J, Rasmussen S, Davies M, et al. Semaglutide in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:1069\u201384.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2325_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2410027","volume":"392","author":"M Packer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Packer M, Zile MR, Kramer CM, Baum SJ, Litwin SE, Menon V, Ge J, Weerakkody GJ, Ou Y, Bunck MC, Hurt KC, Murakami M, Borlaug BA, SUMMIT Trial Study Group. Tirzepatide for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025;392:427\u201337.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Current Cardiology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11886-025-02325-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11886-025-02325-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11886-025-02325-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T08:57:32Z","timestamp":1772096252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11886-025-02325-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2325"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11886-025-02325-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3782","1534-3170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3782","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No animal or human subjects by the authors were used in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"161"}}